三种菌肥对苹果连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响
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摘要
【目的】以平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)幼苗为试材,在连作土盆栽条件下探讨了圆弧青霉D12、哈茨木霉、草酸青霉A1三种不同菌肥对其生长和土壤环境的影响,为研究苹果连作障碍的缓解措施提供理论依据。【方法】试验共设置5个处理:载体基质对照(CK1)、连作土壤(CK2)、连作土施加圆弧青霉D12菌肥(T1)、连作土施加哈茨木霉菌肥(T2)、连作土施加草酸青霉A1菌肥(T3)。菌肥加入量按照连作土壤质量比的1.6%,在幼苗移栽前与连作土壤混合。于2017年8月份测定平邑甜茶生物量、土壤酚酸含量和土壤微生物等相关指标。【结果】与对照相比,施加三种菌肥后对平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量均有不同程度的促进作用,其中施加哈茨木霉(T2)和草酸青霉A1菌肥(T3)效果相对较好,其株高、地径、鲜重、干重较CK2分别增加53.3%、56.0%、40.6%、106.3%,53.3%、56.0%、40.9%、99.8%,施加载体基质(CK1)较连作对照(CK2)在鲜重、干重方面差别较小;施加三种菌肥后,土壤酶活性有显著性提高;其中圆弧青霉D12(T1)、哈茨木霉(T2)、草酸青霉A1 (T3)的中性磷酸酶活性分别为对照的1.60倍、1.74倍、1.65倍,施加三种菌肥处理的效果明显,与对照处理差异显著;施加三种菌肥均增加了土壤中细菌、放线菌的数量,较连作对照(CK2),施加三种菌肥后细菌数量分别增加1.79、1.88、2.07倍,降低了土壤中腐皮镰孢菌的基因拷贝数,与连作处理(CK2)相比分别降低了63.3%、70.7%、73.2%;与连作土对照相比,施加三种菌肥后降低了土壤中酚酸物质的含量,其中根皮苷、根皮素分别降低了62.6%、64.9%、69.8%,77.9%、78.9%、78.3%。【结论】施加三种菌肥均可提高连作平邑甜茶幼苗的生物量、根系呼吸速率以及土壤酶活性,降低土壤腐皮镰孢菌的基因拷贝数,但施加草酸青霉A1和哈茨木霉效果更为显著,可作为减缓苹果连作障碍的良好防控措施。
【Objectives】Three kinds of microbial fertilizers, Penicillium cyclopium D12, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium oxalicum A1, were studied to investigate their effects on stimulating the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and alleviating the soil born disease, and there by provided tools for the use of replanted apple soil.【Methods】Soil was collected from an apple replanted orchard for a pot experiment, using M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings as tested materials. The experiment included five treatments, the carrier of fertilizers(CK1), only apple replanted orchard soil(CK2), Penicillium cyclopium D12 fertilizer(T1),Trichoderma harzianum fertilizer(T2) and Penicillium oxalicum A1 fertilizer(T3). The fertilizer amount was1.6% of the pot soil, and mixed with the soil before transplanting of seedlings. The biomass, phenolic acid content in soil, and soil microorganisms were investigated in August 2017.【Results】Both the CK1 and the CK2 had no significant differences in fresh weight and dry weight. Compared with CK1 and CK2, all the treatments with the three fertilizers improved the biomass amounts of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. T2 and T3 demonstrated more beneficial effects than T1 did. T2 increased the plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight and dry weigh by53.3%, 56.0%, 40.6%, 106.3%, and T3 increased by 53.3%, 56.0%, 40.9%, 99.8%, respectively. All the three fertilizer treatments significantly improved the soil enzyme activities and bacteria population, and decreased the actinomycetes population. Compared with CK2, the neutral phosphatase activities were increased by 1.60 folds,1.74 folds, and 1.65 folds with T1, T2 and T3 treatments, respectively; the soil bacteria population was increased by 179%, 188%, and 207%, respectively; and the gene copy number of Fusarium solani were decreased by63.3%, 70.7%, and 73.2%, respectively. Compared with the CK2, applying the three fertilizers reduced the phenolic acid contents in soil. The contents of phlorizin and phloretin were decreased by 62.6%, 64.9%, 69.8%and 77.9%, 78.9%, 78.3%, respectively.【Conclusions】The tested three microbial fertilizers show satisfactory effects in alleviating the replanted obstacles of the apple orchard soil by increasing the soil enzyme activity and bacteria population, and decreasing the gene copy number of Fusarium solani, so improving the biomass of M.hupehensis Rehd. seedlings significantly. Microbial fertilizers containing Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium oxalicum A1 reveal better effects than Penicillium cyclopium D12.
【Objectives】Three kinds of microbial fertilizers, Penicillium cyclopium D12, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium oxalicum A1, were studied to investigate their effects on stimulating the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and alleviating the soil born disease, and there by provided tools for the use of replanted apple soil.【Methods】Soil was collected from an apple replanted orchard for a pot experiment, using M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings as tested materials. The experiment included five treatments, the carrier of fertilizers(CK1), only apple replanted orchard soil(CK2), Penicillium cyclopium D12 fertilizer(T1),Trichoderma harzianum fertilizer(T2) and Penicillium oxalicum A1 fertilizer(T3). The fertilizer amount was1.6% of the pot soil, and mixed with the soil before transplanting of seedlings. The biomass, phenolic acid content in soil, and soil microorganisms were investigated in August 2017.【Results】Both the CK1 and the CK2 had no significant differences in fresh weight and dry weight. Compared with CK1 and CK2, all the treatments with the three fertilizers improved the biomass amounts of M. hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. T2 and T3 demonstrated more beneficial effects than T1 did. T2 increased the plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight and dry weigh by53.3%, 56.0%, 40.6%, 106.3%, and T3 increased by 53.3%, 56.0%, 40.9%, 99.8%, respectively. All the three fertilizer treatments significantly improved the soil enzyme activities and bacteria population, and decreased the actinomycetes population. Compared with CK2, the neutral phosphatase activities were increased by 1.60 folds,1.74 folds, and 1.65 folds with T1, T2 and T3 treatments, respectively; the soil bacteria population was increased by 179%, 188%, and 207%, respectively; and the gene copy number of Fusarium solani were decreased by63.3%, 70.7%, and 73.2%, respectively. Compared with the CK2, applying the three fertilizers reduced the phenolic acid contents in soil. The contents of phlorizin and phloretin were decreased by 62.6%, 64.9%, 69.8%and 77.9%, 78.9%, 78.3%, respectively.【Conclusions】The tested three microbial fertilizers show satisfactory effects in alleviating the replanted obstacles of the apple orchard soil by increasing the soil enzyme activity and bacteria population, and decreasing the gene copy number of Fusarium solani, so improving the biomass of M.hupehensis Rehd. seedlings significantly. Microbial fertilizers containing Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium oxalicum A1 reveal better effects than Penicillium cyclopium D12.
引文
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[9]Weindling R.Trichoderma lignorum as a parasite of other soil fungi[J].Phytopathology,1932,22:837-845.
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