连续干旱复水对不同基因型玉米苗期根冠补偿能力的影响
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摘要
为了探究调亏灌溉诱导作物补偿效应的机制,采用桶栽试验,以玉米杂交1代(F1)及其父母本为试验材料,分别设置充分供水和连续3次干旱复水2个处理,研究连续干旱复水对夏玉米苗期根冠关系及根冠补偿能力的影响。结果表明:连续干旱复水显著抑制了父本总生物量的积累,与正常供水(对照)相比降低19. 9%,但对F1和母本总生物量积累无显著影响;初次与第2次干旱复水后母本地上部干物质积累大于地下部,第3次干旱复水后干物质向地下部分配的比例增加; 3次干旱复水父本均表现为地下部干物质积累大于地上部; 3次干旱复水后父、母本根冠比较对照分别提高33. 2%,5. 8%,F1在3次干旱复水过程中根冠比均低于对照,第3次干旱复水后根冠比较对照降低7. 3%。3次干旱复水后,F1冠层生长补偿能力显著增加,根系生长补偿无显著变化,两亲本冠层与根系生长补偿能力同步显著降低。可见,对玉米杂交种而言,苗期进行连续多次干旱复水锻炼能促进其地上生长补偿,大田栽培中可利用此原理提高苗期夏玉米干物质积累,增强抗旱能力并提高水分利用效率。
A pot experiment has been conducted to explore the compensation effect on dry matter accumulation induced by successive drought and re-watering. The hybrid maize and its parents were used with two treatments,which was sufficient water supply as CK,and successive drought and re-watering with three times( DR) as T. The results showed that successive drought and re-watering significantly decreased total dry matter accumulation of male parent for 19. 9%,while it was not differed in hybrid and female parent when compared with CK. Dry matter accumulation of female parent was higher in aboveground than in belowground in initial two times of DR,while proportion of dry matter distribution in belowground after three times DR increased,and the dry matter accumulation of male parent showed that belowground was higher than above ground in three times DR,which resulted in higher root/shoot ratio than CK for 33. 2% and 5. 8% in female and male parent respectively. The root/shoot ratio of hybrid maize in each time of DR was lower than CK,which leaded to lower root/shoot ratio by 7. 3% compared to CK. The compensation of shoot growth in hybrid maize increased after three times of drought and re-watering,while it was not showed in root growth. The growth compensation of the two parents were significantly decreased both in shoot and root. The results revealed that compensation effect was more obvious in shoot dry matter accumulation of hybrid maize. This could be used in maize cultivation to improve hybrid maize drought resistance by successive drought and re-watering during seedling stage,by which to increase dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency in seedling of hybrid maize.
A pot experiment has been conducted to explore the compensation effect on dry matter accumulation induced by successive drought and re-watering. The hybrid maize and its parents were used with two treatments,which was sufficient water supply as CK,and successive drought and re-watering with three times( DR) as T. The results showed that successive drought and re-watering significantly decreased total dry matter accumulation of male parent for 19. 9%,while it was not differed in hybrid and female parent when compared with CK. Dry matter accumulation of female parent was higher in aboveground than in belowground in initial two times of DR,while proportion of dry matter distribution in belowground after three times DR increased,and the dry matter accumulation of male parent showed that belowground was higher than above ground in three times DR,which resulted in higher root/shoot ratio than CK for 33. 2% and 5. 8% in female and male parent respectively. The root/shoot ratio of hybrid maize in each time of DR was lower than CK,which leaded to lower root/shoot ratio by 7. 3% compared to CK. The compensation of shoot growth in hybrid maize increased after three times of drought and re-watering,while it was not showed in root growth. The growth compensation of the two parents were significantly decreased both in shoot and root. The results revealed that compensation effect was more obvious in shoot dry matter accumulation of hybrid maize. This could be used in maize cultivation to improve hybrid maize drought resistance by successive drought and re-watering during seedling stage,by which to increase dry matter accumulation and water use efficiency in seedling of hybrid maize.
引文
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[2]苏珮,山仑.拔节期复水对玉米苗期受旱胁迫的补偿效应[J].植物生理学报,1995(5):341-344. doi:10. 13592/j. cnki. ppj. 1995. 05. 005.Su P,Shan L. Compensatory effects of water-recoveryduring jointing stage on maize threated by water stress atseedling period[J]. Plant Physiology Communications,1995(5):341-344. doi:10. 13592/j. cnki. ppj. 1995.05. 005.
[3]梁宗锁,康绍忠,石培泽,潘英华,何立绩.隔沟交替灌溉对玉米根系分布和产量的影响及其节水效益[J].中国农业科学,2000,33(6):26-32. doi:10.3321/j. issn:0578-1752. 2000. 06. 005.Liang Z S,Kang S Z,Shi P Z,Pan Y H,He L J. Effectof alternate furrow irrigation on maize production,rootdensity and water-saving benefit[J]. Scientia AgriculturaSinica,2000,33(6):26-32. doi:10. 3321/j. issn:0578-1752. 2000. 06. 005.
[4] Norwood M. Investigation into the ability of roots of thepoikilohydric plant Craterostigma plantagineum to survivedehydration stress[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2003,54(391):2313-2321. doi:10. 1093/jxb/erg255.
[5]陈彦,朱奇,张永忠.植物超越补偿作用的研究进展[J].自然杂志,2000,22(2):88-91. doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 0253-9608. 2000. 02. 006.Chen Y,Zhu Q,Zhang Y Z. Overcompensation responsesof plants:an overview[J]. Zi Ran za zhi,2000,22(2):88-91. doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 0253-9608. 2000. 02. 006.
[6]赵丽英,邓西平,山仑.持续干旱及复水对玉米幼苗生理生化指标的影响研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(3):64-66. doi:http://ir. iswc. ac. cn/han-dle/361005/1914.Zhao L Y,Deng X P,Shan L. Effects of progressive dr-ying and rewatering on physiological and biochemical in-dicators in maize seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,2004,12(3):64-66. doi:http://ir. iswc.ac. cn/handle/361005/1914.
[7]李文娆,范雨龙,冯士珍,王唤芳.水氮耦合对棉花幼苗根冠生长和水分利用效率的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(9):18-24. doi:10. 15933/j. cnki.1004-3268. 2017. 09. 004.Li W R,Fan Y L,Feng S Z,Wang H F. Effect of cou-pling of water and nitrogen on shoot and root growth andwater use efficiency of cotton seedlings[J]. Journal ofHenan Agricultural Sciences,2017,46(9):18-24. doi:10. 15933/j. cnki. 1004-3268. 2017. 09. 004.
[8] Blackman P G,Davies W J. Root to shoot communicationin maize plants of the effects of soil drying[J]. Journal ofExperimental Botany,1985,36(162):39-48. doi:10.1093/jxb/36. 1. 39.
[9] Li F,Yan X,Guo A,Sbanlun. A discussion on the non-hydraulic root-sourced and life history strategy of wheatcrops[J]. Acta Ecol Sinica,2000,20(3):510-513. doi:10. 3321/j. issn:1000-0933.
[10] Xiong Y C,Li F M,Zhang T. Performance of wheat cropswith different chromosome ploidy:root-sourced signals,drought tolerance,and yield performance[J]. Planta,2006,224(3):710-718. doi:10. 1007/s00425-006-0252-x.
[11]曹丹,陈道钳,吴茜,殷俐娜,邓西平,王仕稳.复水对旱后不同玉米品种植株生长恢复能力及其生理响应特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2015,35(6):1222-1228. doi:10. 7606/j. issn. 1000-4025. 2015.06. 1222.Cao D,Chen D Q,Wu Q,Yan L N,Deng X P,WangS W. Research on rewatering Post-Drought growth recov-ery capacity and physiological characteristics of differentmaize varieties,2015[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occi-dentalia Sinica,2015,35(6):1222-1228. doi:10.7606/j. issn. 1000-4025. 2015. 06. 1222.
[12]慕自新,张岁岐,梁爱华,梁宗锁.玉米整株根系水导与其表型抗旱性的关系[J].作物学报,2005,31(2):203-208. doi:10. 3321/j. issn:0496-3490.2005. 02. 012.Mu Z X,Zhang S Q,Liang A H,Liang Z S. Relation-ship between maize root hydraulic conductivity anddrought resistance[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2005,31(2):203-208. doi:10. 3321/j. issn:0496-3490.2005. 02. 012.
[13]慕自新,张岁岐,郝文芳,梁爱华,梁宗锁.玉米根系形态性状和空间分布对水分利用效率的调控[J].生态学报,2005,25(11):2895-2900. doi:10.3321/j. issn:1000-0933. 2005. 11. 015.Mu Z X,Zhang S Q,Hao W F,Liang A H,Liang Z S.The effect of root morphological traits and spatial distri-bution on WUE in maize[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(11):2895-2900. doi:10. 3321/j. issn:1000-0933. 2005. 11. 015.
[14]刘水,李伏生,韦翔华,农梦玲.分根区交替灌溉对玉米水分利用和土壤微生物量碳的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(8):71-77. doi:10. 3969/j. issn.1002-6819. 2012. 08. 011.Liu S,Li F S,Wei X H,Nong M L. Effects of alternatepartial root-zone irrigation on maize water use and soilmicrobial biomass carbon[J]. Transactions of the Chi-nese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(8):71-77. doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1002-6819. 2012. 08. 011.
[15]丁从慧,申双和,陶苏林,李萌,喻丽.玉米根-冠及叶片水分利用效率对土壤水分的响应[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(10):108-111. doi:10. 15889/j.issn. 1002-1302. 2015. 10. 033.Ding C H,Shen S H,Tao S L,Li M,Yu L. Responseof maize root-shoot and leaf water use efficiency to soilmoisture[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(10):108-111. doi:10. 15889/j. issn. 1002-1302.2015. 10. 033.
[16] Cahill J F. Interactions between root and shoot competi-tion vary among species[J]. Oikos,2002,99(1):101-112. doi:10. 1034/j. 1600-0706. 2002. 990111. x.
[17]山仑,邓西平,苏佩,张岁岐,黄占斌,张正斌.挖掘作物抗旱节水潜力———作物对多变低水环境的适应与调节[J].中国农业科技导报,2000,2(2):66-70. doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1008-0864. 2000. 02. 018.Shan L,Deng X P,Su P,Zhang S Q,Huang Z B,Zhang Z B. Exploitation of crop drought resistance andwater-saving Potentials-Adaptability of the crops to thelow and variable water conditions[J]. Journal of Agri-cultural Science and Technology,2000,2(2):66-70.doi:10. 3969/j. issn. 1008-0864. 2000. 02. 018.
[18] Passioura J B. Roots and drought resistance[J]. Agricul-tural Water Management,1983,7(1/3):265-280.doi:10. 1016/0378-3774(83)90089-6.
[19]陈晓远,高志红,罗远培.植物根冠关系[J].植物生理学通讯,2005,41(5):555-562. doi:10.13592/j. cnki. ppj. 2005. 05. 001.Chen X Y,Gao Z H,Luo Y P. Relationship betweenroot and shoot of plants[J]. Plant Physiology Communi-cations,2005,41(5):555-562. doi:10. 13592/j.cnki. ppj. 2005. 05. 001.
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