甘蔗滤泥生物有机肥对茄子的施用效果
|
摘要
【目的】分析甘蔗滤泥生物有机肥对茄子的施用效果,为其在蔬菜生产上的推广应用提供参考依据。【方法】以茄子为试验材料,设不施肥(对照,CK)、施复合肥、施75%复合肥+25%甘蔗滤泥生物有机肥、施50%复合肥+50%甘蔗滤泥生物有机肥和施25%复合肥+75%甘蔗滤泥生物有机肥共5个处理(分别为处理I～处理Ⅴ),分3批次取样测定分析不同处理茄子的农艺性状、养分吸收量、品质、产量和经济效益等指标。【结果】处理Ⅱ～处理Ⅴ和CK对第1、2批次取样茄子的株高、茎粗、冠幅横径、果实长度和粗度及单果重均无显著影响(P>0.05,下同);第3批次取样处理Ⅳ的株高、茎粗、冠幅横径及每小区总果数均明显优于其他处理。综合各农艺性状指标可知,处理Ⅳ的施肥配比(50%复合肥+50%甘蔗滤泥生物有机肥)是茄子施用甘蔗滤泥生物有机肥的最佳模式。除维生素C(Vc)总量外,处理Ⅳ茄子果实的其他养分吸收量及品质指标均最佳,处理V茄子果实的养分吸收量及品质在所有施肥处理中均最差。处理Ⅳ茄子的产量、经济效益和纯收入均最高,其中3批次取样的总纯收入(338323.3元/ha)分别比CK及处理Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅴ高14.06%、0.84%、6.75%和21.92%。【结论】施用50%复合肥+50%甘蔗滤泥生物有机肥的茄子农艺性状、产量、经济效益及纯收入均较佳,该施肥配比可在茄子生产上推广应用。
【Objective】Effects of sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure on eggplant were studied to provide theoretical basis for the promotion of its application in vegetable production.【Method】Five different fertilization proportions including no fertilizer(control,CK,also set asⅠ),compound fertilizer(II),75% compound fertilizer+25% sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure(III),50% compound fertilizer+50% sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure(IV)and 25% compound fertilizer+75% sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure(V)were applied to eggplant. The agronomic characters,nutrient absorption,quality and yield of eggplant under different fertilization treatments were determined from three samplings.【Result】The results showed that treatments Ⅱ-Ⅴ and CK had no significant effects on plant height,stem diameter,transverse crown diameter,length and diameter of eggplant in the first and second samplings(P>0.05,the same below).The plant height,crown diameter,transverse crown diameter and eggplant number per plot in Ⅳ in the third sampling were be-tter than other treatments. The agronomic traits analysis indicated that 50% sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure(IV)was the optimal sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure fertilization for eggplant. Except the vitamin C(Vc)content,the results of other nutrients absorption and quality indexes in IV were the best. Nutrients absorption and quality indexes in V were the worst. Yield,economic benefit and net income in Ⅳ treatment were the best. The total net income(338323.3 yuan/ha)of the three samplings were 14.06%,0.84%,6.75% and 21.92% higher than CK Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ respectively.【Conclusion】Agronomic traits,yield,economic benefits and net income under 50% compound fertilizer+50%sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure perform well,therefore this proportion can be promoted in eggplant production.
【Objective】Effects of sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure on eggplant were studied to provide theoretical basis for the promotion of its application in vegetable production.【Method】Five different fertilization proportions including no fertilizer(control,CK,also set asⅠ),compound fertilizer(II),75% compound fertilizer+25% sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure(III),50% compound fertilizer+50% sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure(IV)and 25% compound fertilizer+75% sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure(V)were applied to eggplant. The agronomic characters,nutrient absorption,quality and yield of eggplant under different fertilization treatments were determined from three samplings.【Result】The results showed that treatments Ⅱ-Ⅴ and CK had no significant effects on plant height,stem diameter,transverse crown diameter,length and diameter of eggplant in the first and second samplings(P>0.05,the same below).The plant height,crown diameter,transverse crown diameter and eggplant number per plot in Ⅳ in the third sampling were be-tter than other treatments. The agronomic traits analysis indicated that 50% sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure(IV)was the optimal sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure fertilization for eggplant. Except the vitamin C(Vc)content,the results of other nutrients absorption and quality indexes in IV were the best. Nutrients absorption and quality indexes in V were the worst. Yield,economic benefit and net income in Ⅳ treatment were the best. The total net income(338323.3 yuan/ha)of the three samplings were 14.06%,0.84%,6.75% and 21.92% higher than CK Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ respectively.【Conclusion】Agronomic traits,yield,economic benefits and net income under 50% compound fertilizer+50%sugarcane filter mud bio-organic manure perform well,therefore this proportion can be promoted in eggplant production.
引文
陈贵,赵国华,张红梅,沈亚强,汪峰,程旺大.2017.长期施用有机肥对水稻产量和氮磷养分利用效率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,(1):92-97.[Chen G,Zhao G H,Zhang H M,Shen Y Q,Wang F,Cheng W D.2017.Effect of long-tern organic fertilizers application on rice yield,nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency[J].Soiland Fertilizer Sciences in China,(1):92-97.]
崔崧,韩晓日,邹国元.2006.不同有机肥用量对黄瓜生长及养分吸收的影响[J].华北农学报,21(1):125-128.[Cui S,Han X R,Zou G Y.2006.Effect of different rate of organic fertilizer on growth of cucumber and its nutrients uptake[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali Sinica,21(1):125-128.]
樊保宁,方锋学,游建华,何永群,陈金洪.2013.蔗糖滤泥发酵腐熟菌剂筛选试验[J].南方农业学报,44(12):2014-2017.[Fan B N,Fang F X,You J H,He Y Q,Chen J H.2013.Selection of microbial agent for fermenting sucrose filter mud[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,44(12):2014-2017.]
李吉进,宋东涛,邹国元,张青,聂俊华.2008.不同有机肥料对番茄生长及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,24(10):300-305.[Li J J,Song D T,Zou G Y,Zhang Q,Nie J H.2008.Effects of different organic fertilizers on growth and quality of tomato[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,24(10):300-305.]
李琴,苏天明,秦芳,苏利荣,韦彩会,曾成城.2018.甘蔗滤泥有机肥对盐渍化土壤牛角椒产量和性状的影响[J].辣椒杂志,16(1):29-34.[Li Q,Su T M,Qin F,Su L R,Wei C H,Zeng C C.2018.Effect of sugarcane filter mud organic manure on yield and traits of horn pepper in salty soil[J].Journal of China Capsicum,16(1):29-34.]
刘畅,李季,杨合法.2006.有机、无公害与常规蔬菜生产模式土壤及植株性状比较研究初报[J].中国生态农业学报,14(2):191-194.[Liu C,Li J,Yang H F.2006.Comparison of soil and plant characteristics in organic integrated and conventional cultivation patterns of vegetable production[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,14(2):191-194.]
刘小粉,刘春增,李本银,王守刚.2012.用分形理论评价长期施肥对土壤理化性质的影响[J].河南农业科学,41(4):78-81.[Liu X F,Liu C Z,Li B Y,Wang S G.2012.E-ffects of long-term fertilization on soil properties using fractal theory[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,41(4):78-81.]
陆海勤,史昌蓉,黄耘,徐勇士,周昊,杭方学,谢庭休,李凯.2015.利用甘蔗渣和亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥栽培双孢蘑菇[J].食用菌学报,22(4):31-36.[Lu H Q,Shi C R,Huang Y,Xu Y S,Zhou H,Hang F X,Xie T X,Li K.2015.Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus using bagasse and sulfitation cake[J].Acta Edulis Fungl,22(4):31-36.]
卢浩宇,文浩,易镇邪,周铁军.2017.施氮量与无机有机肥配施比例对紫米稻产量形成与米质的影响[J].作物杂志,(6):147-153.[Lu H Y,Wen H,Yi Z X,Zhou T J.2017.Effects of nitrogen application rate and ratio of inorganic and organic fertilizers on yield foamation and rice quality of purple rice[J].Crops,(6):147-153.]
罗为群,蒋忠诚,赵草著,杨富军,邓艳.2009.亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥改良石灰土试验研究[J].农业现代化研究,30(2):248-252.[Luo W Q,Jiang Z C,Zhao C Z,Yang F J,Deng Y.2009.Study on calcareous soil amelioration with filtered sludge of sugar refinery[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,30(2):248-252.]
马忠明,王平,陈娟,包兴国.2016.适量有机肥与氮肥配施方可提高河西绿洲土壤肥力及作物生产效益[J].植物营养与肥料学报,22(5):1298-1309.[Ma Z M,Wang P,Chen J,Bao X G.2016.Combined long-term application of organic materials with nitrogen fertilizer in suitable amount could improve soil fertility and crop production profit in Hexi Oasis of Gansu Province[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,22(5):1298-1309.]
乔旭,黄爱军,褚贵新,陈兴武,雷均杰.2011.有机与无机肥配施对小麦土壤速效养分、酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,48(8):1399-1403.[Qiao X,Huang AJ,Chu G X,Chen X W,Lei J J.2011.Effects of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation on available soil nutrition,enzyme activity and microorganism quantity in wheat[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,48(8):1399-1403.]
谭宏伟,周柳强,谢如林,黄美福,谢刚,黄春荣,覃懿.2016.蔗糖生产中的有机废弃物资源化利用研究[J].大众科技,18(5):110-112.[Tan H W,Zhou L Q,Xie R L,Huang M F,Xie G,Huang C R,Qin Y.2016.Application of organic discarded goods in cane sugar production[J].Popular Science&Technology,18(5):110-112.]
曾成城,苏天明,秦芳,苏利荣,韦彩会,唐红琴,张野,李忠义.2018.施用甘蔗糖厂滤泥有机肥对菜心生长的影响[J].西南农业学报,31(4):796-801.[Zeng C C,Su TM,Qin F,Su L R,Wei C H,Tang H Q,Zhang Y,Li Z Y.2018.Application effects of organic manure from sugarcane filter on Chinese flowering cabbage[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Science,31(4):796-801.]
张瑞,董琦,王爱萍,杨绣娟,赵杰,范晋波,王颂宇.2017.等氮条件下有机无机肥配施对小麦光合特性和群体结构的影响[J].激光生物学报,26(3):281-288.[Zhang R,Dong Q,Wang Q P,Yang X J,Zhao J,Fan J B,Wang SY.2017.Effects of partially replacement of inorganic Nwith organic materials on photosynthetic characteristic of wheat and population structure under the same N put[J].Acta Laser Biology Sinic,26(3):281-288.]
钟帅,扈强,王玉强,叶为民.2016.不同比例生物有机肥和复合肥混施对重庆地区烟叶农艺性状和品质的影响[J].热带农业工程,40(2):46-49.[Zhong S,Hu Q,Wang YQ,Ye W M.2016.Effect of combined application of bioorganic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on tobacco leaf in Chongqing area[J].Tropical Agricultural Engineering,40(2):46-49.]
邹原东,范继红.2013.有机肥施用对土壤肥力影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,29(3):12-16.[Zou Y D,Fan J H.2013.Review on effect of organic fertilizer on fertility[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,29(3):12-16.]
Chung H,Park M,Madhaiyan M,Seshadri S,Song J,Cho H,Sa T.2005.Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of crop plants of Korea[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37(10):1970-1974.
Hassan E A,Ali E F,Ali A F.2010.The enhancement of plant growth,yield and some chemical constituents of dill(Anethum graveolens L.)plants by filter mud cake and potassin treatments[J].Australian Journal of Basic&A-pplied Sciences,5(4):948-956.
崔崧,韩晓日,邹国元.2006.不同有机肥用量对黄瓜生长及养分吸收的影响[J].华北农学报,21(1):125-128.[Cui S,Han X R,Zou G Y.2006.Effect of different rate of organic fertilizer on growth of cucumber and its nutrients uptake[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali Sinica,21(1):125-128.]
樊保宁,方锋学,游建华,何永群,陈金洪.2013.蔗糖滤泥发酵腐熟菌剂筛选试验[J].南方农业学报,44(12):2014-2017.[Fan B N,Fang F X,You J H,He Y Q,Chen J H.2013.Selection of microbial agent for fermenting sucrose filter mud[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,44(12):2014-2017.]
李吉进,宋东涛,邹国元,张青,聂俊华.2008.不同有机肥料对番茄生长及品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,24(10):300-305.[Li J J,Song D T,Zou G Y,Zhang Q,Nie J H.2008.Effects of different organic fertilizers on growth and quality of tomato[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,24(10):300-305.]
李琴,苏天明,秦芳,苏利荣,韦彩会,曾成城.2018.甘蔗滤泥有机肥对盐渍化土壤牛角椒产量和性状的影响[J].辣椒杂志,16(1):29-34.[Li Q,Su T M,Qin F,Su L R,Wei C H,Zeng C C.2018.Effect of sugarcane filter mud organic manure on yield and traits of horn pepper in salty soil[J].Journal of China Capsicum,16(1):29-34.]
刘畅,李季,杨合法.2006.有机、无公害与常规蔬菜生产模式土壤及植株性状比较研究初报[J].中国生态农业学报,14(2):191-194.[Liu C,Li J,Yang H F.2006.Comparison of soil and plant characteristics in organic integrated and conventional cultivation patterns of vegetable production[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-agriculture,14(2):191-194.]
刘小粉,刘春增,李本银,王守刚.2012.用分形理论评价长期施肥对土壤理化性质的影响[J].河南农业科学,41(4):78-81.[Liu X F,Liu C Z,Li B Y,Wang S G.2012.E-ffects of long-term fertilization on soil properties using fractal theory[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,41(4):78-81.]
陆海勤,史昌蓉,黄耘,徐勇士,周昊,杭方学,谢庭休,李凯.2015.利用甘蔗渣和亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥栽培双孢蘑菇[J].食用菌学报,22(4):31-36.[Lu H Q,Shi C R,Huang Y,Xu Y S,Zhou H,Hang F X,Xie T X,Li K.2015.Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus using bagasse and sulfitation cake[J].Acta Edulis Fungl,22(4):31-36.]
卢浩宇,文浩,易镇邪,周铁军.2017.施氮量与无机有机肥配施比例对紫米稻产量形成与米质的影响[J].作物杂志,(6):147-153.[Lu H Y,Wen H,Yi Z X,Zhou T J.2017.Effects of nitrogen application rate and ratio of inorganic and organic fertilizers on yield foamation and rice quality of purple rice[J].Crops,(6):147-153.]
罗为群,蒋忠诚,赵草著,杨富军,邓艳.2009.亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥改良石灰土试验研究[J].农业现代化研究,30(2):248-252.[Luo W Q,Jiang Z C,Zhao C Z,Yang F J,Deng Y.2009.Study on calcareous soil amelioration with filtered sludge of sugar refinery[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,30(2):248-252.]
马忠明,王平,陈娟,包兴国.2016.适量有机肥与氮肥配施方可提高河西绿洲土壤肥力及作物生产效益[J].植物营养与肥料学报,22(5):1298-1309.[Ma Z M,Wang P,Chen J,Bao X G.2016.Combined long-term application of organic materials with nitrogen fertilizer in suitable amount could improve soil fertility and crop production profit in Hexi Oasis of Gansu Province[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,22(5):1298-1309.]
乔旭,黄爱军,褚贵新,陈兴武,雷均杰.2011.有机与无机肥配施对小麦土壤速效养分、酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J].新疆农业科学,48(8):1399-1403.[Qiao X,Huang AJ,Chu G X,Chen X W,Lei J J.2011.Effects of inorganic-organic fertilizer incorporation on available soil nutrition,enzyme activity and microorganism quantity in wheat[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,48(8):1399-1403.]
谭宏伟,周柳强,谢如林,黄美福,谢刚,黄春荣,覃懿.2016.蔗糖生产中的有机废弃物资源化利用研究[J].大众科技,18(5):110-112.[Tan H W,Zhou L Q,Xie R L,Huang M F,Xie G,Huang C R,Qin Y.2016.Application of organic discarded goods in cane sugar production[J].Popular Science&Technology,18(5):110-112.]
曾成城,苏天明,秦芳,苏利荣,韦彩会,唐红琴,张野,李忠义.2018.施用甘蔗糖厂滤泥有机肥对菜心生长的影响[J].西南农业学报,31(4):796-801.[Zeng C C,Su TM,Qin F,Su L R,Wei C H,Tang H Q,Zhang Y,Li Z Y.2018.Application effects of organic manure from sugarcane filter on Chinese flowering cabbage[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Science,31(4):796-801.]
张瑞,董琦,王爱萍,杨绣娟,赵杰,范晋波,王颂宇.2017.等氮条件下有机无机肥配施对小麦光合特性和群体结构的影响[J].激光生物学报,26(3):281-288.[Zhang R,Dong Q,Wang Q P,Yang X J,Zhao J,Fan J B,Wang SY.2017.Effects of partially replacement of inorganic Nwith organic materials on photosynthetic characteristic of wheat and population structure under the same N put[J].Acta Laser Biology Sinic,26(3):281-288.]
钟帅,扈强,王玉强,叶为民.2016.不同比例生物有机肥和复合肥混施对重庆地区烟叶农艺性状和品质的影响[J].热带农业工程,40(2):46-49.[Zhong S,Hu Q,Wang YQ,Ye W M.2016.Effect of combined application of bioorganic fertilizer and compound fertilizer on tobacco leaf in Chongqing area[J].Tropical Agricultural Engineering,40(2):46-49.]
邹原东,范继红.2013.有机肥施用对土壤肥力影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,29(3):12-16.[Zou Y D,Fan J H.2013.Review on effect of organic fertilizer on fertility[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,29(3):12-16.]
Chung H,Park M,Madhaiyan M,Seshadri S,Song J,Cho H,Sa T.2005.Isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria from the rhizosphere of crop plants of Korea[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,37(10):1970-1974.
Hassan E A,Ali E F,Ali A F.2010.The enhancement of plant growth,yield and some chemical constituents of dill(Anethum graveolens L.)plants by filter mud cake and potassin treatments[J].Australian Journal of Basic&A-pplied Sciences,5(4):948-956.