贵州习水洞子沟铅锌矿床流体包裹体特征
|
摘要
为探究贵州习水洞子沟铅锌矿床成矿流体性质及来源,对矿床成矿热液期不同阶段寄主矿物中的流体包裹体进行岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼成分分析及氢氧同位素组成特征等系统性研究。结果显示,矿床成矿热液期发育有大量包裹体,并据室温下包裹体成分-相态特征,划分为富液相包裹体、纯液相包裹体和纯气相包裹体。通过流体包裹体相关分析,可知成矿流体均一温度变化范围为130～270℃,盐度变化范围为3.5%～9.5%,并且随成矿作用的进行呈现逐步降低的趋势。流体密度平均值为0.95 g/cm~3,均一压力变化范围为9.39～31.2 MPa,推断静岩深度主要在389～765 m。结合氢氧同位素组成特征,认为成矿流体早期为建造水,中晚期有大气降水的不断加入;属于中低温-中低盐度-中低密度成矿流体,低压浅成成矿环境。
Analyses of petrography, microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes are carried out in order to study the fluid inclusions of different mineralization stages and discuss the property and origin of ore-forming solution for the Dongzigou Pb-Zn deposit in Xishui County of Guizhou Province. It shows there are a lot of inclusions developed in metallogenic hydrothermal phases in the deposit. According to the composition-phase characteristics of inclusions at room temperature, the inclusions can be classified into liquid-rich two phase inclusions, liquid-rich one phase inclusions and vapor-rich one phase inclusions respectively. Correlation analysis of fluid inclusions reveals that the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions is in the range of 130～270℃, salinity is in the range of 3.5%～9.5%, and these values have a gradually decline tendency as the mineralization proceed. The obtained average fluid density is 0.95 g/cm~3 and the metallogenic pressure mainly concentrate in the range of 9.39～31.2 MPa. It is deduced that the lithostatic depth of the ore body formation is in the range of 389～765 m. Through the analysis of hydrogen-oxygen isotope characteristics, it is considered that early stage ore-forming fluid is mainly formation water, with the continuous addition of atmospheric precipitation in the middle and late stage. The ore-forming solution belongs to medium-low temperature, medium-low salinity and medium-low density ones, and the formation of ore is in a low pressure and shallow metallogenic environment.
Analyses of petrography, microthermometry, Raman spectroscopy and hydrogen-oxygen isotopes are carried out in order to study the fluid inclusions of different mineralization stages and discuss the property and origin of ore-forming solution for the Dongzigou Pb-Zn deposit in Xishui County of Guizhou Province. It shows there are a lot of inclusions developed in metallogenic hydrothermal phases in the deposit. According to the composition-phase characteristics of inclusions at room temperature, the inclusions can be classified into liquid-rich two phase inclusions, liquid-rich one phase inclusions and vapor-rich one phase inclusions respectively. Correlation analysis of fluid inclusions reveals that the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions is in the range of 130～270℃, salinity is in the range of 3.5%～9.5%, and these values have a gradually decline tendency as the mineralization proceed. The obtained average fluid density is 0.95 g/cm~3 and the metallogenic pressure mainly concentrate in the range of 9.39～31.2 MPa. It is deduced that the lithostatic depth of the ore body formation is in the range of 389～765 m. Through the analysis of hydrogen-oxygen isotope characteristics, it is considered that early stage ore-forming fluid is mainly formation water, with the continuous addition of atmospheric precipitation in the middle and late stage. The ore-forming solution belongs to medium-low temperature, medium-low salinity and medium-low density ones, and the formation of ore is in a low pressure and shallow metallogenic environment.
引文
[1] 刘金海.贵州习水桑木场铅锌成矿带地质特征及找矿潜力[J].贵州地质,2010,27(3):193-197.Liu J H.Geologic characters and prospecting potential of Sangmuchang lead-zinc metallogenic zone in Xishui,Guizhou[J].Geology of Guizhou,2010,27(3):193-197.(in Chinese)
[2] 冯学仕,王尚彦.贵州省区域矿床成矿系列与成矿规律[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.Feng X S,Wang S Y.Metallogenic Series and Metallogenic Regularity of Regional Deposits in Guizhou Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese)
[3] 金中国,戴塔根,张应文,等.贵州水城铅锌矿带成矿条件及控矿因素与成因[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(5):491-494.Jin Z G,Dai T G,Zhang Y W,et al.Study of ore controlling conditions and metallogenic regularity in Shuicheng lead-zinc ore zone,Guizhou[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,2005,19(5):491-494.(in Chinese)
[4] 张燕,陈翠华,刘树根,等.贵州习水洞子沟铅锌矿稀土微量元素地球化学特征及其成因初探[J].矿物学报,2011,31(增刊1):232-233.Zhang Y,Chen C H,Liu S G,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genesis of rare earth trace elements in Xishui Dongzigou lead-zinc deposit,Guizhou Province[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2011,31(S1):232-233.(in Chinese)
[5] 宋小文,侯满堂,陈如意.陕西省矿床成矿系列的初步划分[J].陕西地质,2003,(2):1-18.Song X W,Hou M T,Chen R Y.The compartmentalization of minerals sequence of mineral deposits in shaanxi Province[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2003,(2):1-18.(in Chinese)
[6] 宋小文,侯满堂,朱经祥,等.陕西旬阳地区志留系铅锌矿矿集区特征及其成因初探[J].陕西地质,2003,21(1):1-9.Song X W,Hou M T,Zhu J X,et al.The genesis and the lead-zinc mineralized zones in the Silurian system in Xunyang area of Shaanxi Province[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2003,21(1):1-9.(in Chinese)
[7] 侯满堂,王党国,高杰,等.陕西马元地区铅锌矿矿石特征研究[J].陕西地质,2007,25(1):1-11.Hou M T,Wang D G,Gao J,et al.Characteristics of lead-zinc ores in the Mayuan region of Shaanxi[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2007,25(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
[8] 侯满堂,王党国,杨宗让,等.陕西马元地区铅锌矿地质特征及找矿远景[J].中国地质,2007,34(1):101-109.Hou M T,Wang D G,Yang Z R,et al.Geological characteristics of lead-zinc mineralized zones in the Mayuan area,Shaanxi,and their ore prospects[J].Geology in China,2007,34(1):101-109.(in Chinese)
[9] 李厚民,陈毓川,王登红,等.陕西南郑地区马元锌矿的地球化学特征及成矿时代[J].地质通报,2007,26(5):546-552.Li H M,Chen M C,Wang D H,et al.Geochemical characteristics and metallogenic age of Mayuan lead-zinc deposit in Nanzheng area,Shaanxi Province[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(5):546-552.(in Chinese)
[10] 李亮.吉林省夹皮沟—海沟金成矿带金矿床成矿流体特征与深部成矿潜力评价[D].长春:吉林大学档案馆,2016.Li L.Research on Ore-Forming Fluids of Gold Deposits in Jiapigou-Haigou Gold Belt,Jilin Province and Deep-Seated Metallogenic Assessment[D].Changchun:Th Archive of Jilin University,2016.(in Chinese)
[11] 李波.滇东北地区会泽、松梁铅锌矿床流体地球化学与构造地球化学研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学档案馆,2010.Li B.The Study of Fluid Inclusions Geochemistry and Tectonic Geochemistry of Lead-Zinc Deposits:Taking Huize and Songliang Lead-Zinc Deposits for Examples,in the Northeast of Yunnan Province,China[D].Kunming:The Archive of Kunming University of Science and Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
[12] 张金玲.黔西南卡林型金矿床成矿流体特征及其研究意义[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2013.Zhang J L.Characteristics of Ore-Forming Fluid of Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in Southwestern Guizhou and its Significance[D].Chengdu:The Archive of Chengdu University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese).
[13] 贵州108地质队.区域地质调查报告(桐梓幅)[R].贵州:贵州省地质资料馆,1978.Guizhou 108 Geological Team.Regional Geological Survey Report(Tongzi)[R].Guizhou:Guizhou Province Geological Archive,1978.(in Chinese).
[14] Clayton R N,O’Neil J R,Mayeda T K.Oxygen isotope exchange between quartz and water[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1972,77(17):3057-3067.
[15] 卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培,等.流体包裹休[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:487.Lu H Z,Fan H R,Ni P,et al.Fluid Inclusions[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:487.(in Chinese)
[16] Hall D L,Sterner S M,Bondnar R J.Freezing point depression of NaCl-KCl-H2O solutions[J].Economic Geology,1988,83:197-202.
[17] Taylor B E.Magmatic volatiles:Isotope variation of C,H and S[J].Reviews in Mineralogy,1986,16(1):185-225.
[18] 张理刚.稳定同位素在地质科学中的应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1985.Zhang L G.The Application of the Stable Isotope to Geology[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1985.
[19] Bodnar R J.A method of calculating fluid inclusion volumes based on vapor bubble diameters and PVTX properties of inclusion fluids[J].Economic Geology,1983,78:535-542.
[20] Hass J L.The effect of salinity on the maximum thermal gradient of a hydrothermal system at hydrostatic pressure[J].Economic Geology,1971,66(6):940-946.
[21] 冶金工业部长春黄金研究所.金银矿产选集(第一集)[M].长春:冶金工业部长春黄金研究所,1984.Changchun Gold Research Institute.Selection of Gold and Silver Minerals:The First Episode[M].Changchun:Changchun Gold Research Institute,1984.(in Chinese)
[22] Shepherd T J,Rankin A H,Alderton D H M.A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies[M].Blackie:Chapman & Hall,1985.
[23] 张长青.中国川滇黔交界地区密西西比型(MVT)铅锌矿床成矿模型[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2008.Zhang C Q.The Genetic Model of Mississippi Valley-Type Deposits in the Boundary Area of Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces,China[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,2008.(in Chinese)
[2] 冯学仕,王尚彦.贵州省区域矿床成矿系列与成矿规律[M].北京:地质出版社,2004.Feng X S,Wang S Y.Metallogenic Series and Metallogenic Regularity of Regional Deposits in Guizhou Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese)
[3] 金中国,戴塔根,张应文,等.贵州水城铅锌矿带成矿条件及控矿因素与成因[J].矿产与地质,2005,19(5):491-494.Jin Z G,Dai T G,Zhang Y W,et al.Study of ore controlling conditions and metallogenic regularity in Shuicheng lead-zinc ore zone,Guizhou[J].Mineral Resources and Geology,2005,19(5):491-494.(in Chinese)
[4] 张燕,陈翠华,刘树根,等.贵州习水洞子沟铅锌矿稀土微量元素地球化学特征及其成因初探[J].矿物学报,2011,31(增刊1):232-233.Zhang Y,Chen C H,Liu S G,et al.Geochemical characteristics and genesis of rare earth trace elements in Xishui Dongzigou lead-zinc deposit,Guizhou Province[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2011,31(S1):232-233.(in Chinese)
[5] 宋小文,侯满堂,陈如意.陕西省矿床成矿系列的初步划分[J].陕西地质,2003,(2):1-18.Song X W,Hou M T,Chen R Y.The compartmentalization of minerals sequence of mineral deposits in shaanxi Province[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2003,(2):1-18.(in Chinese)
[6] 宋小文,侯满堂,朱经祥,等.陕西旬阳地区志留系铅锌矿矿集区特征及其成因初探[J].陕西地质,2003,21(1):1-9.Song X W,Hou M T,Zhu J X,et al.The genesis and the lead-zinc mineralized zones in the Silurian system in Xunyang area of Shaanxi Province[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2003,21(1):1-9.(in Chinese)
[7] 侯满堂,王党国,高杰,等.陕西马元地区铅锌矿矿石特征研究[J].陕西地质,2007,25(1):1-11.Hou M T,Wang D G,Gao J,et al.Characteristics of lead-zinc ores in the Mayuan region of Shaanxi[J].Geology of Shaanxi,2007,25(1):1-11.(in Chinese)
[8] 侯满堂,王党国,杨宗让,等.陕西马元地区铅锌矿地质特征及找矿远景[J].中国地质,2007,34(1):101-109.Hou M T,Wang D G,Yang Z R,et al.Geological characteristics of lead-zinc mineralized zones in the Mayuan area,Shaanxi,and their ore prospects[J].Geology in China,2007,34(1):101-109.(in Chinese)
[9] 李厚民,陈毓川,王登红,等.陕西南郑地区马元锌矿的地球化学特征及成矿时代[J].地质通报,2007,26(5):546-552.Li H M,Chen M C,Wang D H,et al.Geochemical characteristics and metallogenic age of Mayuan lead-zinc deposit in Nanzheng area,Shaanxi Province[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(5):546-552.(in Chinese)
[10] 李亮.吉林省夹皮沟—海沟金成矿带金矿床成矿流体特征与深部成矿潜力评价[D].长春:吉林大学档案馆,2016.Li L.Research on Ore-Forming Fluids of Gold Deposits in Jiapigou-Haigou Gold Belt,Jilin Province and Deep-Seated Metallogenic Assessment[D].Changchun:Th Archive of Jilin University,2016.(in Chinese)
[11] 李波.滇东北地区会泽、松梁铅锌矿床流体地球化学与构造地球化学研究[D].昆明:昆明理工大学档案馆,2010.Li B.The Study of Fluid Inclusions Geochemistry and Tectonic Geochemistry of Lead-Zinc Deposits:Taking Huize and Songliang Lead-Zinc Deposits for Examples,in the Northeast of Yunnan Province,China[D].Kunming:The Archive of Kunming University of Science and Technology,2010.(in Chinese)
[12] 张金玲.黔西南卡林型金矿床成矿流体特征及其研究意义[D].成都:成都理工大学档案馆,2013.Zhang J L.Characteristics of Ore-Forming Fluid of Carlin-Type Gold Deposit in Southwestern Guizhou and its Significance[D].Chengdu:The Archive of Chengdu University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese).
[13] 贵州108地质队.区域地质调查报告(桐梓幅)[R].贵州:贵州省地质资料馆,1978.Guizhou 108 Geological Team.Regional Geological Survey Report(Tongzi)[R].Guizhou:Guizhou Province Geological Archive,1978.(in Chinese).
[14] Clayton R N,O’Neil J R,Mayeda T K.Oxygen isotope exchange between quartz and water[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,1972,77(17):3057-3067.
[15] 卢焕章,范宏瑞,倪培,等.流体包裹休[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:487.Lu H Z,Fan H R,Ni P,et al.Fluid Inclusions[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004:487.(in Chinese)
[16] Hall D L,Sterner S M,Bondnar R J.Freezing point depression of NaCl-KCl-H2O solutions[J].Economic Geology,1988,83:197-202.
[17] Taylor B E.Magmatic volatiles:Isotope variation of C,H and S[J].Reviews in Mineralogy,1986,16(1):185-225.
[18] 张理刚.稳定同位素在地质科学中的应用[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1985.Zhang L G.The Application of the Stable Isotope to Geology[M].Xi’an:Shaanxi Science and Technology Press,1985.
[19] Bodnar R J.A method of calculating fluid inclusion volumes based on vapor bubble diameters and PVTX properties of inclusion fluids[J].Economic Geology,1983,78:535-542.
[20] Hass J L.The effect of salinity on the maximum thermal gradient of a hydrothermal system at hydrostatic pressure[J].Economic Geology,1971,66(6):940-946.
[21] 冶金工业部长春黄金研究所.金银矿产选集(第一集)[M].长春:冶金工业部长春黄金研究所,1984.Changchun Gold Research Institute.Selection of Gold and Silver Minerals:The First Episode[M].Changchun:Changchun Gold Research Institute,1984.(in Chinese)
[22] Shepherd T J,Rankin A H,Alderton D H M.A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies[M].Blackie:Chapman & Hall,1985.
[23] 张长青.中国川滇黔交界地区密西西比型(MVT)铅锌矿床成矿模型[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2008.Zhang C Q.The Genetic Model of Mississippi Valley-Type Deposits in the Boundary Area of Sichuan,Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces,China[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,2008.(in Chinese)