基于地形梯度的湘西地区生态系统服务价值时空变化
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摘要
为探究土地利用和生态系统服务价值(ecosystemservicevalue,ESV)随不同地形因子变化的情况,本文利用湘西地区1990年、1995年、2000年、2005年、2010年及2015年6期遥感数据、野外调研数据和统计数据,分析了湘西不同土地利用类型在不同地形梯度上的变化、生态系统服务价值的时空变化及土地利用格局与ESV的相关性。研究结果表明:1)受人类活动影响较大的土地利用类型如耕地和建设用地主要分布在较低高度及坡度梯度上,山体南面和东面方向各类型土地面积较大。林地在不同地形梯度上均为最主要的土地利用类型。建设用地面积在不同地形梯度上随时间均明显呈增加趋势。2)ESV在海拔梯度上表现为先减少后增加,且海拔越高, ESV随时间变化的增长幅度越小; ESV随坡度增大而增大,且25年间最小坡度梯度上增长量最多;ESV随着地形位指数上升而增大;坡向变化中,东南方向出现ESV最低值,西北方向出现ESV最高值,东和西北方向ESV随时间增长量最大。3)相关性分析表明,林地、草地在坡度和地形位梯度上的变化与ESV变化呈正相关。湘西地区土地利用变化及生态系统服务价值随地形变化的差异明显。本研究为合理布局和保护我国南方丘陵山地区域的生态用地,发挥湘西地区的生态屏障作用提供了理论依据和决策支持。
To understand the change of land use and ecosystem service value(ESV) on different terrain gradients, this study used remote sensing data, field data and statistic data of Xiangxi region in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 to analyze the change of each land use types along the gradients of elevation, slope, aspect and terrain index, which were classified into five levels by quantile method, respectively. The study also evaluated the ESV with XIE Gaodi's method to explore the spatio-temporal change of ESV in Xiangxi region. And R Studio and Pearson correlations were used to analyze correlation between areas changes of different land use types and change of ESV with terrain gradients. The results showed that: 1) areas of different land use types were significantly different on different terrain gradients. The human-activity-affected cropland and construction land mainly distributed on low gradients of elevation, slope and terrain index, while the natural systems, such as forestland and grassland, were mainly on high gradients of the three terrain factors. The south and east slopes were with larger areas of each land use type. Forestland occupied about 70%area on every terrain gradient, and the construction land area significantly increased on every terrain gradient over 25 years. 2) ESV decreased first and then increased with increasing elevation. From 1990 to 2015, ESV increased at lower elevation gradient, however,change was slighter at higher elevation, and it even decreased on the highest elevation gradient. ESV increased with slope growth.Over 25 years, ESV increased most on the lowest slope gradient. In a similar way, ESV evenly increased with increasing terrain index gradient. ESV was the lowest in southeast slope, highest in northwest slope, and increased most in east and northwest slopes from1990 to 2015. 3) Correlations between change of land use types areas and ESV with gradients of elevation, slope, aspect, terrain index were different. On elevation gradient, grassland area change significantly positively correlated with ESV change. On slope gradient, forestland and grassland areas changes both had extremely positive correlation with ESV change. On aspect gradient, cropland and unused land areas changes had extremely negative correlation with ESV change, while forestland had a significant positive correlation. On terrain index gradient, areas changes of forestland and grassland were significantly correlated with change of ESV. In summary, the changes of land use and ESV were obviously different regarding topography. Forestland and grassland were two important land use types for improvement of ESV in mountain area of Xiangxi region.
To understand the change of land use and ecosystem service value(ESV) on different terrain gradients, this study used remote sensing data, field data and statistic data of Xiangxi region in 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 to analyze the change of each land use types along the gradients of elevation, slope, aspect and terrain index, which were classified into five levels by quantile method, respectively. The study also evaluated the ESV with XIE Gaodi's method to explore the spatio-temporal change of ESV in Xiangxi region. And R Studio and Pearson correlations were used to analyze correlation between areas changes of different land use types and change of ESV with terrain gradients. The results showed that: 1) areas of different land use types were significantly different on different terrain gradients. The human-activity-affected cropland and construction land mainly distributed on low gradients of elevation, slope and terrain index, while the natural systems, such as forestland and grassland, were mainly on high gradients of the three terrain factors. The south and east slopes were with larger areas of each land use type. Forestland occupied about 70%area on every terrain gradient, and the construction land area significantly increased on every terrain gradient over 25 years. 2) ESV decreased first and then increased with increasing elevation. From 1990 to 2015, ESV increased at lower elevation gradient, however,change was slighter at higher elevation, and it even decreased on the highest elevation gradient. ESV increased with slope growth.Over 25 years, ESV increased most on the lowest slope gradient. In a similar way, ESV evenly increased with increasing terrain index gradient. ESV was the lowest in southeast slope, highest in northwest slope, and increased most in east and northwest slopes from1990 to 2015. 3) Correlations between change of land use types areas and ESV with gradients of elevation, slope, aspect, terrain index were different. On elevation gradient, grassland area change significantly positively correlated with ESV change. On slope gradient, forestland and grassland areas changes both had extremely positive correlation with ESV change. On aspect gradient, cropland and unused land areas changes had extremely negative correlation with ESV change, while forestland had a significant positive correlation. On terrain index gradient, areas changes of forestland and grassland were significantly correlated with change of ESV. In summary, the changes of land use and ESV were obviously different regarding topography. Forestland and grassland were two important land use types for improvement of ESV in mountain area of Xiangxi region.
引文
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[5]张艳军,官冬杰,翟俊,等.重庆市生态系统服务功能价值时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):1169-1177ZHANG Y J,GUAN D J,ZHAI J,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of ecosystem services value in Chongqing City[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2017,37(3):1169-1177
[6]游巍斌,何东进,巫丽芸,等.山岳旅游地生态服务价值时空分异及其与环境因子关系--以武夷山风景名胜区为例[J].山地学报,2012,30(1):113-120YOU W B,HE D J,WU L Y,et al.Spatial-temporal variation of landscape service value and its correlation with ambient environmental factors in mountain resorts-A case study of Wuyishan Scenery District[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2012,30(1):113-120
[7]满苏尔·沙比提,娜斯曼·那斯尔丁,艾萨迪拉·玉苏甫.天山托木尔峰国家级自然保护区生态系统服务价值评估[J].山地学报,2016,34(5):599-605SABIT M,NASIRDIN N,YUSUP A.Evaluation on ecosystem service value of Tianshan Tomur National Nature Reserve[J].Mountain Research,2016,34(5):599-605
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[9]李敏.基于土地利用变化的生态系统服务价值研究--来自2000-2013年淮南市土地利用的经验证据[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2015LI M.Study on ecosystem services value based on land use change-Empirical evidence from Huainan City during2000-2013[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2015
[10]王盼盼.东北区县域土地利用景观格局演变及驱动机制研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2015WANG P P.Study on the county’s landscape pattern change characteristics and its driving mechanism in the Northeast China[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2015
[11]顾泽贤,赵筱青,高翔宇,等.澜沧县景观格局变化及其生态系统服务价值评价[J].生态科学,2016,35(5):143-153GU Z X,ZHAO X Q,GAO X Y,et al.Change of landscape pattern and it’s evaluation of ecosystem services values in Lancang County[J].Ecological Science,2016,35(5):143-153
[12]刘桂林,张落成,张倩.长三角地区土地利用时空变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3311-3319LIU G L,ZHANG L C,ZHANG Q.Spatial and temporal dynamics of land use and its influence on ecosystem service value in Yangtze River Delta[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3311-3319
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[14]王晓峰,薛亚永,张园.基于地形梯度的陕西省生态系统服务价值评估[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(5):1432-1439WANG X F,XUE Y Y,ZHANG Y.Assessing the ecosystem service values in Shaanxi Province based on terrain[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(5):1432-1439
[15]朱昌丽,张继飞,赵宇鸾,等.青藏高原东缘典型流域生态系统服务的地形梯度效应--以岷江上游为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(10):1687-1699ZHU C L,ZHANG J F,ZHAO Y L,et al.Topographic gradient effects of typical watershed ecosystem services in the eastern Tibetan Plateau-A case study of the upper reaches of Minjiang River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2017,26(10):1687-1699
[16]邹月,周忠学.西安市景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2629-2639ZOU Y,ZHOU Z X.Impact of landscape pattern change on ecosystem service value of Xi’an City,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(8):2629-2639
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[18]郜红娟,韩会庆,罗绪强,等.贵州省生态系统服务价值与社会经济空间相关性分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):262-266GAO H J,HAN H Q,LUO X Q,et al.Spatial correlation of socioeconomic factors and ecosystem service values in Guizhou Province[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(2):262-266
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