1983—2015年湖南雨凇时空分布特征及影响因子
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摘要
采用经验正交函数(EOF)并对1983—2015年湖南省95个地面气象站的雨凇观测资料以及与北半球海冰和西太平洋和东北印度洋海温资料的相关性进行分析。结果表明:湖南各站年均雨凇频次为2.19次,总体呈现北少南多、山区北侧少南侧多、平原地带少的分布特点;雨凇频次呈逐年下降趋势,且在湖南中北部地区下降趋势显著;湖南雨凇主要发生于相对湿度较大、极大风为偏北风且风速较小、最低气温在-3~0℃、最高气温在0~4℃的环境中。冬季同期(12月至次年2月),北地群岛以东至白令海峡以北海域海冰密度和湖南雨凇频次的相关关系为显著正相关关系,而西北太平洋海温和湖南雨凇频次的显著负相关区域表现为C型分布。
The relationship between glazes from 95 surface weather stations in Hunan Province and sea-ice density and sea surface temperature from 1983 to 2015 is studied by using the experimental orthogonal function analysis(EOF).The results indicate that the frequency of glazes in Hunan Province was 2.19 per year with the feature of a higher incidence of glazes in south and the southern mountain area compared with the north,the northern mountain area and in the plain.The frequency of glazes shows a tendency of decrease with the increase of time.The glazes in Hunan Province mainly formed in the environment with the condition of high relative humidity,low wind speed and north wind,as well as the minimum temperature between 3 and 0 ℃,and the maximum temperature between 0 to 4 ℃.The number of glazes happened in Hunan Province in winter increased with the increase of the sea ice density from the east of the Severnava Zemlva islands to the north of the Bering Strait,while in the area with the remarkable negative correlation between the frequency of the glazes and the sea surface temperature of the Northwest Pacific,three existed a C-shaped distribution.
The relationship between glazes from 95 surface weather stations in Hunan Province and sea-ice density and sea surface temperature from 1983 to 2015 is studied by using the experimental orthogonal function analysis(EOF).The results indicate that the frequency of glazes in Hunan Province was 2.19 per year with the feature of a higher incidence of glazes in south and the southern mountain area compared with the north,the northern mountain area and in the plain.The frequency of glazes shows a tendency of decrease with the increase of time.The glazes in Hunan Province mainly formed in the environment with the condition of high relative humidity,low wind speed and north wind,as well as the minimum temperature between 3 and 0 ℃,and the maximum temperature between 0 to 4 ℃.The number of glazes happened in Hunan Province in winter increased with the increase of the sea ice density from the east of the Severnava Zemlva islands to the north of the Bering Strait,while in the area with the remarkable negative correlation between the frequency of the glazes and the sea surface temperature of the Northwest Pacific,three existed a C-shaped distribution.
引文
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[2]陶诗言,卫捷.2008年1月我国南方严重冰雪灾害过程分析[J].气候与环境研究,2008,13(4):337-350.
[3]段旭,陶云.2008年1月中国南方地区罕见低温冰雪天气的气候特征及其成因[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2009,31(5):477-483.
[4]高洋,吴统文,陈葆德.2008年1月我国南方冻雨过程的热力异常及其形成原因[J].高原气象,2011,30(6):1526-1533.
[5]Yang Guiming,Kong Qi,Mao Dongyan,et al.Analysis of the long lasting cryogenic freezing rain and snow weather in the beginning of 2008[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2008,66(5):836-849.
[6]李登文,乔琪,魏涛.2008年初我国南方冻雨雪天气环流及垂直结构分析[J].高原气象,2009,28(5):1140-1148.
[7]王东海,柳崇健,刘英,等.2008年1月中国南方低温雨雪冰冻天气特征及其天气动力学成因的初步分析[J].气象学报,2008,66(3):405-422.
[8]王允,张庆云,彭京备.东亚冬季环流季节内振荡与2008年初南方大雪关系[J].气候与环境研究,2008,13(4):459-467.
[9]马宁,李跃凤,琚建华.2008年初中国南方低温雨雪冰冻天气的季节内振荡特征[J].高原气象,2011,30(2):318-327.
[10]王宝书,闵诗淳,陈雷.吉林省雨凇气候特征及其天气分型[J].气象与环境学报,2013,29(2):68-74.
[11]王怀清,彭静,赵冠男.近50年江西省雨凇过程气候特征分析[J].气象科技,2009,37(3):311-314.
[12]顾光芹,田国强,梁秀慧,等.河北省雾凇和雨凇气候特征及气象条件分析[J].气象,2012,38(5):561-568.
[13]Stewart R E.Precipitation types in the transition region of winter storms[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,1992,73(3):287-296.
[14]潮伦.冰雪寒流肆虐北半球[J].生态经济,2010,233(4):10-15.
[15]朱明辉,王琪,刘甜甜,等.南岳雨凇分析[J].气象科技,2006,34(4):436-440.
[16]廖玉芳,陈湘雅,赵福华,等.湖南雨凇与大气环流和海温因子相关分析[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(2):60-65.
[17]何金海,袁良,祁莉.冬季西太平洋暖池与华南降水关系的年代际变化[J].大气科学学报,2015,38(6):721-730.
[18]廖玉芳,张剑明,李英.湖南省近60年雨凇的气候特征[J].气候与环境研究,2012,17(5):594-606.
[19]黄小玉,刘红武,李超,等.2008年湖南两次暴雪灾害过程初步分析[J].防灾科技学报,2008,10(2):15-19.
[20]程庚福,曾申江,张伯熙,等.湖南天气及其预报[M].北京:气象出版社,1987:95-96.
[21]王晓兰,李象玉,黎祖贤,等.2005年湖南省特大冰冻灾害天气分析[J].气象,2006,32(2):87-91.
[22]廖玉芳,潘志祥,等.湖南雨凇[M].北京:气象出版社,2011:8-35.
[23]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999:63-66.
[24]黄嘉佑.气象统计分析与预报方法[M].北京:气象出版社,2000:130-134.
[25]刘华.中国东部冬季降水的时空分布特征及其与大气环流和海温的关系[D].南京:南京信息工程大学大气科学学院,2015.
[26]李宏毅,林朝晖,宋燕,等.我国华南3月份降水异常的可能影响因子分析[J].大气科学,2013,37(3):719-730.