采暖方式对农宅室内环境的影响
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摘要
随着农村经济的发展和人们对冬季采暖时室内环境质量及其对人体健康影响的重视,为研究不同采暖方式对农宅室内环境的影响,本文在两个采暖季,在甘肃省民勤县选取一座农宅,在临洮县选取两座农宅,从室内热环境和室内空气质量两方面对比试验研究传统落地炕采暖、新型架空炕采暖、家用燃煤锅炉散热器采暖和太阳能散热器采暖四种采暖方式下的农宅室内环境,根据农村住宅建筑的实际使用情况,并参照《GB/T 5701—2008室内热环境条件》和《GB/T18883—2002室内空气质量标准》,确定室内热环境和室内空气质量的测试参数分别为室内温度、室内相对湿度、室内风速、室内平均辐射温度以及室内颗粒物(PM10和PM2.5)、CO、CO2和SO2。研究结果表明:开始供暖后,太阳能采暖房间室内热舒适等级为Ⅰ级,室内空气质量等级为Ⅱ级,室内空气未受到污染,室内空气中的污染物对健康人群基本无影响;燃煤锅炉采暖房间夜间室内舒适等级为Ⅱ级,室内空气质量等级为Ⅳ级;架空炕采暖房间和落地炕采暖房间室内热舒适度等级为Ⅲ级,室内空气质量等级为Ⅴ级。可知太阳能采暖下供暖房间的室内热环境与室内空气质量最优,具有极高的推广价值。
With the development of rural economy and the attention of people to the indoor environment quality and the influence on human health during the winter heating,in order to study the influence of different heating methods on the indoor environment of rural residence,this paper selects a rural house from Minqin County and Lintao County of Gansu Province in two heating seasons,from indoor thermal environment and indoor air quality,the traditional floor Kang heating,overhead Kang heating,household coal-fired boiler radiator heating and solar radiator heating were studied.According to the actual use of rural residential buildings,and referring to the"GB/T 5701—2008 indoor thermal environment conditions"and "GB/T 18883—2002 indoor air quality standard",the indoor thermal environment and indoor air quality test parameters are determined as indoor temperature,indoor relative humidity,indoor wind speed,indoor average radiation temperature and indoor particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5),CO,CO2 and SO2.The results show that the indoor thermal comfort level of the solar energy heating room is grade I after heating,and the indoor air quality grade is class II,the indoor air is not polluted,and the pollutants in the indoor air have no effect on the healthy population.The indoor comfort level of coal fired boiler heating room is grade II,and indoor air quality grade is grade IV.The indoor thermal comfort level of the floor Kang heating room and the over head Kang heating room is grade III,and the indoor air quality grade is grade V.It is known that the indoor thermal environment and the indoor air quality of the heating rooms under solar energy heating are the best,which has high promotion value.
With the development of rural economy and the attention of people to the indoor environment quality and the influence on human health during the winter heating,in order to study the influence of different heating methods on the indoor environment of rural residence,this paper selects a rural house from Minqin County and Lintao County of Gansu Province in two heating seasons,from indoor thermal environment and indoor air quality,the traditional floor Kang heating,overhead Kang heating,household coal-fired boiler radiator heating and solar radiator heating were studied.According to the actual use of rural residential buildings,and referring to the"GB/T 5701—2008 indoor thermal environment conditions"and "GB/T 18883—2002 indoor air quality standard",the indoor thermal environment and indoor air quality test parameters are determined as indoor temperature,indoor relative humidity,indoor wind speed,indoor average radiation temperature and indoor particulate matter(PM10 and PM2.5),CO,CO2 and SO2.The results show that the indoor thermal comfort level of the solar energy heating room is grade I after heating,and the indoor air quality grade is class II,the indoor air is not polluted,and the pollutants in the indoor air have no effect on the healthy population.The indoor comfort level of coal fired boiler heating room is grade II,and indoor air quality grade is grade IV.The indoor thermal comfort level of the floor Kang heating room and the over head Kang heating room is grade III,and the indoor air quality grade is grade V.It is known that the indoor thermal environment and the indoor air quality of the heating rooms under solar energy heating are the best,which has high promotion value.
引文
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[2]Yonezawa S,Mae M,Miura H,et al.Measurements and assessment of indoor thermal environment with a wood stove[J].Aij Journal of Technology&Design,2016,22(50):171-176.
[3]Mullen N A,Li J,Russell M L,et al.Results of the California healthy homes indoor air quality study of 2011—2013:Impact of natural gas appliances on air pollutant concentrations[J].Indoor Air,2016,26(2):231-245.
[4]Ezezue A M,Diogu J O.Investigation of indoor air quality of residential buildings in Enugu,Nigeria[J].Journal of Architectural Engineering Technology,2017,6(2):206.
[5]Li B Z,Du C Q,Yao R M,et al.Indoor thermal environments in Chinese residential buildings responding to the diversity of climates[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2018,129:693-708.
[6]唐瑞.严寒地区农宅和城市建筑室内空气品质研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.Tang Rui.Study on indoor air quality at rural houses and urban buildings in severe cold region[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2014.
[7]GB/T 5701—2008,室内热环境条件[S].
[8]GB/T 18883—2002,室内空气质量标准[S].
[9]GB/T 50785—2012,民用建筑室内热湿环境评价标准[S].
[10]王俊芳.生物质秸秆露天焚烧污染物排放特性及排放规模研究[D].杭州:浙江大学.2017.Wang Junfang.Study on pollutant emissions and emission inventory from open burning of biomass straw[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2017.
[11]王昭俊,谢栋栋,唐瑞.严寒地区冬季农宅室内燃烧污染及相关性[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(6):60-64.Wang Zhaojun,Xie Dongdong,Tang Rui.Indoor air pollutants and their correlation at rural houses in severe cold region in winter[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,46(6):60-64.
[12]王昭俊,唐瑞.严寒地区冬季农宅室内空气品质评价[J].建筑科学,2016,32(2):48-53.Wang Zhaojun,Tang Rui.Evaluation on indoor air quality at rural houses in severe cold region in winter[J].Building Science,2016,32(2):48-53.