宁夏中部干旱带玉米畦灌灌溉制度研究
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摘要
以畦灌玉米为研究对象,利用彭曼公式计算玉米理论需水量,并结合作物根层贮水量、生理指标及产量等确定宁夏中部干旱带玉米畦灌灌溉制度。结果表明,研究区年参考作物腾发量为1 112mm,玉米生育期需水量为596mm,理论灌溉水量为4 132m3/hm2;30~60cm是玉米根区主要贮水层;灌水后各水分处理光合有效辐射均下降,12:00、14:00降幅分别为13.7%~24.6%、1.8%~5.9%。玉米抽雄期光合速率及蒸腾速率日变化趋势一致,均呈单峰曲线,并于10:00—14:00出现峰值。灌溉定额为3 900m3/hm2时,产量最高,为14 860.5kg/hm2;灌溉定额为3 300m3/hm2时,水分利用效率最高,为4.13kg/m3。宁夏中部干旱带畦灌玉米最优灌溉制度为:全生育期灌水4次,灌水定额为975m3/hm2,灌溉定额3 900m3/hm2。
The theoretical water requirement of corn under border irrigation was calculated by Penman formula.According to water storage in root zone,physiological index,yield and theoretical water requirement,the irrigation system was determined.The results showed that the yearly reference evapotranspiration was 1 112 mm,the water requirement of corn in the growth period was 596 mm and the theoretical irrigation water amount was 413 mm.The main storage layer in corn's root zone was in 30~60cm.Photosynthetically active radiation in different treatments all decreased after irrigation,and decreasd by13.7%~24.6%,1.8%~5.9% at 12 am and at 2pm respectively.The photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate changed similarly in maize tasseling with single peak curve at 10am~2pm.The yield was the top of 14 860kg/hm2 with irrigation quota of 390 mm while water use efficiency was the top of 4.13kg/m3 with irrigation quota of 330 mm.The optimal irrigation system of corn in the central arid area of Ningxia is that irrigation quota is 390 mm,irrigating for 4times during the whole growth period.
The theoretical water requirement of corn under border irrigation was calculated by Penman formula.According to water storage in root zone,physiological index,yield and theoretical water requirement,the irrigation system was determined.The results showed that the yearly reference evapotranspiration was 1 112 mm,the water requirement of corn in the growth period was 596 mm and the theoretical irrigation water amount was 413 mm.The main storage layer in corn's root zone was in 30~60cm.Photosynthetically active radiation in different treatments all decreased after irrigation,and decreasd by13.7%~24.6%,1.8%~5.9% at 12 am and at 2pm respectively.The photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate changed similarly in maize tasseling with single peak curve at 10am~2pm.The yield was the top of 14 860kg/hm2 with irrigation quota of 390 mm while water use efficiency was the top of 4.13kg/m3 with irrigation quota of 330 mm.The optimal irrigation system of corn in the central arid area of Ningxia is that irrigation quota is 390 mm,irrigating for 4times during the whole growth period.
引文
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[3]李益农,许迪,李福祥.田面平整精度对畦灌系统性能影响的模拟分析[J].农业工程学报,2001,17(4):43-48.
[4]张新民,胡想全.畦灌灌水要素决策服务系统[J].灌溉排水学报,2007,26(3):65-68.
[5]高翔,王芳,郝卫平,等.宁夏青铜峡灌区管道自流引水畦灌初探[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(8):123-128.
[6]陈博,欧阳竹,章少辉.不同畦面结构下畦灌过程和效果评估[J].资源与生态学报:英文版,2012,3(2):151-160.
[7]刘晓英,李玉中,郝卫平.华北主要作物需水量近50年变化趋势及原因[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(10):155-159.
[8]杨聪,于静洁,宋献方,等.华北山区短时段参考作物蒸散量的计算[J].地理科学进展,2004,23(6):71-80.
[9]王宝英,张学.夏玉米的高产灌溉制度及其实施规范[J].灌溉排水,1995,14(4):38-40.