我国典型外来入侵动物概况及防控对策
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摘要
【目的】分析入侵我国的外来动物类型、数量、原产地、空间分布及发生危害特点,为更好地研究、预防和控制外来有害物种,保护入侵地生物多样性提供参考。【方法】以原国家环保总局和中国科学院分别于2003、2010、2014和2016年联合发布的4批中国外来入侵物种名单中所列的入侵动物为研究对象,结合文献检索,对入侵动物的原产地、传入途径、传入时间和分布现状等进行综述,分析其危害生境和对象,并提出有针对性的防治建议。【结果】4批外来入侵物种名单中共有外来入侵动物31种,其中昆虫纲最多,有22种;从原产地来看,来源于北美洲的最多,有13种,其余依次为亚洲、非洲、南美洲、大洋洲和欧洲,分别有8、7、4、1和1种;从入侵方式来看,有23种为无意引入、8种为人为有意引进;从空间分布来看,在我国整体呈现南多北少、沿海多于内陆的格局。列入名录的入侵动物已对我国农林牧渔业生产、生物多样性及人类健康等造成巨大威胁。【建议】加强预防与预警外来有害动物入侵,同时采取物理、化学、生物防治及以用促防等有效措施对具有潜在入侵性或已造成危害的入侵动物进行治理。
【Objective】The types,quantity,origin areas,present distribution,occurrence and damage of invasive animals in China were analyzed to provide scientific reference for researching,preventing and controlling invasive alien species and protecting local biodiversity.【Method】The former Chinese Environmental Protection Administration and Chinese Academy of Sciences have published four lists of Chinese invasive species in 2003,2010,2014 and 2016,respectively.Statistical analysis were carried out based on the species listed in four batches. The review on origin areas,invasive ways,times and present distribution of the invasive animals was conducted,their endangering habitats and targets were studied and the corresponding control strategies were proposed.【Result】The number of alien invasive species of animals on the four lists totaled 31. The species of insects were the largest(22 species). Most invasive animals were originated in North America,following by Asia,Africa,South America,Oceania and Europe,and the species were thirteen,eight,seven,four,one and one,respectively. In terms of the invasive ways,twenty-three species were introduced in the untentional ways,eight species were introduced on purpose. As for spacial distribution,more species could be found in the southern region than northern region and in the coastal region than inland region. The invasive animals on the list posed a great threat to animal husbandry and fishery,biodiversity and human health in China.【Suggestion】The following suggestions are proposed: strengthen invasion prevention and early warning for exotic harmful animals,and take effective physical,chemical and biological measures to control the potential and actual invasion of alien animals.
【Objective】The types,quantity,origin areas,present distribution,occurrence and damage of invasive animals in China were analyzed to provide scientific reference for researching,preventing and controlling invasive alien species and protecting local biodiversity.【Method】The former Chinese Environmental Protection Administration and Chinese Academy of Sciences have published four lists of Chinese invasive species in 2003,2010,2014 and 2016,respectively.Statistical analysis were carried out based on the species listed in four batches. The review on origin areas,invasive ways,times and present distribution of the invasive animals was conducted,their endangering habitats and targets were studied and the corresponding control strategies were proposed.【Result】The number of alien invasive species of animals on the four lists totaled 31. The species of insects were the largest(22 species). Most invasive animals were originated in North America,following by Asia,Africa,South America,Oceania and Europe,and the species were thirteen,eight,seven,four,one and one,respectively. In terms of the invasive ways,twenty-three species were introduced in the untentional ways,eight species were introduced on purpose. As for spacial distribution,more species could be found in the southern region than northern region and in the coastal region than inland region. The invasive animals on the list posed a great threat to animal husbandry and fishery,biodiversity and human health in China.【Suggestion】The following suggestions are proposed: strengthen invasion prevention and early warning for exotic harmful animals,and take effective physical,chemical and biological measures to control the potential and actual invasion of alien animals.
引文
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王小武.2017.新疆稻水象甲传播、扩散及防控技术研究[D].石河子:石河子大学.[Wang X W.2017.Spreading&diffusion and prevention and control technology of rice water weevil:Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University.]
王亚民,曹文宣.2006.中国水生外来入侵物种对策研究[J].农业环境科学学报,25(1):7-13.[Wang Y M,Cao W X.2006.The strategies of aquatic invasive alien species(IAS)in China[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,25(1):7-13.]
吴刚,戈峰,万方浩,肖能文,李俊生.2011.入侵昆虫对全球气候变化的响应[J].应用昆虫学报,48(5):1170-1176.[Wu G,Ge F,Wan F H,Xiao N W,Li J S.2011.Responses of invasive insects to global climate change[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,48(5):1170-1176.]
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