氮肥用量对绿豆品种皖科绿3号农艺性状及氮肥利用率的影响
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摘要
为了研究氮肥用量对绿豆品种皖科绿3号产量的影响,设计4种氮肥水平(0、30、60、90kg/hm~2),对不同处理中植株地上部干物质积累、叶绿素含量、单株荚数、产量等性状进行分析。试验结果表明:增施氮肥有助于提高干物质积累和叶绿素含量,尤其在苗期和开花期可使绿豆保持较高的叶绿素含量。根瘤数量、鲜重和干重随着氮肥施用量的增加表现出先增加后减小的趋势。株高、分枝数随着施氮量的增加而增加。氮肥水平对单株荚数、产量和氮肥农学利用率的影响效果相似,随着氮肥水平的升高,这3种性状表现为先增加后减小的趋势,在60kg/hm~2的氮肥处理达最大值。该结果同时也表明氮肥主要通过单株荚数影响绿豆产量。氮肥偏生产力随着施氮量的增加显著下降。试验结果表明施用适量氮肥可提高绿豆的增产潜力,皖科绿3号在安徽省地区种植的适宜氮肥施用量为60kg/hm~2。
In order to study the effects of nitrogen application levels on yield of mung bean cultivar Wankelü 3,4 nitrogen levels(0,30,60,90 kg/hm2) were designed to analyze the effects of nitrogen levels on shoot dry matter accumulation,chlorophyll content,pods per plant,yield and other traits.The experimental results showed that shoot dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content improved with the increased nitrogen application.Increasing nitrogen level could maintain plant chlorophyll content at a high level,especially at seedling and flowering stage.The number,fresh weight and dry weight of nodule showed a tendency of first increased and then decreased with the increasing of nitrogen application level.Plant height and the number of branches increased with the increasing of nitrogen application level.The effects of nitrogen level on pods per plants,yield,and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen were similar,these three traits showed initial increases and then decreased with the increasing of nitrogen level,the maximum values appeared at the treatment of 60 kg/hm~2 nitrogen.This also indicated that the yield was influenced by the nitrogen fertilizer mainly affected by the pods per plant.The partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen decreased significantly with the increasing of nitrogen application.This study showed that moderate application amount of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield potential of mung bean,and the suitable amount of nitrogen application for Wankelü 3 was 60 kg/hm~2 in Anhui Province.
In order to study the effects of nitrogen application levels on yield of mung bean cultivar Wankelü 3,4 nitrogen levels(0,30,60,90 kg/hm2) were designed to analyze the effects of nitrogen levels on shoot dry matter accumulation,chlorophyll content,pods per plant,yield and other traits.The experimental results showed that shoot dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll content improved with the increased nitrogen application.Increasing nitrogen level could maintain plant chlorophyll content at a high level,especially at seedling and flowering stage.The number,fresh weight and dry weight of nodule showed a tendency of first increased and then decreased with the increasing of nitrogen application level.Plant height and the number of branches increased with the increasing of nitrogen application level.The effects of nitrogen level on pods per plants,yield,and agronomic efficiency of applied nitrogen were similar,these three traits showed initial increases and then decreased with the increasing of nitrogen level,the maximum values appeared at the treatment of 60 kg/hm~2 nitrogen.This also indicated that the yield was influenced by the nitrogen fertilizer mainly affected by the pods per plant.The partial factor productivity of applied nitrogen decreased significantly with the increasing of nitrogen application.This study showed that moderate application amount of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the yield potential of mung bean,and the suitable amount of nitrogen application for Wankelü 3 was 60 kg/hm~2 in Anhui Province.
引文
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[13]孙虎.氮肥对花生根瘤生长发育的影响.现代农业科技,2013(16):25-29.
[14]毛忠顺,董玉梅,秀红学,等.氮肥和种植密度对蚕豆结瘤和生长的影响.作物杂志,2012(3):89-93.
[15]陈剑,谢甫娣,陈振武,等.施肥对不同株型绿豆品种生长发育及产量的影响.华北农学报,2008,23(增刊):298-301.
[16]张瑞栋,曹雄,岳忠孝.氮肥和密度对高粱产量及氮肥利用率的影响.作物杂志,2018(5):110-115.
[2]祁通,刘易,冯耀祖,等.氮肥施用方式对耐盐冬小麦干物质积累和氮素吸收利用的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1288-1293.
[3]Liu X,Zhang Y,Han W,et al.Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China.Nature,2013,494:459-462.
[4]巨晓棠,谷保静.我国农田氮肥施用现状、问题及趋势.植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(4):783-795.
[5]张福锁,王激清,张卫峰,等.中国主要粮食作物肥料利用率现状与提高途径.土壤学报,2008,45(5):915-924.
[6]邢宝龙,王桂梅.不同密度与施氮水平对绿豆的产量效应.山西农业科学,2017,45(8):1276-1278,1320.
[7]王桂梅,邢宝龙,张旭丽,等.氮、磷、钾不同配比对绿豆产量的影响.作物杂志,2015(3):130-132.
[8]刘煜祥,尹凤祥,梁杰,等.氮肥对绿豆氮磷钾积累分配及产量构成因子的影响.作物杂志,2011(3):96-100.
[9]徐新朋,周卫,梁国庆,等.氮肥用量和密度对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(3):763-772.
[10]李贤庸,王楚桃,李顺武,等.一个水稻高叶绿素含量基因的发现.西南农业学报,2002,15(4):122-123.
[11]Borrell A K,Hammer G L.Nitrogen dynamics and the physiological basis of stay-green in sorghum.Crop Science,2000,40:1295-1307.
[12]刘丽君,孙聪姝,刘艳,等.氮肥对大豆结瘤及叶片氮素积累的影响.东北农业大学学报,2005,36(2):133-137.
[13]孙虎.氮肥对花生根瘤生长发育的影响.现代农业科技,2013(16):25-29.
[14]毛忠顺,董玉梅,秀红学,等.氮肥和种植密度对蚕豆结瘤和生长的影响.作物杂志,2012(3):89-93.
[15]陈剑,谢甫娣,陈振武,等.施肥对不同株型绿豆品种生长发育及产量的影响.华北农学报,2008,23(增刊):298-301.
[16]张瑞栋,曹雄,岳忠孝.氮肥和密度对高粱产量及氮肥利用率的影响.作物杂志,2018(5):110-115.