理想与现实:沙特阿拉伯王国高等教育国际化发展研究
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摘要
沙特在内外部因素的推动下,通过引进卓越学院项目、实施阿卜杜拉国王奖学金项目和创建阿卜杜拉国王科技大学等措施,实施了高等教育的国际化改革。改革具有鲜明的指向性与实用性,展现出新自由主义与国家主义的融合与冲突,体现出政府对高等教育的重视与引导。然而,鉴于沙特特殊的地缘政治与文化背景,沙特的高等教育国际化改革也面临国内保守派与改革派之间的博弈,对实用主义的过分关注、教育目标与沙特教育发展现状之间的差距等成为改革所面临的障碍。对沙特而言,当前阶段仍需解决高等教育面向全球化的改革目标与维护传统文化价值观之间的冲突问题。
Driven by the internal and external factors, Saudi Arabia reforms its higher education system through internationalization strategies by the introduction of College of Excellence, King Abdullah Scholarship and the establishment of KAUST. The internationalization of Saudi higher education has its unique characteristics, such as directivity and practicality; the combination and contradiction of neoliberalism and nationalism; the guidance from Saudi government. However, given the particularities of geopolitics and cultural background of Saudi Arabia,its efforts to internationalization of higher education face many obstacles: the conflict between conservatives and reformists, the excessive emphasis on pragmatism and the gap between educational goals and the status quo of Saudi education development. For the Saudi government, currently it still needs to resolve the conflict between the globalized goal of higher education and the maintenance of its traditional cultural values.
Driven by the internal and external factors, Saudi Arabia reforms its higher education system through internationalization strategies by the introduction of College of Excellence, King Abdullah Scholarship and the establishment of KAUST. The internationalization of Saudi higher education has its unique characteristics, such as directivity and practicality; the combination and contradiction of neoliberalism and nationalism; the guidance from Saudi government. However, given the particularities of geopolitics and cultural background of Saudi Arabia,its efforts to internationalization of higher education face many obstacles: the conflict between conservatives and reformists, the excessive emphasis on pragmatism and the gap between educational goals and the status quo of Saudi education development. For the Saudi government, currently it still needs to resolve the conflict between the globalized goal of higher education and the maintenance of its traditional cultural values.
引文
[1]詹姆斯·温布赖特.沙特阿拉伯史[M].韩志斌等译.上海:东方出版中心,2009.260.
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[4]Saudi Arabia’s Curriculum of Intolerance[EB/OL](2017-09-03)[2018-01-29].http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/special report/48.pdf.
[5]Population and Age Dependency Ratio(%Of working population)[EB/OL][2018-07-10].http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/reportwidget.aspx?Report_Name=CountryProfile&Id=b450fd57&tbar=y&dd=y&inf=n&zm=n&country=SAU.
[6]Mustapha M.Achoui,Human Resource Development In Gulf Countries:An Analysis of the Trends and Challenges Facing SaudiArabia[J].Human Resource Development International,2009(12):35-46
[7]Phan Le Ha&Osman Z.Barnawi,Where English,Neoliberalism,Desire and Internationalization are Alive and Kicking:Higher Education in SaudiArabiaToday[J].Language and Education,2015(29):545-565.
[8]All International Colleges Under the Technical and Vocational Training Corporations[EB/OL][2017-11-10].http://www.coe.com.sa/EN/Trainees/Pages/AllColleges.aspx.
[9]沙特高等教育部规划与信息司.沙特阿拉伯高等教育现状[M].杨平等译.北京:朝华出版社,2012.90.
[10]Annalisa Pavan,A New Perspective on the Quest for Education:TheSaudiArabian Way to Knowledge Society[J].Higher Education Studies,2013(3):25-36.
[11]FawzyBukhari&Brian Denman,Students Scholarships in SaudiArabia:Implications and Opportunities for Overseas Engagement[J].Higher Education in SaudiArabia,Springer.2013:151-158.
[13]Abdullah A.S.Al-Mubaraki,National and Global Challenges to Higher Education in SaudiArabia:Current Development and Future Strategies[J].Higher Education Dynamics36,2011:413-431.
[14]King Abdullah University of Science and Technology,Media Relations[EB/OL][2017-10-20].http://www.kaust.edu.sa/media-relations.html.
[15]Huntington Williams,The Global Research Partnership of KAUST:A Model for Research Universities in the21stCentury[J].Science and Education Policies in Central and Eastern Europe countries,2010:29-32.
[16]Natalie Koch,The Shifting Geopolitics of Higher Education:Internationalizing Elite Universities in Kazakhstan,SaudiArabia,and Beyond[J].Geoforum,2014(56):46-54.
[17]Michaela Prokop,Saudi Arabia:The Politics of Education[J].International Affairs,2003(79):77-89.
[18]Jonas Otterback,Wahhabi Ideology of Social Control versus A New Publicness in SaudiArabia[J].Cont.-Islam,2012(6):341-353.
[19]Roel Meijer,Reform in SaudiArabia:The GenderSegregated Debate[J].Middle East Policy,2010(4):80-101.
[20]Ulrich Schmoch et al,Establishing a World-Class University in SaudiArabia:Intended and Unintended Effects[J].Scientometrics,2016:1-17.
[21]Annalisa Pavan,Higher Education in SaudiArabia:Rooted in Heritage and Values,Aspiring to Progress[J].International Research in Higher Education,2016(1):91-101.
[22]Algonquin College Wins Bid for New Female and Male Campuses in SaudiArabia[EB/OL][2018-03-02].http://www.algonquincollege.com/public-relations.
[23]Ministry of Education,Kingdom of SaudiArabia,32Thousand Scholarships for Students of 155 countries in Saudi Universities[EB/OL][2018-01-23].http://www.mohe.gov.sa/en/news/pages.
(1)沙特化:沙特政府于20世纪70年代制定的一项政策,旨在逐渐用沙特本国人才代替沙特劳动力市场中的外籍员工。
[2][12]沙特阿拉伯高等级教育部规划和信息司.沙特阿拉伯高等教育指标及国际比较[M].郭亚嫘等译.北京:朝华出版社,2012.176.124.
[3]沙特公布“2030愿景文件”,誓成为连接亚欧非三洲的全球中枢[EB/OL][2018-01-29].http://www.chinca.org/cms/html/main/col286.html.
[4]Saudi Arabia’s Curriculum of Intolerance[EB/OL](2017-09-03)[2018-01-29].http://www.freedomhouse.org/uploads/special report/48.pdf.
[5]Population and Age Dependency Ratio(%Of working population)[EB/OL][2018-07-10].http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/reportwidget.aspx?Report_Name=CountryProfile&Id=b450fd57&tbar=y&dd=y&inf=n&zm=n&country=SAU.
[6]Mustapha M.Achoui,Human Resource Development In Gulf Countries:An Analysis of the Trends and Challenges Facing SaudiArabia[J].Human Resource Development International,2009(12):35-46
[7]Phan Le Ha&Osman Z.Barnawi,Where English,Neoliberalism,Desire and Internationalization are Alive and Kicking:Higher Education in SaudiArabiaToday[J].Language and Education,2015(29):545-565.
[8]All International Colleges Under the Technical and Vocational Training Corporations[EB/OL][2017-11-10].http://www.coe.com.sa/EN/Trainees/Pages/AllColleges.aspx.
[9]沙特高等教育部规划与信息司.沙特阿拉伯高等教育现状[M].杨平等译.北京:朝华出版社,2012.90.
[10]Annalisa Pavan,A New Perspective on the Quest for Education:TheSaudiArabian Way to Knowledge Society[J].Higher Education Studies,2013(3):25-36.
[11]FawzyBukhari&Brian Denman,Students Scholarships in SaudiArabia:Implications and Opportunities for Overseas Engagement[J].Higher Education in SaudiArabia,Springer.2013:151-158.
[13]Abdullah A.S.Al-Mubaraki,National and Global Challenges to Higher Education in SaudiArabia:Current Development and Future Strategies[J].Higher Education Dynamics36,2011:413-431.
[14]King Abdullah University of Science and Technology,Media Relations[EB/OL][2017-10-20].http://www.kaust.edu.sa/media-relations.html.
[15]Huntington Williams,The Global Research Partnership of KAUST:A Model for Research Universities in the21stCentury[J].Science and Education Policies in Central and Eastern Europe countries,2010:29-32.
[16]Natalie Koch,The Shifting Geopolitics of Higher Education:Internationalizing Elite Universities in Kazakhstan,SaudiArabia,and Beyond[J].Geoforum,2014(56):46-54.
[17]Michaela Prokop,Saudi Arabia:The Politics of Education[J].International Affairs,2003(79):77-89.
[18]Jonas Otterback,Wahhabi Ideology of Social Control versus A New Publicness in SaudiArabia[J].Cont.-Islam,2012(6):341-353.
[19]Roel Meijer,Reform in SaudiArabia:The GenderSegregated Debate[J].Middle East Policy,2010(4):80-101.
[20]Ulrich Schmoch et al,Establishing a World-Class University in SaudiArabia:Intended and Unintended Effects[J].Scientometrics,2016:1-17.
[21]Annalisa Pavan,Higher Education in SaudiArabia:Rooted in Heritage and Values,Aspiring to Progress[J].International Research in Higher Education,2016(1):91-101.
[22]Algonquin College Wins Bid for New Female and Male Campuses in SaudiArabia[EB/OL][2018-03-02].http://www.algonquincollege.com/public-relations.
[23]Ministry of Education,Kingdom of SaudiArabia,32Thousand Scholarships for Students of 155 countries in Saudi Universities[EB/OL][2018-01-23].http://www.mohe.gov.sa/en/news/pages.
(1)沙特化:沙特政府于20世纪70年代制定的一项政策,旨在逐渐用沙特本国人才代替沙特劳动力市场中的外籍员工。