从宋代“客星”到中国“天眼”中的脉冲星——“李约瑟难题”试答
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摘要
研究和分析了中国古代天文学的辉煌成就与当今中国"天眼"——500 m口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)科学目标——脉冲星的关系。针对宋朝天文学家记录的客星与FAST正在进行的脉冲星观测,详述了宋代客星记录在世界科技史上的贡献;介绍了脉冲星发现历史与基本天体物理特征,以及脉冲星作为FAST科学目标的意义。以客星到脉冲星的千年追寻为线索,探索和尝试回答"李约瑟难题",认为现代科学是人类文明共同体的长期探索结晶,中国在科学早期的发育过程中播撒了创新火种,而西方在文艺复兴运动中不断完善了科学体系,其中东西方科技的交流与传播得益于蒙古帝国在丝绸之路的远征与开拓。
This paper analyzes the relationship between the achievements of the ancient astronomy and the scientific goal of the FAST(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope) in China. The guest star, recorded firstly by the astronomers of Song dynasty in 1054, was recognized as the supernova explosion and shown as a Crab nebula, in which a pulsar was formed. Now, the FAST is making the pulsar observation, for understanding the above guest star. The pulsar and its discovery history are reviewed in this paper; furthermore, with a scientific confidence, based on the guest star recorded in 1054 and the FAST for the pulsar search, we try to answer the hard question put forward by Joseph Needham on why the modern scientific revolution did not happen in China despite the high prosperity reached in Song dynasty. It is well acknowledged that science is a common property of the mankind, while China made a great contribution to its initial development, Europe did its best in the Renaissance, and the expansion of Mongol helped the scientific and cultural exchange between the East and the West.
This paper analyzes the relationship between the achievements of the ancient astronomy and the scientific goal of the FAST(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope) in China. The guest star, recorded firstly by the astronomers of Song dynasty in 1054, was recognized as the supernova explosion and shown as a Crab nebula, in which a pulsar was formed. Now, the FAST is making the pulsar observation, for understanding the above guest star. The pulsar and its discovery history are reviewed in this paper; furthermore, with a scientific confidence, based on the guest star recorded in 1054 and the FAST for the pulsar search, we try to answer the hard question put forward by Joseph Needham on why the modern scientific revolution did not happen in China despite the high prosperity reached in Song dynasty. It is well acknowledged that science is a common property of the mankind, while China made a great contribution to its initial development, Europe did its best in the Renaissance, and the expansion of Mongol helped the scientific and cultural exchange between the East and the West.
引文
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[12]温学诗,吴鑫基.已获辉煌继续辉煌——脉冲星研究的科学意义[J].现代物理知识,1995(4):12-16.Wen Xueshi,Wu Xinji.The scientific significance for research of pulsar[J].Modern Physics,1995(4):12-16.
[13]闫振,沈志强.FAST——脉冲星观测研究的利器[J].科技导报,2017,35(24):16-19.Yan Zhen,Shen Zhiqiang.FAST:A sharp tool to do pulsar studies[J].Science&Technology Review,2017,35(24):16-19.
[2]李约瑟.中国科学技术史[M].第1卷.剑桥:剑桥大学出版社,1954,50-58.Joseph Needham.Science and civilization in China[M].Vol I.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1954:50-58.
[3]Hewish A,Bell S J,Pilkington J,et al.Observation of a rapidly pulsating radio source[J].Nature,1968,217(5130):709-713.
[4]Lyne A,Graham-Smith F.Pulsar astronomy[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2012.
[5]Lorimer D R,Kramer M.Handbook of pulsar Astronomy[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2012:30.
[6]Manchester R N,Hobbs,Teoh A,et al.The Australia telescope national facility pulsar catalogue[J].Astronomical Journal,2005,129(4):1993-2006.
[7]南仁东.500 m球反射面射电望远镜FAST[J].中国科学:物理学·力学·天文学,2005(5):3-20.Nan Rendong.Five-hundred-meter aperture spherical telescope[J].Sciece China Physics,Mechanics&Astronomy,2005(5):3-
[8]张承民,杨佚沿,支启军.脉冲星发现50年:科学意义与未来观测[J].科学,2017(6):50-52.Zhang Chengmin,Yang Yiyan,Zhi Qijun.The 50th anniversary of pulsar discovery:Scientific significance and future observation[J].Science,2017,69(6):50-52.
[9]吴鑫基.帕克斯射电望远镜与脉冲星巡天发现——纪念脉冲星发现50年[J].科学,2017(6):43-49.Wu Xinji.The Parks radio telescope and the survey of the Parks—On the 50th anniversary of the pulsar discovery[J].Science,2017,69(6):43-49.
[10]Hulse R A,Taylor J H.Discovery of a pulsar in a binary system[J],Astrophysical Journal,1975,195(15):L51-L53.
[11]张承民,王培,杨佚沿.FAST脉冲星发现新视野[J].科技导报,2017,35(21):12-13.Zhang Chengmin,Wang Pei,Yang Yiyan.New horizon of FAST pulsar discovery[J].Science&Technology Review,2017,35(21):12-13.
[12]温学诗,吴鑫基.已获辉煌继续辉煌——脉冲星研究的科学意义[J].现代物理知识,1995(4):12-16.Wen Xueshi,Wu Xinji.The scientific significance for research of pulsar[J].Modern Physics,1995(4):12-16.
[13]闫振,沈志强.FAST——脉冲星观测研究的利器[J].科技导报,2017,35(24):16-19.Yan Zhen,Shen Zhiqiang.FAST:A sharp tool to do pulsar studies[J].Science&Technology Review,2017,35(24):16-19.