宁夏蚤类区系及其分布特征
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摘要
本文运用动物地理学方法,研究蚤类在宁夏不同动物地理区划的分布规律。对文献中动物、昆虫区系调查资料及现有蚤类标本统计分析整理,结果显示,宁夏地区共发现蚤类9科39属116种(亚种),其数量约占我国蚤类的1/6,其中古北界的蚤类89种(亚种),占76.72%;东洋界3种,占2.59%;两界兼有17种(亚种),占14.66%;广布种7种,占6.03%。古北界中亚亚界蒙新区西部荒漠亚区贺兰山地省,记录4科13属14种(亚种),占宁夏蚤种的12.07%(14/116),其中古北界的种类占78.58%,东洋界7.14%,两界兼有种7.14%,广布种7.14%。东部草原亚区宁中间山盆地缓坡丘陵及北部平原省,记录7科24属52种(亚种),占宁夏蚤种的44.83%(52/116),其中古北界的种类占78.52%,东洋界1.92%,两界兼有种11.54%,广布种7.69%。古北界东北亚界华北区黄土高原亚区宁南黄土丘陵省,记录7科26属53种(亚种),占宁夏蚤种的45.69%(53/116),其中古北界的种类占77.36%,两界兼有种16.98%,广布种5.66%。六盘山地省,记录8科29属59种(亚种),占宁夏蚤种的50.86%(59/116),其中古北界的种类占79.66%,东洋界1.69%,两界兼有种13.56%,广布种5.09%。
To study the fauna and distribution of fleas in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Zoogeographical method was employed to study the flea distribution in Ningxia zoogeographic division, and the previous investigation information of natural focus diseases such as plague and zoonosis-borne diseases, as well as the data of animal and insect fauna and existing specimens of fleas, were statistically analyzed and collated. A total of 116 species and subspecies of fleas were found belonging to 39 genera and 9 families, and accounted for about 1/6 of the fleas species in China. Of which 89 species and subspecies(76.72%) were found in palaearctic realm, 3(2.59) in oriental realm, 17 species(14.66) in the both realms and 7 species(6.03%) were widespread species. Four families, 13 genera and 14 species and subspecies of fleas distributed in the Helan mountain province of Western desert subregion of Mongolia-Xinjiang region of Central asia subrealm of Palaearctic realm, accounted for 12.07%(14/116) of Ningxia flea species, including 78.58% Palaearctic species, 7.14% Oriental species, 7.14% the both realms species and 7.14% widely distributed species. Seven families, 24 genera and 52 species and subspecies of fleas distributed in the Ningxia middle mountain basin gentle slope hillock and the northern plains province of eastern prairie subregion, accounted for 44.83%(52/116) of Ningxia flea species, among them 78.52% were Palaearctic species, 1.92% were Oriental species, 11.54% the both realms species and 7.69% widely distributed species. Seven families, 26 genera, 53 species and subspecies of fleas distributed in the Southern Ningxia loess hillock province of northeast subrealm of Palaearctic realm, accounted for 45.69%(53/116) of Ningxia flea species, and more than 77.36% were Palaearctic species, 16.98% the both realms species and 5.66% widely distributed species. Eight families, 29 genera 59 species and subspecies of fleas distributed in the Liupanshan province, accounted for 50.86%(59/116) of Ningxia flea species, among them 79.66% were Palaearctic species, 1.69% Oriental species, 13.56% the both realms species and 5.09% widely distributed species. Fleas are distributed in various zoogeographic regions of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the relationship between hosts and fleas is a result of long-term adaptation and evolution in nature.
To study the fauna and distribution of fleas in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Zoogeographical method was employed to study the flea distribution in Ningxia zoogeographic division, and the previous investigation information of natural focus diseases such as plague and zoonosis-borne diseases, as well as the data of animal and insect fauna and existing specimens of fleas, were statistically analyzed and collated. A total of 116 species and subspecies of fleas were found belonging to 39 genera and 9 families, and accounted for about 1/6 of the fleas species in China. Of which 89 species and subspecies(76.72%) were found in palaearctic realm, 3(2.59) in oriental realm, 17 species(14.66) in the both realms and 7 species(6.03%) were widespread species. Four families, 13 genera and 14 species and subspecies of fleas distributed in the Helan mountain province of Western desert subregion of Mongolia-Xinjiang region of Central asia subrealm of Palaearctic realm, accounted for 12.07%(14/116) of Ningxia flea species, including 78.58% Palaearctic species, 7.14% Oriental species, 7.14% the both realms species and 7.14% widely distributed species. Seven families, 24 genera and 52 species and subspecies of fleas distributed in the Ningxia middle mountain basin gentle slope hillock and the northern plains province of eastern prairie subregion, accounted for 44.83%(52/116) of Ningxia flea species, among them 78.52% were Palaearctic species, 1.92% were Oriental species, 11.54% the both realms species and 7.69% widely distributed species. Seven families, 26 genera, 53 species and subspecies of fleas distributed in the Southern Ningxia loess hillock province of northeast subrealm of Palaearctic realm, accounted for 45.69%(53/116) of Ningxia flea species, and more than 77.36% were Palaearctic species, 16.98% the both realms species and 5.66% widely distributed species. Eight families, 29 genera 59 species and subspecies of fleas distributed in the Liupanshan province, accounted for 50.86%(59/116) of Ningxia flea species, among them 79.66% were Palaearctic species, 1.69% Oriental species, 13.56% the both realms species and 5.09% widely distributed species. Fleas are distributed in various zoogeographic regions of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the relationship between hosts and fleas is a result of long-term adaptation and evolution in nature.
引文
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Guan YH,Zhang JY,Wang CY,Ding J,Bai YY.Flea fauna studies in Liaoning province.Chin J Vector Biol&Control,2017,28(6):576-582.[关玉辉,张家勇,王纯玉,丁俊,白玉银.辽宁省蚤类区系及其分布特征.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(6):576-582.]
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Ningxia Agricultural Geography Group.Agricultural Geography in Ningxia.Science Press,Beijing.1976,1-127.[宁夏农业地理编写组.宁夏农业地理.银川:科学出版学,1976,1-127.]
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Bai XL,Qin CY,Li KZ.A description of the female of Nearctopsylla(Neochinopsylla)xijeensis Wu,Chen et Li,1986 and supplementary morphological note of the male(Siphonaptera:Hystrichopsyllidae).Sichuan Journal of Zoology,1987,6(3):3-5.[白学礼,秦长育,李贵真.西吉新北蚤雌性的记述及其雄性形态的补充(蚤目:多毛蚤科).四川动物,1987,6(3):3-5.]
Bai XL,Xia Q,Yan LM.Composition and distribution and harm of fleas in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Chinese Journal of Pest Control,2008,24(8):561-566.[白学礼,夏清,闫立民.宁夏蚤类组成、分布与危害.医学动物防制,2008,24(8):561-566.]
Bai XL,Yan LM,Qi RJ et al.Two new species of Hystrichopsylla and Peromyscopsylla from Liupanshan Natural Ningxia,China(Siphonaptera,Hystrichopsyllidae,Leptopsyllidae).Acta Zootaxonom.Sin.,2011,36(4):981-985.[白学礼,闫立民,祁瑞江,吴向林,张映梅.宁夏六盘山自然保护区多毛蚤属和二刺蚤属新种记述(蚤目,多毛蚤科,细蚤科).动物分类学报,2011,36(4):981-985.]
Bai XL,Yan LM,Weir H.A new species of Palaeopsylla from Ningxia,China(Siphonaptera,Ctenophthalmidae).Acta Zootaxonom.Sin.,2010,35(4):922-924.[白学礼,闫立民,魏浩.宁夏古蚤属一新种记述(蚤目,栉眼蚤科).动物分类学报,2010,35(4):922-924.]
Bai XL,Yan LM,Wu HY.Two new species of Rhadinopsylla from Ningxia,China(Siphonaptera,Ctenophthalmidae).Acta Parasitol.Med.Entomol.Sin.,2010,17(4):235-239.[白学礼,闫立民,吴厚永.宁夏六盘山纤蚤属二新种记述(蚤目,栉眼蚤科).寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2010,17(4):235-239.]
Bai XL,Zang YM,Wu XL,Wei H,Ma HR.A new species of Palaeopsylla and a new subspecies of Stenoponia from China(Siphonaptera,Ctenophthalmidae).Acta Parasitol.Med.Entomol.Sin.,2018,25(3):168-173.[白学礼,张映梅,吴向林,魏浩,马汉荣.中国古蚤属1新种和狭蚤属1新亚种的记述(蚤目:栉眼蚤科).寄生虫与医学昆虫学报,2018,25(3):168-173.]
Bai XL,Chen BF,Gu YM.Ningxia medical Entomology&Acari(fleas,ticksm mites,lice)and their Geographical Distribution.Ningxia Medical Journal,1995,17(1):1-8.[白学礼,顾以铭,陈百芳.宁夏蚤、蜱、螨、虱的区系分布.宁夏医学杂志,1995,17(1):1-8.]
Bai XL.The species and distribution of fleas in Ningxia.Chinese Journal of Epidemiology,1985,2:11.[白学礼.宁夏蚤类及其分布.中华流行病学杂志,1985,2:11.]
Cai LY,Zan XR,Wu WZ et al.The flea fauna of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Shanxi Science and Technology Publishing House.1997,1-328.[蔡理云,詹心茹,吴文贞等.青藏高原蚤志.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1997,1-328.]
Chen BF,Bai XL,Wang ZC.A survey of the distribution of fleas and faunas in Ningxia.Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control,1994,5(5):368-373.[陈百芳,白学礼,王自存.宁夏蚤类及区系分布调查.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,1994,5(5):368-373.]
Chen NY,Wei SF.Description of a new species of Amphipsylla from Sichuan province,China.With a Discussion of the genus.Sichuan Journal of Zoology,1984,3(1):10-12.[陈宁宇,魏书风.四川省双鬃属一新种记述及分类讨论(蚤目:细蚤科).四川动物,1984,3(1):10-12.]
Gong ZD,Wu HY,Duan XD,Feng XG,Zhang YZ,Liu Q.Species richness and vertical distribution pattern of flea fauna in Hengduan Mountains of western Yunnan,China.Biodiversity Science,2005,13(4):279-289.[龚正达,吴厚永,段兴德,冯锡光,张云智,刘全.云南横断山区蚤类物种丰富度与区系的垂直分布格局.生物多样性.生物多样性,2005,13(4):279-389.]
Guan YH,Zhang JY,Wang CY,Ding J,Bai YY.Flea fauna studies in Liaoning province.Chin J Vector Biol&Control,2017,28(6):576-582.[关玉辉,张家勇,王纯玉,丁俊,白玉银.辽宁省蚤类区系及其分布特征.中国媒介生物学及控制杂志,2017,28(6):576-582.]
Li GZ,Bai XL,Chen BF.A new species of genus Neopsylla in Ningxia(Siphonaptera,Hystrichopsyllidae)Sichuan Journal of Zoology,1986,5(2):1-3.[李贵真,白学礼,陈百芳.宁夏新蚤属一新种记述.四川动物,1986,5(2):1-3.]
Li XL,Chen BF.Survey of flea ticks in Ningxia.Ningxia Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology,1982,6:32-38.[李效岚,陈百芳.宁夏蚤蜱调查报告.宁夏农林科技,1982,6:32-38.]
Liu GY,Yu PH,Wu HY.Faunal composition and vertical distribution of fleas in the easternpaet of Daba Mountains,Hubei province,China.Acta Entomologica Sinica,2007,50(8):813-825.[刘井元,余品红,吴厚永.湖北大巴山东部蚤类区系组成及垂直分布.昆虫学报,2007,50(8):813-825.]
Ma SJ.An introduction to the ecological geography of insects in China.Science Press,Beijing.1958,1-109.[马世骏.中国昆虫生态地理概论.科学出版社,1958,1-109.]
Ningxia Agricultural Geography Group.Agricultural Geography in Ningxia.Science Press,Beijing.1976,1-127.[宁夏农业地理编写组.宁夏农业地理.银川:科学出版学,1976,1-127.]
Qin,CY,Li KC.Glires of Ningxia Autonomous Region and control of them.Ningxia Peoples Publishing House,Yinchuan.2003,1-371.[秦长育,李克昌.宁夏啮齿动物与防制.银川:宁夏人民出版社,2003,90-248.]
Smit FGAM.Siphonaptera of Mongolia.Results of the MongolianGerman biological expeditions since 1962 No.23.Zoosystematics and Evolution,1967,43(1):77-115.
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