南方四季杨雌雄幼苗对镉胁迫光合生理响应的差异
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摘要
为探讨南方四季杨雌雄幼苗对土壤镉污染的生理适应机制,采用盆栽模拟试验,测定了植株气体交换特征和叶绿素荧光参数,以及最终的生物量积累、丙二醛和可溶性蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶活性。结果表明:镉处理45 d后,雌株的净光合速率(Pn)、水分利用效率(WUE)、PSII最大光化学量子产量(Fv/Fm)显著下降,初始荧光(F0)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN)显著上升,但是在第60天这些指标均恢复正常,一直到第90天,Pn、气孔导度(Gs)、电子传递速率(ETR)显著下降,但是WUE仍维持正常;而雄株的光合和荧光参数在第45天没有显著变化,从第60天开始,Pn、Gs、Fv/Fm、ETR显著下降,F0、qN显著上升,并且维持到第90天,一直没有恢复。第90天的雌株根、茎、叶生物量和丙二醛(MDA)含量分别比对照降低了71.04%、58.33%、71.61%和54.22%,雄株降低了83.11%、72.72%、80.31%和69.38%;雌株的超氧化物歧化酶活性、可溶性蛋白含量与对照变化均不显著,雄株的比对照分别降低了30.54%和20.50%。可见镉对两者都造成了胁迫,且雄株的受胁迫程度高于雌株,可能是因为雌株的光合系统对镉胁迫更敏感,因此比雄株更早地做出相应的防御响应。
To explore the physiological response mechanism of male and female clones of Populus deltoides × nigra under Cd stress,by the pot simulation experiment,leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assayed on the 45,60,75,90 d after Cd treatment. Malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),soluble protein content and the biomass accumulation were assayed at the end of the experiment. For female clones explored to Cd pollution,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),water use efficiency(WUE),PS Ⅱ maximum photochemical quantum yield(Fv/Fm) were significant lower than the control(P< 0.05).Minimal fluorescence(F0) and nonphotochemical quenching coefficient(qN) were significant higher than those of control treatment on45 days after Cd stress(P < 0. 05). However,these indicators had the opposite change on 60 days after Cd stress. Pn,stomatal conductance(Gs) and electron transfer rate(ETR) decreased significantly on 90 days after Cd stress(P<0.05). For male clones explored to Cd stress,both leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters had no obvious changes on 45 days after Cd treatment. But Pn,Gs,Fm/Fmand ETR were significant lower than those of control treatment(P<0.05). And F0,qNwere significant higher than those of control treatment from 60～ 90 d(P<0.05). Compared with those of control treatment,biomass of root,stem and leaf of females were less 71.04%,58.33% and 71.61% under Cd stress,respectively,and those of the males were 83.11%,72.72%,and 80.31%,respectively,which are lower than those of the control. The MDA content of females was 54.22% lower than that of the control,and for male clones it was 69.38% lower than that of the control. The SOD activity and soluble protein content showed no significant changes in females undergoing Cd treatment,while for males,their values were 30.54% and 20.50% compared with those of the control. Therefore,the growths of both female and male P. deltoides × nigra were inhibited by Cd stress. Females had higher tolerance to Cd stress than males,which may because the photosynthetic apparatus in females is more sensitive to the stress.
To explore the physiological response mechanism of male and female clones of Populus deltoides × nigra under Cd stress,by the pot simulation experiment,leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were assayed on the 45,60,75,90 d after Cd treatment. Malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD),soluble protein content and the biomass accumulation were assayed at the end of the experiment. For female clones explored to Cd pollution,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),water use efficiency(WUE),PS Ⅱ maximum photochemical quantum yield(Fv/Fm) were significant lower than the control(P< 0.05).Minimal fluorescence(F0) and nonphotochemical quenching coefficient(qN) were significant higher than those of control treatment on45 days after Cd stress(P < 0. 05). However,these indicators had the opposite change on 60 days after Cd stress. Pn,stomatal conductance(Gs) and electron transfer rate(ETR) decreased significantly on 90 days after Cd stress(P<0.05). For male clones explored to Cd stress,both leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters had no obvious changes on 45 days after Cd treatment. But Pn,Gs,Fm/Fmand ETR were significant lower than those of control treatment(P<0.05). And F0,qNwere significant higher than those of control treatment from 60～ 90 d(P<0.05). Compared with those of control treatment,biomass of root,stem and leaf of females were less 71.04%,58.33% and 71.61% under Cd stress,respectively,and those of the males were 83.11%,72.72%,and 80.31%,respectively,which are lower than those of the control. The MDA content of females was 54.22% lower than that of the control,and for male clones it was 69.38% lower than that of the control. The SOD activity and soluble protein content showed no significant changes in females undergoing Cd treatment,while for males,their values were 30.54% and 20.50% compared with those of the control. Therefore,the growths of both female and male P. deltoides × nigra were inhibited by Cd stress. Females had higher tolerance to Cd stress than males,which may because the photosynthetic apparatus in females is more sensitive to the stress.
引文
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[11]陈良,隆小华,郑晓涛,等.镉胁迫下两种菊芋幼苗的光合作用特征及镉吸收转运差异的研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):60-67.
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[17]CHEN LH,HAN Y,JIANG H,et al. Nitrogen nutrient status induces sexual differences in responses to cadmium in Populusyunnanensis[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(14):5 037-5 050.
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[19]刘侯俊,李雪平,韩晓日,等.铁镉互作对水稻脂质过氧化及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(8):2 179-2 185.
[20]WANG X,SHI G X,XU Q S,et al. Exogenous polyamines enhance copper tolerance of Nymphoides peltatum[J]. Journalof Plant Physiology,2007,164(8):1 062-1 070.
[21]臧畅,吕志强,董莲春,等.不同性别桑树幼苗对镉与酸雨复合处理的生长响应及镉积累差异[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):969-975.
[22]HE S Y,YANG X E,HE Z L,et al. Morphological and physiological responses of plants to cadmium toxicity:a review[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(3):421-438.
[23]何俊瑜,任艳芳,王阳阳,等.不同耐性水稻幼苗根系对镉胁迫的形态及生理响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):522-528.
[24]YADAV S K. Heavy metals toxicity in plants:an overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stresstolerance of plants[J]. South African Journal of Botany,2010,76(2):167-179.
[25]马引利,牛娇,江泽宇.水杨酸在氯化镉胁迫诱导蚕豆气孔运动中的作用[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,29(2):69-73.
[26]董袁媛,孙竹,杨洋,等.镉胁迫对黄麻光合作用及镉积累的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(8):1 640-1 646.
[27]高国徽,陈帅君,丁博,等.非生物环境因子诱导气孔关闭的信号转导机制[J].分子植物育种,2016,14(5):1 280-1 286.
[28]YANG H M,ZHANG X Y,WANG G X. Effects of heavy metals on stomatal movements in broad bean leaves[J]. RussianJournal of Plant Physiology,2004,51(4):464-468.
[2]唐秋香,缪新.土壤镉污染的现状及修复研究进展[J].环境工程,2013,31(S1):747-750.
[3]韩航,陈雪娇,陈顺钰,等.类芦对铅胁迫的生理响应[J].森林与环境学报,2017,37(4):398-404.
[4]张东为,崔建国,戈素芬,等.土壤镉污染对不同品种杨树生长状况的影响[J].水土保持通报,2008,28(3):59-64.
[5]胥晓,杨帆,尹春英,等.雌雄异株植物对环境胁迫响应的性别差异研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(11):2 626-2 631.
[6]CHEN L H,ZHANG D J,YANG W Q,et al. Sex-specific responses of Populus deltoides to glomus in traradices colonizationand Cd pollution[J]. Chemosphere,2016,155:196-206.
[7]陈良华,赖娟,胡相伟,等.接种丛枝菌根真菌对受镉胁迫美洲黑杨雌、雄株光合生理的影响[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(4):97-105.
[8]辜云杰,罗建勋,曹小军,等.中华南方常绿杨木材纤维形态特征及径向变异规律[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(4):31-33.
[9]夏正林,王红莉,罗建勋,等.南方四季杨组培再生体系的建立[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,33(2):42-47.
[10]曹玲,王庆成,崔东海.土壤镉污染对四种阔叶树苗木叶绿素荧光特性和生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):769-772.
[11]陈良,隆小华,郑晓涛,等.镉胁迫下两种菊芋幼苗的光合作用特征及镉吸收转运差异的研究[J].草业学报,2011,20(6):60-67.
[12]BRADFORD M M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principleof protein-dye binding[J]. Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72(1/2):248-254.
[13]BEAUCHAMP C,FRIDOVICH I. Superoxide dismutase:improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1971,44(1):276-287.
[14]HODGES D M,DELONG J M,FORNEY C F,et al. Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive-substances assay for estimatinglipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds[J]. Planta,1999,207(4):604-611.
[15]RETUERTO R,LEMA B F,ROILOA S-R,et al. Gender,light and water effects in carbon isotope discrimination,andgrowth rates in the dioecious tree Ilex aquifolium[J]. Functional Ecology,2000,14(5):529-537.
[16]DAWSON T E,EHLERINGER J R. Gender-specific physiology,carbon isotope discrimination and habitat distribution inboxelder,Acer Negundo[J]. Ecology,1993,74(3):798-815.
[17]CHEN LH,HAN Y,JIANG H,et al. Nitrogen nutrient status induces sexual differences in responses to cadmium in Populusyunnanensis[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany,2011,62(14):5 037-5 050.
[18]HEYNO E,KLOSE C,KRIEGER-LISZKAY A. Origin of cadmium-induced reactive oxygen species production:mitochondrialelectron transfer versus plasma membrane NADPH oxidase[J]. The New Phytologist,2008,179(3):687-699.
[19]刘侯俊,李雪平,韩晓日,等.铁镉互作对水稻脂质过氧化及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(8):2 179-2 185.
[20]WANG X,SHI G X,XU Q S,et al. Exogenous polyamines enhance copper tolerance of Nymphoides peltatum[J]. Journalof Plant Physiology,2007,164(8):1 062-1 070.
[21]臧畅,吕志强,董莲春,等.不同性别桑树幼苗对镉与酸雨复合处理的生长响应及镉积累差异[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(3):969-975.
[22]HE S Y,YANG X E,HE Z L,et al. Morphological and physiological responses of plants to cadmium toxicity:a review[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(3):421-438.
[23]何俊瑜,任艳芳,王阳阳,等.不同耐性水稻幼苗根系对镉胁迫的形态及生理响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(2):522-528.
[24]YADAV S K. Heavy metals toxicity in plants:an overview on the role of glutathione and phytochelatins in heavy metal stresstolerance of plants[J]. South African Journal of Botany,2010,76(2):167-179.
[25]马引利,牛娇,江泽宇.水杨酸在氯化镉胁迫诱导蚕豆气孔运动中的作用[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,29(2):69-73.
[26]董袁媛,孙竹,杨洋,等.镉胁迫对黄麻光合作用及镉积累的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(8):1 640-1 646.
[27]高国徽,陈帅君,丁博,等.非生物环境因子诱导气孔关闭的信号转导机制[J].分子植物育种,2016,14(5):1 280-1 286.
[28]YANG H M,ZHANG X Y,WANG G X. Effects of heavy metals on stomatal movements in broad bean leaves[J]. RussianJournal of Plant Physiology,2004,51(4):464-468.