污泥水热联合热解处理对固相产物中重金属的影响
|
摘要
对酸性重金属污泥(AS)、碱性重金属污泥(BS)及其混合物(MS)进行水热联合热解处理,探讨了固相产物中重金属(Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu和Zn)的BCR形态变化与TCLP浸出毒性特征,并开展潜在生态风险评价。结果表明:AS经水热联合热解处理后得到的固相产物(ASC)中重金属的稳定性得到改善,Ni和Zn的残渣态比例显著增加,分别从8.33%和28.08%升至27.04%和51.31%;BS经水热联合热解处理后得到的固相产物(BSC)中重金属的稳定性改善不明显,Cr和Cu的残渣态比例分别从69.25%和65.42%升至82.09%和66.69%,而其他重金属的残渣态比例有所下降。MS经过水热联合热解处理,固相产物(MSC)中重金属的固化效果进一步提高。与理论值相比,Cr、Mn、Ni、Cu和Zn的残渣态比例分别从89.03%、55.85%、47.33%、55.39%和73.19%提高至98.09%、66.72%、48.49%、89.07%和86.70%,其浸出毒性均在USEPA标准以下,潜在风险程度为轻微水平,这为水热联合热解工艺处置重金属污泥提供新的思路。
Acid sludge(AS), basic sludge(BS) and their mixture(MS) were treated via hydrothermal treatment coupled pyrolysis. The change of BCR speciation and leaching toxicity of heavy metals(Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn) in solid products were investigated, and the potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals was also performed.Results showed that the stability of heavy metals in the solid product(ASC) was improved after hydrothermal treatment coupled pyrolysis of AS, and the residual fractions of Ni and Zn in ASC were increased from 8.33% and28.08% to 27.04% and 51.31%, respectively. However, the enhancement of stability of heavy metals in the solid product(BSC) was unobvious after hydrothermal treatment coupled pyrolysis of BS. The residual fractions of Cr and Cu in BSC were increased from 69.25% and 65.42% to 82.09% and 66.69%, and the residual fractions of other heavy metals in BSC were decreased. After hydrothermal treatment coupled pyrolysis of MS, the immobilization effect of heavy metals in the solid product(MSC) was further strengthened. Compared with the theoretical value, the residual fractions of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn were increased from 89.03%, 55.85%, 47.33%, 55.39% and 73.19% to 98.09%,66.72%, 48.49%, 89.07% and 86.70%, respectively. The leaching toxicity of heavy metals in MSC was below the USEPA standard and the potential risk degree was in a slight level. This work provides a novel idea for disposing sludge containing heavy metals.
Acid sludge(AS), basic sludge(BS) and their mixture(MS) were treated via hydrothermal treatment coupled pyrolysis. The change of BCR speciation and leaching toxicity of heavy metals(Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn) in solid products were investigated, and the potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals was also performed.Results showed that the stability of heavy metals in the solid product(ASC) was improved after hydrothermal treatment coupled pyrolysis of AS, and the residual fractions of Ni and Zn in ASC were increased from 8.33% and28.08% to 27.04% and 51.31%, respectively. However, the enhancement of stability of heavy metals in the solid product(BSC) was unobvious after hydrothermal treatment coupled pyrolysis of BS. The residual fractions of Cr and Cu in BSC were increased from 69.25% and 65.42% to 82.09% and 66.69%, and the residual fractions of other heavy metals in BSC were decreased. After hydrothermal treatment coupled pyrolysis of MS, the immobilization effect of heavy metals in the solid product(MSC) was further strengthened. Compared with the theoretical value, the residual fractions of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn were increased from 89.03%, 55.85%, 47.33%, 55.39% and 73.19% to 98.09%,66.72%, 48.49%, 89.07% and 86.70%, respectively. The leaching toxicity of heavy metals in MSC was below the USEPA standard and the potential risk degree was in a slight level. This work provides a novel idea for disposing sludge containing heavy metals.
引文
[1]彭成法,肖汀璇,李志建.热解温度对污泥基生物炭结构特性及对重金属吸附性能的影响[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(10):1637-1644.
[2]张丽丽,李花粉,苏德纯.我国城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属分布特征及变化规律[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):313-319.
[3]中华人民共和国环境保护部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准:GB 18918-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[4]NASERI M,VAZIRZADEH A,KAZEMI R,et al.Concentration of some heavy metals in rice types available in Shiraz market and human health risk assessment[J].Food Chemistry,2015,175:243-248.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.109.
[5]陶祥运,李磊明,刘小红,等.白云石和硫酸亚铁复配对城市污泥中重金属形态分布及生物有效性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(2):654-662.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201707141.
[6]李杰,潘兰佳,余广炜,等.污泥生物炭制备吸附陶粒[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3970-3978.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201702161.
[7]吴继阳,郑凯琪,杨婷婷,等.污泥生物炭对土壤中Pb和Cd的生物有效性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(10):5757-5763.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201612044.
[8]YU G W,WANG Y,ZHANG X,et al.Influence of sludge and sludge biochar on the transfer of available heavy metals in soil[J].Journal of Solid Waste Technology&Management,2016,42(1):814-823.
[9]LI C X,WANG X D,ZHANG G Y,et al.Hydrothermal and alkaline hydrothermal pretreatments plus anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge for dewatering and biogas production:Bench-scale research and pilot-scale verification[J].Water Research,2017,117:49-57.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.047.
[10]WANG X D,LI C X,ZHANG B,et al.Migration and risk assessment of heavy metals in sewage sludge during hydrothermal treatment combined with pyrolysis[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,221:60-567.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.069.
[11]王兴栋,林景江,李智伟,等.水热处理时间对污泥中氮磷钾及重金属迁移的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1048-1054.
[12]刘亚纳,郭旭明,周鸣,等.洛阳城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属形态及潜在生态风险评估[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(2):1217-1222.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201509177.
[13]赵晶晶,周少奇,陈安安,等.城市污泥与花生壳制活性炭的重金属形态分析及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2284-2289.
[14]陈振金,陈春秀,刘用清,等.福建省土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,1992,13(4):70-75.
[15]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置混合填埋用泥质:GB/T 23485-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置园林绿化用泥质:GB/T 23486-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置地改良用泥质:GB/T 24600-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[19]李智伟,王兴栋,林景江,等.污泥生物炭制备过程中氮磷钾及重金属的迁移行为[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1392-1399.
[20]郭子逸,邵敬爱,王贤华,等.污泥微波热解过程重金属转化特性与风险评估[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(3):1801-1806.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201512017.
[21]DOU X,CHEN D,HU Y,et al.Carbonization of heavy metal impregnated sewage sludge oriented towards potential co-disposal[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,321:132-145.DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.010.
[22]DEVI P,SAROHA A K.Risk analysis of pyrolyzed biochar made from paper mill effluent treatment plant sludge for bioavailability and eco-toxicity of heavy metals[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,162:308-315.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.093.
[23]HU H Y,LIU H,SHEN W Q,et al.Comparison of Ca O’s effect on the fate of heavy metals during thermal treatment of two typical types of MSWI fly ashes in China[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(4):590-596.DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.077.
[24]HIH K,WHITE T,LECKIE J O.Nickel stabilization efficiency of aluminate and ferrite spinels and their leaching behavior[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(17):5520-5226.DOI:10.1021/es0601033.
[25]BANERJEE A D.Heavy metal levels and solid phase speciation in street dusts of Delhi,India[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,123(1):95-105.DOI:10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00337-8.
[26]HE Y D,ZHAI Y B,LI C T,et al.The fate of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd during the pyrolysis of sewag sludge at different temperatures[J].Environmental Technology,2010,31(5):567-574.DOI:10.1080/09593330903514466.
[27]ZHAI Y,LIU X,ZHU Y,et al.Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge:The effect of feed-water p H on fate and risk of heavy metals in hydrochars[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,218:183-188.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.085.
[28]栾兆坤,汤鸿霄.硫酸铁氧化物的表征及其对重金属吸附作用的研究[J].环境科学学报,1994,14(2):129-136.
[2]张丽丽,李花粉,苏德纯.我国城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属分布特征及变化规律[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(3):313-319.
[3]中华人民共和国环境保护部,中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准:GB 18918-2002[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[4]NASERI M,VAZIRZADEH A,KAZEMI R,et al.Concentration of some heavy metals in rice types available in Shiraz market and human health risk assessment[J].Food Chemistry,2015,175:243-248.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.109.
[5]陶祥运,李磊明,刘小红,等.白云石和硫酸亚铁复配对城市污泥中重金属形态分布及生物有效性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2018,12(2):654-662.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201707141.
[6]李杰,潘兰佳,余广炜,等.污泥生物炭制备吸附陶粒[J].环境科学,2017,38(9):3970-3978.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.201702161.
[7]吴继阳,郑凯琪,杨婷婷,等.污泥生物炭对土壤中Pb和Cd的生物有效性的影响[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(10):5757-5763.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201612044.
[8]YU G W,WANG Y,ZHANG X,et al.Influence of sludge and sludge biochar on the transfer of available heavy metals in soil[J].Journal of Solid Waste Technology&Management,2016,42(1):814-823.
[9]LI C X,WANG X D,ZHANG G Y,et al.Hydrothermal and alkaline hydrothermal pretreatments plus anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge for dewatering and biogas production:Bench-scale research and pilot-scale verification[J].Water Research,2017,117:49-57.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.047.
[10]WANG X D,LI C X,ZHANG B,et al.Migration and risk assessment of heavy metals in sewage sludge during hydrothermal treatment combined with pyrolysis[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,221:60-567.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.069.
[11]王兴栋,林景江,李智伟,等.水热处理时间对污泥中氮磷钾及重金属迁移的影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(3):1048-1054.
[12]刘亚纳,郭旭明,周鸣,等.洛阳城市污水处理厂污泥中重金属形态及潜在生态风险评估[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(2):1217-1222.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201509177.
[13]赵晶晶,周少奇,陈安安,等.城市污泥与花生壳制活性炭的重金属形态分析及生态风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(11):2284-2289.
[14]陈振金,陈春秀,刘用清,等.福建省土壤环境背景值研究[J].环境科学,1992,13(4):70-75.
[15]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[16]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置混合填埋用泥质:GB/T 23485-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[17]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置园林绿化用泥质:GB/T 23486-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[18]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.城镇污水处理厂污泥处置地改良用泥质:GB/T 24600-2009[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.
[19]李智伟,王兴栋,林景江,等.污泥生物炭制备过程中氮磷钾及重金属的迁移行为[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(3):1392-1399.
[20]郭子逸,邵敬爱,王贤华,等.污泥微波热解过程重金属转化特性与风险评估[J].环境工程学报,2017,11(3):1801-1806.DOI:10.12030/j.cjee.201512017.
[21]DOU X,CHEN D,HU Y,et al.Carbonization of heavy metal impregnated sewage sludge oriented towards potential co-disposal[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,321:132-145.DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.09.010.
[22]DEVI P,SAROHA A K.Risk analysis of pyrolyzed biochar made from paper mill effluent treatment plant sludge for bioavailability and eco-toxicity of heavy metals[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,162:308-315.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.03.093.
[23]HU H Y,LIU H,SHEN W Q,et al.Comparison of Ca O’s effect on the fate of heavy metals during thermal treatment of two typical types of MSWI fly ashes in China[J].Chemosphere,2013,93(4):590-596.DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.05.077.
[24]HIH K,WHITE T,LECKIE J O.Nickel stabilization efficiency of aluminate and ferrite spinels and their leaching behavior[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2006,40(17):5520-5226.DOI:10.1021/es0601033.
[25]BANERJEE A D.Heavy metal levels and solid phase speciation in street dusts of Delhi,India[J].Environmental Pollution,2003,123(1):95-105.DOI:10.1016/S0269-7491(02)00337-8.
[26]HE Y D,ZHAI Y B,LI C T,et al.The fate of Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd during the pyrolysis of sewag sludge at different temperatures[J].Environmental Technology,2010,31(5):567-574.DOI:10.1080/09593330903514466.
[27]ZHAI Y,LIU X,ZHU Y,et al.Hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge:The effect of feed-water p H on fate and risk of heavy metals in hydrochars[J].Bioresource Technology,2016,218:183-188.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.06.085.
[28]栾兆坤,汤鸿霄.硫酸铁氧化物的表征及其对重金属吸附作用的研究[J].环境科学学报,1994,14(2):129-136.