高CO_2含量天然气偏差因子影响研究
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摘要
天然气偏差因子是天然气物性参数和地质储量计算的基础,其不仅受温度压力的影响,也是天然气组分与组成的函数。目前,对低含量CO_2的天然气偏差因子计算方法精度较高,但对以DF气田典型代表的高含CO_2天然气偏差因子,其计算精度难以得到保障。针对不同CO_2含量天然气采用PVT实验方法,分析了CO_2含量对天然气偏差因子的影响规律,并以实验结果为基础,用麦夸特法及通用全局优化法修正了DAK计算天然气偏差因子经验公式。结果表明,与重烃(乙烷、丙烷)对天然气偏差因子的影响规律相似,CO_2的存在明显降低了天然气的偏差因子,且影响幅度随CO_2含量增加而逐渐增大;当CO_2含量较低时,DAK经验公式能够较准确计算天然气偏差因子,而当CO_2含量大于50%时,应用修正的DAK经验公式能够获得满意的效果。
The gas deviation factor of natural gas is the basis for the calculation of the physical parameters and geological reserves of natural gas.It is affected by temperature and pressure and is also a function of natural gas composition and its components.At present,a high-precision calculation method of gas deviation factor suitable for natural gas with low CO_2 content already exists.However,its calculation precision is not guaranteed when applied to the calculation of gas deviation factor for natural gas with high CO_2 content,typically found in DF Gas Field.Targeting this problem,the influence of CO_2 content on the gas deviation factor of natural gas was analyzed using the PVT experimental method.Based on the experimental results,the empirical formula of the DAK method for calculating the gas deviation factor of natural gas was modified using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the general global optimization method.The results show that,similar to the effects of heavy hydrocarbons(ethane and propane),the presence of CO_2 significantly reduces the gas deviation factor of natural gas,and the magnitude of this influence gradually increases as CO_2 content increases.When CO_2 content is low,the DAK empirical formula can calculate the gas deviation factor of natural gas relatively accurately,whereas if CO_2 content becomes larger than 50%,the corrected DAK empirical formula can lead to satisfactory results.
The gas deviation factor of natural gas is the basis for the calculation of the physical parameters and geological reserves of natural gas.It is affected by temperature and pressure and is also a function of natural gas composition and its components.At present,a high-precision calculation method of gas deviation factor suitable for natural gas with low CO_2 content already exists.However,its calculation precision is not guaranteed when applied to the calculation of gas deviation factor for natural gas with high CO_2 content,typically found in DF Gas Field.Targeting this problem,the influence of CO_2 content on the gas deviation factor of natural gas was analyzed using the PVT experimental method.Based on the experimental results,the empirical formula of the DAK method for calculating the gas deviation factor of natural gas was modified using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and the general global optimization method.The results show that,similar to the effects of heavy hydrocarbons(ethane and propane),the presence of CO_2 significantly reduces the gas deviation factor of natural gas,and the magnitude of this influence gradually increases as CO_2 content increases.When CO_2 content is low,the DAK empirical formula can calculate the gas deviation factor of natural gas relatively accurately,whereas if CO_2 content becomes larger than 50%,the corrected DAK empirical formula can lead to satisfactory results.
引文
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[20]苏云河,汤勇,肖云,等.CO_2含量对火山岩气藏开发指标的影响[J].天然气工业,2011,31(8):69-72.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.08.016SU Yunhe,TANG Yong,XIAO Yun,et al.Impacts of CO_2content on the development indexes of volcanic gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(8):69-72.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.08.016
[21]严谨,刘传喜.高含CO_2气井产能计算新方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(5):787-791.YAN Jin,LIU Chuanxi.A new method of productivity prediction for high CO_2-content gas wells[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(5):787-791.
[22]谢玉洪,黄保家.南海莺歌海盆地东方13-1高温高压气田特征与成藏机理[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(8):1731-1739.doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4934-0XIE Yuhong,HUANG Baojia.Characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of the Dongfang 13-1 high temperature and overpressured gas field in the Yinggehai Basin the South China Sea[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,44(8):1731-1739.doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4934-0
[23]BAHADORI A,MOKHATAB S,TOWLER B F.Rapidly estimating natural gas compressibility factor[J].Journal ofEnergy Chemistry,2007,16(4):349-353.doi:10.1016/S1003-9953(08)60003-1
[24]阳建平,肖香姣,张峰,等.几种天然气偏差因子计算方法的适用性评价[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(1):154-157.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2007.01.031YANG Jianping,XIAO Xiangjiao,ZHANG Feng,et al Applicability estimation of four methods of calculating the deviation factor of natural gas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(1):154-157.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2007.01.031
[25]汪周华,郭平,李海平,等.酸性天然气压缩因子实用算法对比分析[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(1):47-50.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2004.01.014WANG Zhouhua,GUO Ping,LI Hamping,et al.Contrast ing and analyzing the utility arithmetic for calculating the Z-factor of sour gas[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Insitute,2004,26(1):47-50.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.-2004.01.014
[2]卞小强,杜志敏.高含CO_2天然气相变及其物性参数实验测试[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(1):63-65.BIAN Xiaoqiang,DU Zhimin.Experimental study on the phase behavior and fluid phy sical parameters of high CO_2-content natural gas[J].Xinj iang Petroleum Geology,201334(1):63-65.
[3]颜雪,孙雷,周剑锋,等.计算超高压气藏天然气偏差因子新方法[J].油气藏评价与开发,2015,5(1):26-29doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1426.2015.01.005YAN Xue,SUN Lei,ZHOU Jianfeng,et al.New model of calculating natural gas Z-factor in the ultrahigh pressure gas reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2015,5(1):26-29.doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1426.-2015.01.005
[4]KATZ D L,CORNELL D,VARY J A,et al.Handbook of natural gas engineering[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Book Co.inc.,1959:94-188.
[5]SMITH R V.Practical natural gas engineering[M].2nd ed.Oklahoma:PennWell Publishing Co.,1990:14-20.
[6]BRADLEY,HOWARD B.Petroleum engineering handbook[M].Richardson:Society of Petroleum Engineers.1987:201-206.
[7]郭春秋,李方明,刘合年,等.气藏采气速度与稳产期定量关系研究[J].石油学报,2009,30(6):908-911.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.06.019GUO Chunqiu,LI Fangming,LIU Henian,et al.Analysis of quantitative relationship between gas offtake and plateau duration of natural gas reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2009,30(6):908-911.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2009.06.019
[8]李士伦,孙良田,郭平,等.气田及凝析气田开发新理论、新技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.LI Shilun,SUN Liangtian,GUO Ping,et al.New theory and technology for development of gas field and condensate gas field[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.
[9]张地洪,鄢友军,向新华,等.天然气偏差因子的实验研究[J].天然气工业,2002,22(z1):107-109.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0976.2002.z1.027ZHANG Dihong,YAN Youj un,XIANG Xinhua,et al.Experimental study on natural gas deviation factor[J].Natu-ral Gas Industry,2002,22(z1):107-109.doi:10.3321/j.-issn:1000-0976.2002.z1.027
[10]DRANCHUKP M,PURVIS RA,ROBINSONDB.Computer calculation of natural gas compres sibility factors using the Standing and Katz correlation[J].Inst of Petroleum Technical Series,1973,36(4):73-112.doi:10.2118/73-112
[11]DRANCHUK P M,KASSEM H.Calculation of Z factors for natural gases using equations of state[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,1975,14(3):34-36.doi:10.2118/75-03-03
[12]HALL K R,YARBOROUGH L.A new equation-of-state for Z-factor calculations[J].Oil and Gas Journal,1973,37(8):82-92.
[13]徐朝阳,熊钰,谢恩,等.酸性天然气偏差因子计算方法优选[J].重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2012,14(1):23-26.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1980.2012.01.-007XU Zhaoyang,XIONG Yu,XIE En,et al.Optimization of Z-factor calculation methods of sour natural gas[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(Natural Sciences Edition),2012,14(1):23-26.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1980.2012.01.007
[14]伍勇,杜志敏,郭肖,等.异常高压气藏偏差因子计算方法[J].天然气工业,2008,28(6):105-107,155.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2008.06.030WU Yong,DU Zhimin,GUO Xiao,et al.Calculation method of deviation factor of abnormal high pressure gas reservoir[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(6):105-107,155.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2008.06.030
[15]李相方,刚涛,庄湘琦,等.高压天然气偏差系数的高精度解析模型[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(6):45-46.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000--5870.2001.06.013LI Xiangfang,GANG Tao,ZHUANG Xiangqi,et al.A analytic model with high precision for calculating compressibility factor of high-pressure gas[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2001,25(6):45-46.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-5870.2001.-06.013
[16]张国东,李敏,柏冬岭.高压超高压天然气偏差系数实用计算模型——LXF高压高精度天然气偏差系数解析模型的修正[J].天然气工业,2005,25(8):79-80.ZHANG Guodong,LI Min,BAI Dongling.Practical calculating model of gas deviation factor with high and super high pressurer[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(8):79-80.
[17]胡建国,郭分乔,许进进.计算天然气偏差因子的DAK方法的修正[J].石油与天然气地质,2013,34(1):120-123.HU Jianguo,GUO Fenqiao,XU Jinj in.Modification of the DAK method for natural gas Z-factor calculation[J].Oil and Gas Geology,2013,34(1):120-123.
[18]陈亮,孙雷.CO_2气藏偏差因子计算模型评价[J].复杂油气藏,2014,7(2):57-60.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674--4667.2014.02.015CHEN Liang,SUN Lei.Evaluating calculation methods of Z-factor for CO_2 gas reservoir[J].Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs,2014,7(2):57-60.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4667.2014.02.015
[19]章星,杨胜来,王刚,等.长深气藏天然气高压物性和相态特征研究[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(1):45-47.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2011.01.010ZHANG Xing,YANG Shenglai,WANG Gang,et al.Study on physical property and phase behavior of the natural gas in Changshen deep gas reservoir at high pressure[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Sciences Edition),2011,26(1):45-47.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-064X.2011.-01.010
[20]苏云河,汤勇,肖云,等.CO_2含量对火山岩气藏开发指标的影响[J].天然气工业,2011,31(8):69-72.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.08.016SU Yunhe,TANG Yong,XIAO Yun,et al.Impacts of CO_2content on the development indexes of volcanic gas reservoirs[J].Natural Gas Industry,2011,31(8):69-72.doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2011.08.016
[21]严谨,刘传喜.高含CO_2气井产能计算新方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(5):787-791.YAN Jin,LIU Chuanxi.A new method of productivity prediction for high CO_2-content gas wells[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2011,32(5):787-791.
[22]谢玉洪,黄保家.南海莺歌海盆地东方13-1高温高压气田特征与成藏机理[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(8):1731-1739.doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4934-0XIE Yuhong,HUANG Baojia.Characteristics and accumulation mechanisms of the Dongfang 13-1 high temperature and overpressured gas field in the Yinggehai Basin the South China Sea[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2014,44(8):1731-1739.doi:10.1007/s11430-014-4934-0
[23]BAHADORI A,MOKHATAB S,TOWLER B F.Rapidly estimating natural gas compressibility factor[J].Journal ofEnergy Chemistry,2007,16(4):349-353.doi:10.1016/S1003-9953(08)60003-1
[24]阳建平,肖香姣,张峰,等.几种天然气偏差因子计算方法的适用性评价[J].天然气地球科学,2007,18(1):154-157.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2007.01.031YANG Jianping,XIAO Xiangjiao,ZHANG Feng,et al Applicability estimation of four methods of calculating the deviation factor of natural gas[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2007,18(1):154-157.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-1926.2007.01.031
[25]汪周华,郭平,李海平,等.酸性天然气压缩因子实用算法对比分析[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(1):47-50.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.2004.01.014WANG Zhouhua,GUO Ping,LI Hamping,et al.Contrast ing and analyzing the utility arithmetic for calculating the Z-factor of sour gas[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Insitute,2004,26(1):47-50.doi:10.3863/j.issn.1674-5086.-2004.01.014