陆地棉和野生斯特提棉种间异源六倍体的合成与性状鉴定
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摘要
陆地棉(Gossypiumhirsutum)是世界上重要的栽培棉种,野生斯特提棉(G.sturtianum)含有陆地棉所缺乏的许多优质基因。本研究通过陆地棉和斯特提棉的远缘杂交和染色体加倍,获得了自交可育的后代植株,对其进行流式细胞倍性检测和花粉母细胞减数分裂观察,筛选出2株染色体组完整的异源六倍体植株。统计鉴定表明,六倍体和亲本及三倍体比较,叶形介于双亲之间,叶面积增大,保卫细胞中叶绿体数明显增多;远缘杂种与亲本在花的表型性状方面差异明显,六倍体的花粉粒直径大于亲本和三倍体;六倍体棉纤维为白色,长度小于母本陆地棉,父本斯特提棉的种子腺体延缓发育性状在异源六倍体中得到表达。这些结果证明通过远缘杂交和加倍成功获得了陆地棉与斯特提棉间可育的异源六倍体新种质,为棉花遗传育种研究提供了有价值的材料。
Gossypium hirsutum is an important cultivated cotton species and G.sturtianum is a wild cotton species with many excellent characteristics.In this study,we obtained fertile offsprings by interspecific distant hybridization and chromosome doubling between G.hirsutum and G.sturtianum.Through flow cytometry and meiosis observation of pollen mother cells,two heterohexaploid plants with complete chromosomes were selected.Further,the characteristic identification of their leaves,flowers and seeds was carried out,showing that the leaf shape of hexaploid was between their parents with increased leaf area,and the number of chloroplasts in guard cells obviously more than that of their parents and triploid.The flowers were significantly different between distant hybrids and their parents,and the pollen grain diameter of hexaploid was larger than that of parents and triploid.The fiber color of hexaploid was white,and the fiber length was shorter than that of G.hirsutum,and the traits of delayed seed gland development coming from G.sturtianum were expressed in the allohexaploid hybrids.These results of synthesized new fertile allohexaploid germplasms between G.hirsutum and G.sturtianum provide new valuable materials for the study of cotton genetics and breeding.
Gossypium hirsutum is an important cultivated cotton species and G.sturtianum is a wild cotton species with many excellent characteristics.In this study,we obtained fertile offsprings by interspecific distant hybridization and chromosome doubling between G.hirsutum and G.sturtianum.Through flow cytometry and meiosis observation of pollen mother cells,two heterohexaploid plants with complete chromosomes were selected.Further,the characteristic identification of their leaves,flowers and seeds was carried out,showing that the leaf shape of hexaploid was between their parents with increased leaf area,and the number of chloroplasts in guard cells obviously more than that of their parents and triploid.The flowers were significantly different between distant hybrids and their parents,and the pollen grain diameter of hexaploid was larger than that of parents and triploid.The fiber color of hexaploid was white,and the fiber length was shorter than that of G.hirsutum,and the traits of delayed seed gland development coming from G.sturtianum were expressed in the allohexaploid hybrids.These results of synthesized new fertile allohexaploid germplasms between G.hirsutum and G.sturtianum provide new valuable materials for the study of cotton genetics and breeding.
引文
[1]Sattler M C,Carvalho C R,Clarindo W R.The polyploidy and its key role in plant breeding.Planta,2016,243:281-296.
[2]Adams K L,Wendel J F.Polyploidy and genome evolution in plants.Curr Opin Plant Biol,2005,8:135-141.
[3]庞朝友,杜雄明,马峙英.具有野生棉外源基因的陆地棉特异种质创造与利用进展.棉花学报,2005,17:171-177.Pang C Y,Du X M,Ma Z Y.Progress of enhancement and utilization of upland cotton elite germplasms with wild cotton genes.Cotton Sci,2005,17:171-177(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]梁正兰.棉花远缘杂交的遗传与育种.北京:科学出版社,1999.pp 1-2.Liang Z L.Heredity and Breeding of Cotton Distant Hybridization.Beijing:Science Press,1999.pp 1-2(in Chinese).
[5]梁正兰,姜茹琴,钟文南,梁理民,王增信,王远,胡芸生,党银侠.陆地棉×Gossypium sturtianum的研究及新品种秦远4号的育成.中国农业科学,1999,32(4):14-19.Liang Z L,Jiang R Q,Zhong W N,Liang L M,Wang Z X,Wang Y,Hu Y S,Dang Y X.Study on the interspecific hybridization of Gossypium hirsutum×G.sturtianum and selection of a new variety Qingyuan 4.Sci Agric Sin,1999,32(4):14-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]张鹿飞,陈弟,施万荣,荣二华,吴玉香.陆地棉与斯特提棉种间杂交及多倍体诱变.分子植物育种,2015,13:2818-2823.Zhang L F,Chen D,Shi W R,Rong E H,Wu Y X.Interspecific cross and polyploidy induction between upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)and wild cotton(G.sturtianum).Mol Plant Breed,2015,13:2818-2823(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]Muramoto H.Hexaploid cotton:some plant and fiber properties.Crop Sci,1969,9:27-29.
[8]姜茹琴,钟文南,梁正兰.陆地棉×斯特提棉种间杂种后代的研究.棉花学报,1990,2:31-35.Jiang R Q,Zhong W N,Liang Z L.Studies on Gossypium hirsutum×G.sturtianum.Cotton Sci,1990,2:31-35(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]李育强,李蒙恩,陈庆祥.栽培棉(4x)与斯特提棉(2x)种间杂种F1的细胞学的研究.石河子大学学报(自然科学版),1990,(3):36-40.Li Y Q,Li M E,Chen Q X.Studies on the cytology of interspecific F1 hybrids of the cultivated cotton(4x)and Gossypium sturtianum Wills(2x).J Shihezi Univ(Nat Sci Edn),1990,(3):36-40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]崔荣霞,胡绍安,王春英.陆地棉×斯特提棉F1及BC1遗传学研究.中国棉花,1995,(12):7-8.Cui R X,Hu S A,Wang C Y.Genetic study on F1 and BC1 of Gossypium hirsutum×G.sturtianum.China Cotton,1995,(12):7-8(in Chinese).
[11]李炳林,祝水金,王红梅,张伯静.种子无腺体植株有腺体棉花异源四倍体新种质的育成和研究.棉花学报,1991,3:27-32.Li B L,Zhu S J,Wang H M,Zhang B J.Bred and studied of a new allotetraploid cotton germplasm with glandless seeds/glanded plant trait.Cotton Sci,1991,3:27-32(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]张天真,张雪林,金林,陈兆夏,郭旺珍.一个新的棉花腺体形成基因的遗传鉴定.作物学报,2001,27:75-79.Zhang T Z,Zhang X L,Jin L,Chen Z X,Guo W Z.Genetic identification of a new gland forming gene in upland cotton.Acta Agron Sin,2001,27:75-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Zhu S J,Jiang Y R,Naganagouda R,Ji D F.Breeding,introgression and inheritance of delayed gland morphogenesis trait from Gossypium bickii into upland cotton germplasm.Chin Sci Bull,2004,49:2470-2476.
[14]祝水金,季道藩,汪若海,王红梅.陆地棉与斯特提棉的种间杂种及其色素腺体性状的遗传研究.遗传学报,1999,26:403-409.Zhu S J,Ji D F,Wang R H,Wang H M.The interspecific hybridization between Gossypium sturtianum Willis and G.hirsutum L.and the inheritance of its pigment gland traits.Acta Genet Sin,1999,26:403-409(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]祝水金,季道藩.澳洲野生棉种子叶色素腺体延缓形成性状的遗传研究.科学通报,2001,46:132-137.Zhu S J,Ji D F.Genetic study on delayed formation of pigment gland in cotyledon of wild cotton from Australia.Chin Sci Bull,2001,46:132-137(in Chinese).
[16]Liu Q,Chen Y,Chen Y,Wang Y Y,Chen J J,Zhang T Z,Zhou BL.A new synthetic allotetraploid(A1A1G2G2)between Gossypium herbaceum and G.australe:bridging for simultaneously transferring favorable genes from these two diploid species into upland cotton.PLoS One,2015,10:e0123209.
[17]吴玉香,陈崇乾,高燕会,祝水金,季道藩.活体保存对栽培棉种间四元杂种育性和染色体构型的影响.棉花学报,2007,19:461-466.Wu Y X,Chen C Q,Gao Y H,Zhu S J,Ji D F.Effect of plant preservation on the fertility and chromosome configuration of a quadri-specific hybrid derived from 4 cultivated cotton species.Cotton Sci,2007,19:461-466(in Chinese with English abstract).
[2]Adams K L,Wendel J F.Polyploidy and genome evolution in plants.Curr Opin Plant Biol,2005,8:135-141.
[3]庞朝友,杜雄明,马峙英.具有野生棉外源基因的陆地棉特异种质创造与利用进展.棉花学报,2005,17:171-177.Pang C Y,Du X M,Ma Z Y.Progress of enhancement and utilization of upland cotton elite germplasms with wild cotton genes.Cotton Sci,2005,17:171-177(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]梁正兰.棉花远缘杂交的遗传与育种.北京:科学出版社,1999.pp 1-2.Liang Z L.Heredity and Breeding of Cotton Distant Hybridization.Beijing:Science Press,1999.pp 1-2(in Chinese).
[5]梁正兰,姜茹琴,钟文南,梁理民,王增信,王远,胡芸生,党银侠.陆地棉×Gossypium sturtianum的研究及新品种秦远4号的育成.中国农业科学,1999,32(4):14-19.Liang Z L,Jiang R Q,Zhong W N,Liang L M,Wang Z X,Wang Y,Hu Y S,Dang Y X.Study on the interspecific hybridization of Gossypium hirsutum×G.sturtianum and selection of a new variety Qingyuan 4.Sci Agric Sin,1999,32(4):14-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]张鹿飞,陈弟,施万荣,荣二华,吴玉香.陆地棉与斯特提棉种间杂交及多倍体诱变.分子植物育种,2015,13:2818-2823.Zhang L F,Chen D,Shi W R,Rong E H,Wu Y X.Interspecific cross and polyploidy induction between upland cotton(Gossypium hirsutum)and wild cotton(G.sturtianum).Mol Plant Breed,2015,13:2818-2823(in Chinese with English abstract).
[7]Muramoto H.Hexaploid cotton:some plant and fiber properties.Crop Sci,1969,9:27-29.
[8]姜茹琴,钟文南,梁正兰.陆地棉×斯特提棉种间杂种后代的研究.棉花学报,1990,2:31-35.Jiang R Q,Zhong W N,Liang Z L.Studies on Gossypium hirsutum×G.sturtianum.Cotton Sci,1990,2:31-35(in Chinese with English abstract).
[9]李育强,李蒙恩,陈庆祥.栽培棉(4x)与斯特提棉(2x)种间杂种F1的细胞学的研究.石河子大学学报(自然科学版),1990,(3):36-40.Li Y Q,Li M E,Chen Q X.Studies on the cytology of interspecific F1 hybrids of the cultivated cotton(4x)and Gossypium sturtianum Wills(2x).J Shihezi Univ(Nat Sci Edn),1990,(3):36-40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[10]崔荣霞,胡绍安,王春英.陆地棉×斯特提棉F1及BC1遗传学研究.中国棉花,1995,(12):7-8.Cui R X,Hu S A,Wang C Y.Genetic study on F1 and BC1 of Gossypium hirsutum×G.sturtianum.China Cotton,1995,(12):7-8(in Chinese).
[11]李炳林,祝水金,王红梅,张伯静.种子无腺体植株有腺体棉花异源四倍体新种质的育成和研究.棉花学报,1991,3:27-32.Li B L,Zhu S J,Wang H M,Zhang B J.Bred and studied of a new allotetraploid cotton germplasm with glandless seeds/glanded plant trait.Cotton Sci,1991,3:27-32(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]张天真,张雪林,金林,陈兆夏,郭旺珍.一个新的棉花腺体形成基因的遗传鉴定.作物学报,2001,27:75-79.Zhang T Z,Zhang X L,Jin L,Chen Z X,Guo W Z.Genetic identification of a new gland forming gene in upland cotton.Acta Agron Sin,2001,27:75-79(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]Zhu S J,Jiang Y R,Naganagouda R,Ji D F.Breeding,introgression and inheritance of delayed gland morphogenesis trait from Gossypium bickii into upland cotton germplasm.Chin Sci Bull,2004,49:2470-2476.
[14]祝水金,季道藩,汪若海,王红梅.陆地棉与斯特提棉的种间杂种及其色素腺体性状的遗传研究.遗传学报,1999,26:403-409.Zhu S J,Ji D F,Wang R H,Wang H M.The interspecific hybridization between Gossypium sturtianum Willis and G.hirsutum L.and the inheritance of its pigment gland traits.Acta Genet Sin,1999,26:403-409(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]祝水金,季道藩.澳洲野生棉种子叶色素腺体延缓形成性状的遗传研究.科学通报,2001,46:132-137.Zhu S J,Ji D F.Genetic study on delayed formation of pigment gland in cotyledon of wild cotton from Australia.Chin Sci Bull,2001,46:132-137(in Chinese).
[16]Liu Q,Chen Y,Chen Y,Wang Y Y,Chen J J,Zhang T Z,Zhou BL.A new synthetic allotetraploid(A1A1G2G2)between Gossypium herbaceum and G.australe:bridging for simultaneously transferring favorable genes from these two diploid species into upland cotton.PLoS One,2015,10:e0123209.
[17]吴玉香,陈崇乾,高燕会,祝水金,季道藩.活体保存对栽培棉种间四元杂种育性和染色体构型的影响.棉花学报,2007,19:461-466.Wu Y X,Chen C Q,Gao Y H,Zhu S J,Ji D F.Effect of plant preservation on the fertility and chromosome configuration of a quadri-specific hybrid derived from 4 cultivated cotton species.Cotton Sci,2007,19:461-466(in Chinese with English abstract).