二维非测速条件下声发射震源定位方法试验研究
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摘要
针对岩体工程震源定位问题,基于已有的二维非测速条件下声发射震源定位方法,将传感器布设方式由等腰直角三角形改进为任意三角形,实现传感器布设一般化,并将其推广为适用于岩石材料的震源定位方法。开展花岗岩平板定位试验研究,选取3种典型传感器布设方式(等腰直角三角形、一般直角三角形、等边三角形)验证该方法的适用性。结果表明:(1)采用互相关技术能够准确计算相似波形信号之间相位差及声发射信号到达相邻传感器的时延;(2)震源定位结果均分布在实际震源周边,定位误差较小,且6次重复试验定位结果均方差较小,离散性低;(3) 3种传感器布设方式震源定位结果的较优点比例分别为82.6%,84.0%和71.0%。验证了该定位方法在岩石类非连续介质中的适用性与准确性,相关研究成果可为深部围岩开挖诱发的板裂破坏监测定位提供理论支撑。
Aiming at the problem of source locating in rock engineering,the two-dimensional acoustic emission source locating algorithm without knowing the velocity profile by T. Kundu was modified. The shape of sensor cluster was extended from isosceles right triangle to arbitrary triangle for the generalization of the sensor layout. The modified locating algorithm was verified by a series of tests on a granite plate with three typical sensor layouts(isosceles right triangle,common right triangle and equilateral triangle). The results indicate that time delay of similar waveform between the adjacent sensors can be obtained accurately by means of cross-correlation technique. The located sources are close to the actual source. For each synthetic source,the mean square deviation of six repeated tests is very small. The better points ratios of 3 typical sensor layouts are 82.6%,84.0% and 71.0% respectively,which verified the applicability and accuracy of the source locating algorithm in the discontinuous materials like rock.
Aiming at the problem of source locating in rock engineering,the two-dimensional acoustic emission source locating algorithm without knowing the velocity profile by T. Kundu was modified. The shape of sensor cluster was extended from isosceles right triangle to arbitrary triangle for the generalization of the sensor layout. The modified locating algorithm was verified by a series of tests on a granite plate with three typical sensor layouts(isosceles right triangle,common right triangle and equilateral triangle). The results indicate that time delay of similar waveform between the adjacent sensors can be obtained accurately by means of cross-correlation technique. The located sources are close to the actual source. For each synthetic source,the mean square deviation of six repeated tests is very small. The better points ratios of 3 typical sensor layouts are 82.6%,84.0% and 71.0% respectively,which verified the applicability and accuracy of the source locating algorithm in the discontinuous materials like rock.
引文
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[17]吴顺川,陈子健,张诗淮,等.缓倾地层微震定位算法探讨及其数值验证[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):297-307.(WU Shunchuan,CHEN Zijian,ZHANG Shihuai,et al.Microseismic location algorithm for gently inclined strata and its numerical verification[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):297-307.(in Chinese))
[18]李孟源,尚振东,蔡海潮,等.声发射检测及信号处理[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:52-56.(LI Mengyuan,SHANG Zhendong,CAIHaichao,et al.Acoustic emission detection and signal processing[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:52-56.(in Chinese))
[19]李灏,陈励军.互相关法时延估计中的多径抑制方法[J].声学技术,2013,(5):421-425.(LI Hao,CHEN Lijun.The multipath effect eliminating technique for time delay estimation of cross-correlation method[J].Technical Acoustics,2013,(5):421-425.(in Chinese))
[20]丁守宝,刘富君.无损检测新技术及应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:273-289.(DING Duobao,LIU Fujun.New nondestructive testing technology and its application[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2012:273-289.(in Chinese))
[21]许江,李伊,田傲雪,等.声发射定位精度尺寸效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增1):2 826-2 835.(XUJiang,LI Yi,TIAN Aoxue,et al.Experimental research on size effect of acoustic emission location accuracy[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):2 826-2 835.(in Chinese))
[22]周辉,卢景景,徐荣超,等.深埋硬岩隧洞围岩板裂化破坏研究的关键问题及研究进展[J].岩土力学,2015,36(10):2 737-2 749.(ZHOU Hui,LU Jingjing,XU Rongchao,et al.Critical problems of study of slabbing failure of surrounding rock in deep hard rock tunnel and research progress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(10):2 737-2 749.(in Chinese))
[23]ZHANG C,FENG X T,ZHOU H,et al.Case histories of four extremely intense rockbursts in deep tunnels[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(3):275-288.
[2]李浩然,杨春和.岩石声波-声发射一体化测试装置的研制与应用[J].岩土力学,2016,37(1):287-296.(LI Haoran,YANG Chunhe.Development of a device for rocks acoustic wave and acoustic emission integrative testing and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(1):287-296.(in Chinese))
[3]赵兴东,刘建坡,李元辉,等.岩石声发射定位技术及其实验验证[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(10):1 472-1 476.(ZHAOXingdong,LIU Jianpo,LI Yuanhui,et al.Experimental verification of rock locating technique with acoustic emission[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(10):1 472-1 476.(in Chinese))
[4]周喻,吴顺川,许学良,等.岩石破裂过程中声发射特性的颗粒流分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(5):951-959.(ZHOUYu,WU Shunchuan,XU Xueliang,et al.Particle flow analysis of acoustic emission characteristics during rock failure process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(5):951-959.(in Chinese))
[5]GEIGER L.Probability method for the determination of earthquake epicenters from the arrival time only[J].Bulletin of Saint Louis University,1912,8(1):60-71.
[6]NELDER J A,MEAD R.A simplex method for function minimization[J].The Computer Journal,1965,7(4):308-313.
[7]SAMBRIDGE M S,KENNETT B.A novel method of hypocentre location[J].Geophysical Journal International,1986,87(2):679-697.
[8]TOBIAS A.Acoustic-emission source location in two dimensions by an array of three sensors[J].Non-destructive Testing,1976,9(1):9-12.
[9]何田,肖登红,刘献栋,等.基于近场波束形成法的声发射源定位研究[J].振动工程学报,2012,25(2):199-205.(HE Tian,XIAODenghong,LIU Xiandong,et al.Research of acoustic emission source location based on near-field beam forming[J].Journal of Vibration Engineering,2012,25(2):199-205.(in Chinese))
[10]CIAMPA F,MEO M.A new algorithm for acoustic emission localization and flexural group velocity determination in anisotropic structures[J].Composites Part A:Applied Science and Manufacturing,2010,41(12):1 777-1 786.
[11]姚旭龙,张艳博,孙林,等.基于区域相关性的岩石损伤声发射探测与成像方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(9):2 113-2 123.(YAO Xulong,ZHANG Yanbo,SUN Lin,et al.Research on acoustic emission inspecting and imaging method for rock damage based on regional correlation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(9):2 113-2 123.(in Chinese))
[12]KUNDU T.Acoustic source localization[J].Ultrasonics,2014,54(1):25-38.
[13]KUNDU T,NAKATANI H,TAKEDA N.Acoustic source localization in anisotropic plates[J].Ultrasonics,2012,52(6):740-746.
[14]YIN S,CUI Z,KUNDU T.Acoustic source localization in anisotropic plates with“Z”shaped sensor clusters[J].Ultrasonics,2018,84:34-37.
[15]杨天鸿,李哲,马青海,等.层状黑云变粒岩的波速模型及声发射定位新方法[J].金属矿山,2017,46(7):74-77.(YANG Tianhong,LI Zhe,MA Qinghai,et al.Wave velocity model and new acoustic emission positioning method of layered biotite granulite[J].Metal Mine,2017,46(7):74-77.(in Chinese))
[16]胡新亮,马胜利,高景春,等.相对定位方法在非完整岩体声发射定位中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):277-283.(HUXinliang,MA Shengli,GAO Jingchun,et al.Location of acoustic emission in non-integral rock using relative locating method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):277-283.(in Chinese))
[17]吴顺川,陈子健,张诗淮,等.缓倾地层微震定位算法探讨及其数值验证[J].岩土力学,2018,39(1):297-307.(WU Shunchuan,CHEN Zijian,ZHANG Shihuai,et al.Microseismic location algorithm for gently inclined strata and its numerical verification[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(1):297-307.(in Chinese))
[18]李孟源,尚振东,蔡海潮,等.声发射检测及信号处理[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:52-56.(LI Mengyuan,SHANG Zhendong,CAIHaichao,et al.Acoustic emission detection and signal processing[M].Beijing:Science Press,2010:52-56.(in Chinese))
[19]李灏,陈励军.互相关法时延估计中的多径抑制方法[J].声学技术,2013,(5):421-425.(LI Hao,CHEN Lijun.The multipath effect eliminating technique for time delay estimation of cross-correlation method[J].Technical Acoustics,2013,(5):421-425.(in Chinese))
[20]丁守宝,刘富君.无损检测新技术及应用[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:273-289.(DING Duobao,LIU Fujun.New nondestructive testing technology and its application[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2012:273-289.(in Chinese))
[21]许江,李伊,田傲雪,等.声发射定位精度尺寸效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增1):2 826-2 835.(XUJiang,LI Yi,TIAN Aoxue,et al.Experimental research on size effect of acoustic emission location accuracy[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):2 826-2 835.(in Chinese))
[22]周辉,卢景景,徐荣超,等.深埋硬岩隧洞围岩板裂化破坏研究的关键问题及研究进展[J].岩土力学,2015,36(10):2 737-2 749.(ZHOU Hui,LU Jingjing,XU Rongchao,et al.Critical problems of study of slabbing failure of surrounding rock in deep hard rock tunnel and research progress[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(10):2 737-2 749.(in Chinese))
[23]ZHANG C,FENG X T,ZHOU H,et al.Case histories of four extremely intense rockbursts in deep tunnels[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(3):275-288.