不同饼肥配比对烤烟生长发育、抗氧化酶活性及经济性状的影响
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摘要
为探讨菜籽饼肥部分替代芝麻饼肥施用技术,采用田间试验研究了不同饼肥配比对烤烟生长发育、抗氧化酶活性及经济性状的影响。结果表明,在移栽后60 d,单独施用芝麻和菜籽饼肥均能促进烟株的生长发育,随着菜籽饼肥比例的增加,烟叶SPAD值有上升的趋势;与不施饼肥对照处理相比,除处理T6(100%菜籽饼肥)外,其他处理均提高了过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,施用饼肥处理间相比,以处理T3(70%芝麻饼肥+30%菜籽饼肥)的CAT活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和SOD活性最高。从经济经状看,施用饼肥处理间相比,处理T5(30%芝麻饼肥+70%菜籽饼肥)产量最高,而处理T3在产值和均价方面均最高。综合来看,在生产中可以利用菜籽饼肥代替部分芝麻饼肥,芝麻饼肥与菜籽饼肥适宜的比例为7∶3。
To discuss the application technique of partial replacing sesame cake fertilizer with rapeseed cake fertilizer, field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different cake fertilizer application ratios on the growth, anti-oxidative enzymes and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that at 60 d after transplanting, both of sesame cake fertilizer and rapeseed cake fertilizers applicate alone could promote tobacco plant growth. The SPAD value increased with the increase of rapeseed cake fertilizer ratio. Except treatment T6(100% rapeseed cake fertilizer), compared with treatment T1(only chemical fertilizer), cake fertilizer application increased the Catalase(CAT)activity and Superoxide dismutase(POD)activity of tobacco leaves. Among different cake fertilizer application treatments, the CAT, Peroxidase(POD)and SOD activities of treatment T3(70% sesame cake fertilizer + 30%rapeseed cake fertilizer)were the highest. Analysis from economic characters, the yield of treatment T5(30% sesame cake fertilizer +70% rapeseed cake fertilizer)was the highest, while the output value and average price of treatment T3 were the highest among different cake fertilizer application treatments. Compared comprehensively, partial replacing sesame cake fertilizer with rapeseed cake fertilizer can be applied to tobacco production and the optimum ratio of sesame cake fertilizer and rapeseed cake fertilizer is 7∶3.
To discuss the application technique of partial replacing sesame cake fertilizer with rapeseed cake fertilizer, field experiment was carried out to study the effects of different cake fertilizer application ratios on the growth, anti-oxidative enzymes and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that at 60 d after transplanting, both of sesame cake fertilizer and rapeseed cake fertilizers applicate alone could promote tobacco plant growth. The SPAD value increased with the increase of rapeseed cake fertilizer ratio. Except treatment T6(100% rapeseed cake fertilizer), compared with treatment T1(only chemical fertilizer), cake fertilizer application increased the Catalase(CAT)activity and Superoxide dismutase(POD)activity of tobacco leaves. Among different cake fertilizer application treatments, the CAT, Peroxidase(POD)and SOD activities of treatment T3(70% sesame cake fertilizer + 30%rapeseed cake fertilizer)were the highest. Analysis from economic characters, the yield of treatment T5(30% sesame cake fertilizer +70% rapeseed cake fertilizer)was the highest, while the output value and average price of treatment T3 were the highest among different cake fertilizer application treatments. Compared comprehensively, partial replacing sesame cake fertilizer with rapeseed cake fertilizer can be applied to tobacco production and the optimum ratio of sesame cake fertilizer and rapeseed cake fertilizer is 7∶3.
引文
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[19]李佛琳,赵春江,王纪华,等.应用叶绿素计诊断烤烟氮素营养状况[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(1):136-142.
[20]王典,吴照辉,郭芳阳,等.叶绿素仪在河南平原烟区烤烟上的应用[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(3):51-56.
[21]李璇,岳红,王升,等.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(7):973-978.
[2]陈玉国,李小杰,王海涛,等.烟田有机肥配施对烤烟抗病性和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(6):38-42.
[3]李建平,李进平,秦铁伟,等.饼肥配施对神农架周边烟区烤烟产量和质量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(8):10-13.
[4]王绪涵,夏腾,于立芝,等.不同种类有机肥对韭菜生长及产量的影响[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(11):1646-1647,1652.
[5]陈乐,马兴华,邢瑶,等.饼肥与化肥配施对植烟土壤无机氮供应及相关酶活性的影响[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(3):52-55.
[6]武雪萍,刘增俊,赵跃华,等.施用芝麻饼肥对植烟根际土壤酶活性和微生物碳、氮的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(4):541-546.
[7]毛家伟,孙大为,张翔,等.不同有机肥对烤烟云烟87生长发育及土壤肥力的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016,45(9):41-45.
[8]田仁进,马家丽.菜籽饼肥的不同施用量对普安烤烟品质的影响[J].农技服务,2017,34(10):46-49.
[9]韩锦峰,吕巧灵,杨素勤,等.饼肥种类及其与化肥配比对烤烟生长发育及产质的影响[J].河南农业科学,1998(3):11-14.
[10]张书芬,朱家成,王建平,等.河南省油菜产区土壤中微量元素及有机质状况分析[J].河南农业科学,2011,40(11):63-66.
[11]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.
[12]毛家伟,张翔,叶红朝,等.生物质炭对豫西烤烟生长、SPAD值及经济性状的影响[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(8):851-853,883.
[13]董亮,何永志,王远亮,等.超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的应用研究进展[J].中国农业科技导报,2013,15(5):53-58.
[14]卢素萍,赵铭钦,刘鹏飞,等.不同光质条件下烤烟叶片衰老的生理效应研究[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(7):1595-1599.
[15]唐莉娜,陈顺辉.不同种类有机肥与化肥配施对烤烟生长和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(11):258-262.
[16]许晨曦.不同种类肥料对烤烟生长发育及品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2012.
[17]胡建斌.菜籽饼肥施用量和施用方式对邵阳烤烟生长及产质量的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011.
[18]刘英,刘强,刘建丰.不同外源有机物料组合对植烟土壤理化性状和酶活性的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(10):89-93.
[19]李佛琳,赵春江,王纪华,等.应用叶绿素计诊断烤烟氮素营养状况[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(1):136-142.
[20]王典,吴照辉,郭芳阳,等.叶绿素仪在河南平原烟区烤烟上的应用[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(3):51-56.
[21]李璇,岳红,王升,等.影响植物抗氧化酶活性的因素及其研究热点和现状[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(7):973-978.