诱导承诺在亲环境行为中的作用机制研究
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摘要
本文通过两个现场实验分别考察了解释水平、效能信念两类因素是如何在诱导承诺中发挥作用的。实验一考察了时间、社会、空间这三个解释水平维度如何影响诱导承诺的,实验二考察了个体效能、集体效能这两个效能信念是如何影响承诺行为实施的。最终,我们得出这样的结论:(1)不管高解释水平还是低解释水平,在呈现明显空间距离、社会距离的操控材料时,被试是否做出亲环境行为承诺存在显著差异。(2)无论时间距离、空间距离还是社会距离,高水平解释倾向都更容易提高亲环境行为承诺。除此之外,我们还验证了公开承诺比私下承诺更适合中国文化背景下的亲环境行为激励。
Two field experiments were conducted to examine how the two factors of construal level and efficacy belief influence induced commitment. In Experiment 1,we investigated how the three construal levels,such as temporal,social and spatial,affect the induced commitment. Experiment 2 examined how the two beliefs of individual efficacy and collective efficacy affect the implementation of commitment behavior. Finally,we concluded that:(1) no matter high or low construal levels,there was significant difference in whether the subjects had committed environmental behavior when showing significant spatial distance and social distance control materials.(2) no matter which kind of distance,the high construal level tends to increase pro-environmental behavior commitment more easily. In addition,we also verified that public commitment is more suitable for pro-environmental incentives than private commitments under Chinese cultural background.
Two field experiments were conducted to examine how the two factors of construal level and efficacy belief influence induced commitment. In Experiment 1,we investigated how the three construal levels,such as temporal,social and spatial,affect the induced commitment. Experiment 2 examined how the two beliefs of individual efficacy and collective efficacy affect the implementation of commitment behavior. Finally,we concluded that:(1) no matter high or low construal levels,there was significant difference in whether the subjects had committed environmental behavior when showing significant spatial distance and social distance control materials.(2) no matter which kind of distance,the high construal level tends to increase pro-environmental behavior commitment more easily. In addition,we also verified that public commitment is more suitable for pro-environmental incentives than private commitments under Chinese cultural background.
引文
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[15]HEIDER F.The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations[M].Hoboken,NJ,USA:Wiley,1958.
[16]TROPE Y,LIBERMAN N,WAKSLAK C.Construal levels and psychological distance:Effects on representation,prediction,evaluation,and behavior[J].Journal of consumer psychology,2007,17(2):83-95.
[17]LIVIATAN I,TROPE Y,LIBERMAN N.Interpersonal similarity as a social distance dimension:Implications for perception of others’action[J].Journal of experimental social psychology,2008,44(5):1256-1269.
[18]赵艳,谷悦,孟海亮.北京市大学生绿色消费行为特征研究[J].中国环境管理,2016,8(4):92-95,71-71.
[19]TSAI C I,MCGILL A L.No pain,no gain?How fluency and construal level affect consumer confidence[J].Journal of consumer research,2011,37(5):807-821.
[20]WRIGHT B E.The role of work context in work motivation:A public sector application of goal and social cognitive theories[J].Journal of public administration research and theory,2004,14(1):59-78.
[21]VAN ZOMEREN M,LEACH C W,SPEARS R.Does group efficacy increase group identification?Resolving their paradoxical relationship[J].Journal of experimental social psychology,2010,46(6):1055-1060.
[22]CAPRARA G V,BARBARANELLI C,BORGOGNI L,et al.Efficacy beliefs as determinants of teachers’job satisfaction[J].Journal of educational psychology,2003,95(4):821-832.
[23]SUN H P,SUN W F,GENG Y,et al.Natural resource dependence,public education investment,and human capital accumulation[J].Petroleum science,2018,15(3):657-665.
(1)由于篇幅所限没有提供全文,相关资料可向作者索取。
[2]FESTINGER L.A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance[M].Evanston,IL:Row,Peterson,1957.
[3]LIBERMAN N,TROPE Y.The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions:A test of temporal construal theory[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,1998,75(1):5-18.
[4]LIBERMAN N,SAGRISTANO M D,TROPE Y.The effect of temporal distance on level of mental construal[J].Journal of experimental social psychology,2002,38(6):523-534.
[5]TROPE Y,LIBERMAN N.Temporal construal[J].Psychological review,2003,110(3):403-421.
[6]CHAPMAN M,SKINNER E A,BALTES P B.Interpreting correlations between children’s perceived control and cognitive performance:Control,agency,or means-ends beliefs?[J].Development psychology,1990,26(2):246-253.
[7]BANDURA A.Self-efficacy:Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change[J].Psychological review,1977,84(2):191-215.
[8]BANDURA A.Social Foundations of Thought and Action:A Social Cognitive Theory[M].Englewood Cliffs,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1986.
[9]BANDURA A.Self-Efficacy:the Exercise of Control[M].New York:W.H.Freeman and Company,1997
[10]王鹏,高峰强,隋美荣.集体效能:一种团体研究的主体性视角[J].心理科学进展,2004,12(6):916-923.
[11]SCHILL M,SHAW D.Recycling today,sustainability tomorrow:Effects of psychological distance on behavioural practice[J].European management journal,2016,34(4):349-362.
[12]FUJITA K,HENDERSON M D,ENG J,et al.Spatial distance and mental construal of social events[J].Psychological science,2006,17(4):278-282.
[13]李雁晨,周庭锐,周琇.解释水平理论:从时间距离到心理距离[J].心理科学进展,2009,17(4):667-677.
[14]徐惊蛰,谢晓非.解释水平视角下的自己-他人决策差异[J].心理学报,2011,43(1):11-20.
[15]HEIDER F.The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations[M].Hoboken,NJ,USA:Wiley,1958.
[16]TROPE Y,LIBERMAN N,WAKSLAK C.Construal levels and psychological distance:Effects on representation,prediction,evaluation,and behavior[J].Journal of consumer psychology,2007,17(2):83-95.
[17]LIVIATAN I,TROPE Y,LIBERMAN N.Interpersonal similarity as a social distance dimension:Implications for perception of others’action[J].Journal of experimental social psychology,2008,44(5):1256-1269.
[18]赵艳,谷悦,孟海亮.北京市大学生绿色消费行为特征研究[J].中国环境管理,2016,8(4):92-95,71-71.
[19]TSAI C I,MCGILL A L.No pain,no gain?How fluency and construal level affect consumer confidence[J].Journal of consumer research,2011,37(5):807-821.
[20]WRIGHT B E.The role of work context in work motivation:A public sector application of goal and social cognitive theories[J].Journal of public administration research and theory,2004,14(1):59-78.
[21]VAN ZOMEREN M,LEACH C W,SPEARS R.Does group efficacy increase group identification?Resolving their paradoxical relationship[J].Journal of experimental social psychology,2010,46(6):1055-1060.
[22]CAPRARA G V,BARBARANELLI C,BORGOGNI L,et al.Efficacy beliefs as determinants of teachers’job satisfaction[J].Journal of educational psychology,2003,95(4):821-832.
[23]SUN H P,SUN W F,GENG Y,et al.Natural resource dependence,public education investment,and human capital accumulation[J].Petroleum science,2018,15(3):657-665.
(1)由于篇幅所限没有提供全文,相关资料可向作者索取。