不同比例化肥与猪粪肥配施对稻穗不同部位磷含量分布的影响
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摘要
为了综合评价中国南方施用猪粪肥对稻穗不同部位籽粒磷素积累的影响,本研究在水稻施肥量N 180kg/hm~2,N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=3∶1∶2.5情况下,比较施用化肥(NPK)、70%化肥配施30%猪粪(F7M3)、50%化肥配施50%猪粪(F5M5)、30%化肥配施70%猪粪(F3M7)的稻穗不同部位籽粒含磷量。结果发现,化肥配施猪粪肥能有效促进水稻产量的增加与稻穗含磷量的下降,但猪粪肥配施与NPK处理的水稻籽粒吸磷量无明显差异;与NPK处理相比,猪粪肥配施可以显著降低一次枝梗与穗上部二次枝梗含磷量,并能有效降低不同穗位的籽粒含磷量。故猪粪肥能有效影响稻穗不同部位的磷含量,猪粪肥资源的合理利用有利于水稻的高产稳产。
In order to comprehensively assess the effects of swine manure application on grain P accumulation at different positions of rice spike in south China,four treatments were designed in the experiment,i.e.,mineral N,P and K(NPK),70% chemical fertilizers plus 30% swine manure(F7M3),50% chemical fertilizers plus 50% swine manure(F5M5),and 30% chemical fertilizers plus 70% swine manure(F3M7),the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in rice was 180 kg/hm~2,N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=3∶1∶2.5.The results showed that rice yield gradually increased and the P content of rice decreased significantly with the increasing proportion of swine manure.However,no significant difference was observed in total P uptake of rice grains between the swine manure and NPK treatments.Organic swine manure effectively reduced the P content in primary branch and in secondary branch from upper parts of spike,the P content of all parts of rice spike was decreased with the increasing of the rate of swine manure.Swine manure can effectively influence P content in different parts of rice,rational utilization of organic fertilizer resources will be beneficial to high and stable yield of rice.
In order to comprehensively assess the effects of swine manure application on grain P accumulation at different positions of rice spike in south China,four treatments were designed in the experiment,i.e.,mineral N,P and K(NPK),70% chemical fertilizers plus 30% swine manure(F7M3),50% chemical fertilizers plus 50% swine manure(F5M5),and 30% chemical fertilizers plus 70% swine manure(F3M7),the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied in rice was 180 kg/hm~2,N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=3∶1∶2.5.The results showed that rice yield gradually increased and the P content of rice decreased significantly with the increasing proportion of swine manure.However,no significant difference was observed in total P uptake of rice grains between the swine manure and NPK treatments.Organic swine manure effectively reduced the P content in primary branch and in secondary branch from upper parts of spike,the P content of all parts of rice spike was decreased with the increasing of the rate of swine manure.Swine manure can effectively influence P content in different parts of rice,rational utilization of organic fertilizer resources will be beneficial to high and stable yield of rice.
引文
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[2]Li H,Huang G,Meng Q,et al.Integrated soil and plant phosphorus management for crop and environment in China:a review[J].Plant and Soil,2011,349(1-2):157-167.
[3]Ongley E D,Zhang X L,Yu T.Current status of agricultural and rural non-point source pollution assessment in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2010,158(5):1159-1168.
[4]中华人民共和国环境保护部,中华人民共和国国家统计局,中华人民共和国农业部.第一次全国污染源普查公报[R].http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjgb/qttjgb/qgqttjgb/201002/t20100211_30641.html,2010-02-06.
[5]周思邈,韩鲁佳,杨增玲,等.碳化温度对畜禽粪便水热炭燃烧特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(23):233-240.
[6]侯红乾,刘秀梅,刘光荣,等.有机无机肥配施比例对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(3):516-523.
[7]高菊生,黄晶,董春华,等.长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(2):314-324.
[8]Bi L D,Zhang B,Liu G R,et al.Long-term effects of organic amendments on the rice yields for double rice cropping systems in subtropical China[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2009,129(4):534-541.
[9]Li Z P,Liu M,Wu X C,et al.Effects of long-term chemical fertilization and organic amendments on dynamics of soil organic C and total N in paddy soil derived from barren land in subtropical China[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2010,106(2):268-274.
[10]廖义善,卓慕宁,李定强,等.适当化肥配施有机肥减少稻田氮磷损失及提高产量[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(增刊1):210-217.
[11]张建兵,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.有机肥与覆盖方式对滩涂围垦农田水盐与作物产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(15):116-125.
[12]Peng S B,Tang Q Y,Zou Y B.Current status and challenges of rice production in China[J].Plant Production Science,2015,12(1):3-8.
[13]董明辉,惠锋,顾俊荣,等.灌浆期不同光强对水稻不同粒位籽粒品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(2):164-170.
[14]Yang J C,Peng S B,Visperas R M,et al.Grain filling pattern and cytokine in content in the grains and roots of rice plants[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2000,30(3):261-270.
[15]董明辉,陈培峰,乔中英,等.水稻不同粒位籽粒米质对花后不同时段温度胁迫的响应[J].作物学报,2011,37(3):506-513.
[16]杨建昌.水稻弱势粒灌浆机理与调控途径[J].作物学报,2010,36(12):2011-2019.
[17]Mohapatra P K,Patel R,Sahu S K.Time of flowering affects grain quality and spikelet partitioning within the rice panicle[J].Aust J Plant Physiol,1993,20:231-242.
[18]张小明,石春海,堀内久满,等.粳稻穗部不同部位米粒直链淀粉含量的差异分析[J].作物学报,2002,28(1):99-103.
[19]董明辉,桑大志,王朋,等.不同施氮水平下水稻穗上不同部位籽粒的蒸煮与营养品质变化[J].中国水稻科学,2006,20(4):389-395.
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[21]陈智慧,王火焰,周健民,等.不同钾素水平对水稻不同部位含钾量的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(3):489-494.
[22]王美娥,陈明,袁晓明,等.磷肥不同施用量对水稻群体和产量的影响[J].上海农业科技,2015,(3):139-140.
[23]商全玉.减氮增磷施肥技术对高寒地区水稻产量及物质积累的影响[J].中国稻米,2013,(5):81-83.
[24]郭朝晖,李合松,张杨珠,等.磷素水平对杂交水稻生长发育和磷素运移的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2002,(2):151-156.
[25]王丽萍,解保胜,顾春梅,等.磷肥运筹和试验品种对寒地粳稻干物质积累与转运的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017,(2):76-81.
[26]徐明岗,李冬初,李菊梅,等.化肥有机肥配施对水稻养分吸收和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(10):3133-3139.
[27]牛新胜,巨晓棠.我国有机肥料资源及利用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(6):1462-1479.
[28]王永壮,陈欣,史奕.农田土壤中磷素有效性及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):260-268.
[29]Higgs B,Johnston A E,Salter J L,et al.Some aspects of achieving sustainable phosphorus use in agriculture[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2000,29(1):80-87.
[30]Heckrath G,Brookes P C,Poulton P R,et al.Phosphorus leaching from soils containing different phosphorus concentrations in the broad balk experiment[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1995,24(5):904-910.