基于计算流体力学技术的大尺度复杂地形山区风环境模拟——以石溪乡为例
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摘要
我国的城市规划设计中常会涉及到"环境品质""绿色通廊""人居环境"等概念,这些都需要对风环境的研究及应用。本文基于CFD(计算流体力学)技术,以浙江省丽水市青田县石溪乡为研究对象,围绕近地表低空区域,模拟山区乡村区域的风速场,并对其风环境特征的规划设计展开相应的深入研究。研究结果表明:即使模拟区域的地形复杂、计算范围广,仍可通过分步计算控制法对大尺度模型进行CFD模拟分析,并给出合理的风场结构;不仅如此,在山区乡村规划设计中,人居活动区应尽量远离在山体附近,减小环境风回流区对人居安全带来的风险,进一步证明了山体对建筑表面风速分布的影响不容忽略。最后,本文认为"风环境"可作为山区乡村规划的一个评价指标,提供一定的定量分析及参考依据,为提高人居环境品质提供规划设计思路。
The concepts of "environmental quality" "green corridor" and "human settlement environment" are usually involved in urban planning and design in China, which are the preliminary studies and applications of wind environment. Therefore, based on CFD technology, this paper takes Shixi Township, Qingtian County, as the research object, simulates the wind speed field in the rural area of mountainous zone around the near surface low altitude area, and carries on the corresponding research to the planning and designing of wind environment characteristics. The results show that despite the complex terrain and wide computing range of the stimulating area, the CFD simulation analysis of the large-scale model can be carried out by the stepwise computational control method, and the reasonable wind field structure can be obtained. What's more, the human settlement area should be far away from the mountain so as to reduce the risk of the environmental wind return zone to the human settlement safety, which acts as a further prove that the influence of the mountain body on the wind velocity distribution on the building surface should not be ignored. Finally, this paper holds that "wind environment" can be applied as an evaluation index for rural planning in mountainous areas, which can provide certain quantitative analysis and referential information, and suggest planning and designing ideas for improving the quality of human settlement.
The concepts of "environmental quality" "green corridor" and "human settlement environment" are usually involved in urban planning and design in China, which are the preliminary studies and applications of wind environment. Therefore, based on CFD technology, this paper takes Shixi Township, Qingtian County, as the research object, simulates the wind speed field in the rural area of mountainous zone around the near surface low altitude area, and carries on the corresponding research to the planning and designing of wind environment characteristics. The results show that despite the complex terrain and wide computing range of the stimulating area, the CFD simulation analysis of the large-scale model can be carried out by the stepwise computational control method, and the reasonable wind field structure can be obtained. What's more, the human settlement area should be far away from the mountain so as to reduce the risk of the environmental wind return zone to the human settlement safety, which acts as a further prove that the influence of the mountain body on the wind velocity distribution on the building surface should not be ignored. Finally, this paper holds that "wind environment" can be applied as an evaluation index for rural planning in mountainous areas, which can provide certain quantitative analysis and referential information, and suggest planning and designing ideas for improving the quality of human settlement.
引文
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[9]陈勇,彭志伟,楼文娟,等.冲击风稳态流场CFD模拟及三维风速经验模型研究[J].计算力学学报,2010,27(3):428-434.
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[11]鞠红霞,刘素萍,何芍.梯度风观测资料在高层建筑气象灾害风险评估中的应用研究[J].天津科技,2018,45(3):66-69.
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[15]姚博.风环境影响下的陕南山区小城镇空间布局方法研究——以丹凤县城龙驹寨镇为例[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.
[16]宋继闯.河西走廊地区休闲农庄室外风环境研究与分析[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2018.
[2]厉华笑,谢浩东.有限目标下小城镇环境综合整治规划思考与实践——以慈溪市周巷镇天元集镇为例[J].小城镇建设,2018,36(2):29-36.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-8439.2018.02.004.
[3]刘丽珺,吕萍,梁友嘉.基于CFD技术的河谷型城市风环境模拟——以兰州市城关区为例[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(6):1840-1847.
[4]贾尚宏,胡祯祥.徽州传统民居封闭天井开窗位置优化研究——以不见山客栈天井改造为例[J].小城镇建设,2017,35(5):94-101.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-8439.2017.05.020.
[5]李婧,齐梦楠,陈天.面向城市高密度街区舒适风环境的设计策略研究——以北京三条商业街的实地数据分析为例[J].建筑节能,2017,45(7):56-67.
[6]马啸宇.数据导引下的城市微型公共空间规划方法研究——以武汉市武昌区为例[C]//中国城市规划学会.共享与品质——2018中国城市规划年会论文集(05城市规划新技术应用).北京:中国城市规划学会,2018:12.
[7]张欣,张天航,黄志义,等.分叉隧道分流局部损失特性及流动特征[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2018,52(3):440-445.
[8]魏淑贤,沈跃,黄延军.计算流体力学的发展及应用[J].河北理工学院学报,2005(2):115-117,122.
[9]陈勇,彭志伟,楼文娟,等.冲击风稳态流场CFD模拟及三维风速经验模型研究[J].计算力学学报,2010,27(3):428-434.
[10]席睿.居住区风环境与空间形态指标耦合分析——以八个西安市已建居住小区为例[C]//中国城市规划学会.共享与品质——2018中国城市规划年会论文集(05城市规划新技术应用).北京:中国城市规划学会,2018:12.
[11]鞠红霞,刘素萍,何芍.梯度风观测资料在高层建筑气象灾害风险评估中的应用研究[J].天津科技,2018,45(3):66-69.
[12]中国工程建设标准化协会.建筑结构荷载规范GB 5009-2012[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[13]李增珍,章俊屾,朱凯,等.送回风参数对净化器能效的影响[J].低温建筑技术,2015,37(8):30-33.
[14]范业正,郭来喜.中国海滨旅游地气候适宜性评价[J].自然资源学报,1998(4):17-24.
[15]姚博.风环境影响下的陕南山区小城镇空间布局方法研究——以丹凤县城龙驹寨镇为例[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2015.
[16]宋继闯.河西走廊地区休闲农庄室外风环境研究与分析[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2018.