广德新岭轻稀土矿床地球化学特征及控矿因素
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摘要
离子吸附型稀土矿床是一个具有显著经济价值的矿床。安徽省广德县新岭稀土矿产于北纬30°以北地区,它是一个以轻稀土矿富集为主,有异于南方以重稀土为主的新型矿床。通过采集样品,运用XRF、电感耦合等离子质谱仪ICP-MS测试方法,进行主微量与稀土元素分析测试。主量元素表明,刘村岩体是一个源自于深源的玄武质熔浆,受壳源混染作用形成花岗闪长岩;微量元素中高强场小半径的离子如Th、U和稀土元素趋于富集;稀土配分型式呈明显右倾的"V"型,(La/Yb)N7.30,δEu 0.31,δCe 1.47。据稀土元素与微量元素的相关分析得知:铈族稀土元素与Th、Nb、Ta、Zr、Ba、Be、P、Ni、Cu、Fe的相关系数较大,与W为负相关;钇族稀土元素与Ba、Cd、In、Co、Zn、W关系密切,与其它多为负相关关系。与赣南地区离子吸附型稀土矿床比较,两者∑REE、LREE/HREE、(La/Yb)N、δEu、δCe存在差异。新岭稀土矿化产于刘村花岗闪长岩体风化壳全风化层内,稀土矿物主要以铈族矿物为主,含少量钇族类矿物。氧化稀土平均品位为0.055%,矿石中LREE/HREE为3.79,属于轻稀土类型。矿石组分有独居石、褐帘石、少量磷钇矿等。控矿因素是含矿母岩体和地形、地貌条件。
The ion-adsorption type rare earth deposits developed in weathering crust are of significant economic values.Xinling rare earth deposit is located in 30 degrees north latitude,Guangde County,Anhui Province,China,which is a new deposit mainly riched in light rare earth element,and it is different from those enriched heavy REE deposits from South China.Through collecting samples,both main and trace elements and REE have been measured by using XRF and ICP-MS test methods. The characteristics of main elements indicate that Liucun rock mass is a granodiorite-body which was derived from the deep source of the earth by the mixing with the crust material. Among the trace elements those ions of high strength field and small radius such as Th,U and rare earth elements tend to be enriched. The REE patterns have shown obvious"V"type curves inclining gently to the right.( La/Yb)N= 7. 30,δEu = 0. 31,δCe = 1. 47. According to the correlation analysis of the REE and trace elements,the correlation coefficients between Ce group elements and Nb,Ta,Zr,Ba,be,P,Ni,Cu,Fe are larger. The yttrium group elements are closely related to Ba,Cd,In,Co,Zn,W,but negatively related to others trace elements. Compared with Xinling REE deposits and ion adsorption type REE deposits in Gannan region there exist some obvious differences in ∑REE,LREE/HREE,( La/Yb)N,Eu,Ce. The Xinling REE deposit was formed in the whole weathered layer within the weathered crust of Liucun granodiorite. REE's minerals consist of mainly Ce group minerals and less Yb group minerals. The average grade of the oxidized REE is 0. 055%,and the LREE/HREE is 3. 79 in the ore. It indicates that the Xinling REE deposit belongs to LREE's type. Ore's components have monazite,allanite and a little mount xenotime etc.Factors of controlling ore have the parent rock mass and conditions of topography and landform.
The ion-adsorption type rare earth deposits developed in weathering crust are of significant economic values.Xinling rare earth deposit is located in 30 degrees north latitude,Guangde County,Anhui Province,China,which is a new deposit mainly riched in light rare earth element,and it is different from those enriched heavy REE deposits from South China.Through collecting samples,both main and trace elements and REE have been measured by using XRF and ICP-MS test methods. The characteristics of main elements indicate that Liucun rock mass is a granodiorite-body which was derived from the deep source of the earth by the mixing with the crust material. Among the trace elements those ions of high strength field and small radius such as Th,U and rare earth elements tend to be enriched. The REE patterns have shown obvious"V"type curves inclining gently to the right.( La/Yb)N= 7. 30,δEu = 0. 31,δCe = 1. 47. According to the correlation analysis of the REE and trace elements,the correlation coefficients between Ce group elements and Nb,Ta,Zr,Ba,be,P,Ni,Cu,Fe are larger. The yttrium group elements are closely related to Ba,Cd,In,Co,Zn,W,but negatively related to others trace elements. Compared with Xinling REE deposits and ion adsorption type REE deposits in Gannan region there exist some obvious differences in ∑REE,LREE/HREE,( La/Yb)N,Eu,Ce. The Xinling REE deposit was formed in the whole weathered layer within the weathered crust of Liucun granodiorite. REE's minerals consist of mainly Ce group minerals and less Yb group minerals. The average grade of the oxidized REE is 0. 055%,and the LREE/HREE is 3. 79 in the ore. It indicates that the Xinling REE deposit belongs to LREE's type. Ore's components have monazite,allanite and a little mount xenotime etc.Factors of controlling ore have the parent rock mass and conditions of topography and landform.
引文
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[19]池汝安,田君,罗仙平,等.风化壳淋积型稀土矿的基础研究[J].有色金属与工程,2012,3(4):3-11.Chi R A,Tian J,Luo X P.The foundation study of the rare earth deposit of weathered crust type[J].Nonferrous Metals and Engineering,2012,3(4):3-11.
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[21]汪明,彭振安,梁玲慧,等.广西滴水花岗岩地球化学特征与离子吸附型稀土矿床[J].矿产勘查,2013,4(3):273-281.Wang M,Peng Z A,Lian L H,et al.The geochemical characteristics of granite and REE deposit of ion adsorption type in Guangxi Dishui[J].Mineral Exploration,2013,4(3):273-281.
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[23]吴澄宇,黄典豪,郭中勋.江西龙南地区花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素的地球化学研究[J].地质学报,1989,63(4):349-361.Wu D Y.,Huang D H,Guo Z X.The study of REE deposit of ion adsorption type of weathered crust in Jiangxi Longnan[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1989,63(4):349-361.
[24]黄典豪,吴澄宇,韩久竹.江西足洞和关西花岗岩的岩石学、稀土元素地球化学及成岩机制[J].中国地质科学院院报,1993,(Z1):69-88.Huang D H,Wu D Y.Han J Z.The petrology,geochemistry of rare earth element and mechanism of forming rock of granite in Jiangxi Zudong and Guangxi[J].The Journal of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1993,(Z1):69-88.
[25]黄典豪,吴澄宇,韩久竹.江西足洞和关西花岗岩的稀土元素地球化学及矿化特征[J].地质学报,1988,62(4):311-328.Huang D H,Wu D Y.The characteristics of geochemistry and mineralization of rare earth element in Jiangxi Zudong and Guangxi[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1988,62(4):311-328.
[26]沈滔,李海东,靳杨,等.赣南地区花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素特征探讨[J].稀土,2016,37(2):62-67.Shen T,Li H D,Jin Y,et al.Discussion of REE in weathered crust of granite in the southern of Gannan[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2016,37(2):62-67.
[27]王海荣,侯青叶,杨忠,等.广东省典型花岗岩成土剖面元素垂向分布特征[J].中国地质,2013,40(2):619-626.Wang H R,Hou Q Y,Yang Z,et al.Vertical distribution of elements in the soil profile of typical granite in Guangdong Province[J].China Geology,2013,40(2):619-626.
[28]李慧,徐志高,余军霞,等.风化壳淋积型稀土矿矿石性质及稀土在各粒级上的分布[J].稀土,2012,33(2):14-18.Li H,Xu Z G,Yu J X,et al.Ore properties and distribution of rare earth elements in the weathered crust leaching type at each grain level[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2012,33(2):14-18.
[29]费红彩,肖荣阁,王安建.白云鄂博REE-Nb-Fe稀土矿赋矿岩系建造研究评述[J].地质学报,2012,86(5):757-766.Fei H C,Xiao R G,Wang A J.Review on the construction of the ore bearing rock series in the REE-Nb-Fe rare earth ore deposit in Baiyunebo[J].Acta Geology Sinica,2012,86(5):757-766.
[30]梁国兴,池汝安,朱国才.风化型稀土矿的矿石性质研究[J].稀土,1997,18(5):7-11.Liang G X,Chi R A,Zhu G C.The study of ore property of REE ore in weathered crust type[J].Chinese Rare Earths,1997,18(5):7-11.
[2]万天丰.中国大地构造学[M].北京:地质出版社,2011.Wan T F.Tectonic Research of China[M].Binjing:Geological Publishing House,2011.
[3]巫建华,郭国林,刘帅.大地构造学基础与中国地质学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.Wu J H,Guo G L,Liu S.The Foundation of Tectonic Research of China and Outline of China Geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
[4]Eric A K Middlemost.Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system[J].Earth-Science Reviews,1994,37(3-4):215-224.
[5]陈公道.地球化学[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,1992.Chen G D.Geochemistry[M].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China Press,1992.
[6]陈骏,王鹤年.地球化学[M].北京:北京科学出版社,2004.Chen J,Wang H N.Geochemistry[M].Beiing:Beijing Science Publishing House,2004.
[7]韩吟文,马振东,张宏飞,等.地球化学[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.Han Y W,Ma Z D,Zhang H F,et al.Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2003.
[8]迟华清,鄢明才.应用地球化学元素丰度数据手册[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.Chi H Q,Yan M C.Handbook of Geochemical Element Abundance Data[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2007.
[9]赵振华.微量元素地球化学[J].地球科学进展,1992,7(9):221-227.Zhao Z H.Geochemistry of the trace element[J].Advances in Earth Science,1992,7(9):221-227.
[10]Е阿列克谢耶夫,赵振华.稀土元素的原子结构、化学和晶体化学性质的地球化学意义[J].地质地球化学,1978,(9):24-28.E Alekexeyev,Zhao Z H.Geochemical significance of the atomic structure,chemical and crystal chemical properties of rare earth elements[J].Geology,Geochemistry,1978,(9):24-28.
[11]赵振华.稀土元素地球化学特征及其在岩石和矿床成因研究中的应用[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.Zhao Z H.The Geochemistrical Characteristics of REE and Application in Rock Mass and The Study of Deposit’s Genesis[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
[12]赵振华.稀土元素地球化学研究方法[M].北京:地质出版社,2008.Zhao Z H.The Researched Method of Geochemistry of Rare Earth Element[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2008.
[13]罗小亚.湖南省稀土矿成矿条件及离子吸附型稀土矿形成机制[J].矿物学报,2011,(S1):332-333.Luo X Y.Mineralizated conditions and formation mechanism of ion adsorption type rare earth ore in Hunan Province[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2011,(S1):332-333.
[14]池汝安,田君.风化壳淋积型稀土矿评述[J].中国稀土学报,2007,25(6):641-650.Chi R A,Tian J.Review on the rare earth deposit of weathered crust type[J].Journal of The Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2007,25(6):641-650.
[15]范飞鹏,肖惠良,陈乐柱,等赣南陂头一带风化壳淋积型稀土矿成矿地质特征[J].中国稀土学报,2014,32(1):101-107.Fan F P,Xiao H L,Chen L Z,et al.The mineralizted characteristics of rare earth element deposits of type of weathered crust in Gannan Pitou area[J]Journal of The Chinese Society of Rare Earths,2014,32(1):101-107.
[16]贺伦燕,王似男.我国南方离子吸附型稀土矿[J].稀土,1989,10(1):39-44.He L Y,Wang S N.The REE deposits of ion adsorped type in the southern of China[J].Chinese Rare Earths,1989,10(1):39-44.
[17]梁发辉,党飞鹏,邓军,等.江西龙源坝地区花岗岩风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿成矿条件与分布特征[J].矿产与地质,2014,28(4):461-465.Liang F H,Dang F P,Deng J,et al.Distribution characteristics and metallogenic conditions of granite of rare earth deposits of ion adsorption type in Jiangxi longyuanba[J].Mineralization and Geology,2014,28(4):461-465.
[18]赵芝,王登戏,陈振宇,等.南岭东段与稀土矿有关岩浆岩的成矿专属性特征[J].大地构造与成矿学,2014,38(2):255-263.Zhao Z,Wang D X,Chen Z Y,et al.The magmatite special attributes of rare earth mine in the Eastern of Nanling[J].Tectonics and Mineralization 2014,38(2):255-263.
[19]池汝安,田君,罗仙平,等.风化壳淋积型稀土矿的基础研究[J].有色金属与工程,2012,3(4):3-11.Chi R A,Tian J,Luo X P.The foundation study of the rare earth deposit of weathered crust type[J].Nonferrous Metals and Engineering,2012,3(4):3-11.
[20]包志伟.华南花岗岩风化壳稀土元素地球化学研究[J].地球化学,1992,6(2):166-173.Bao Z W.The geochemical study of rare earth element of weathered crust of granite in the southern of China[J].Geochemistry,1992,6(2):166-173.
[21]汪明,彭振安,梁玲慧,等.广西滴水花岗岩地球化学特征与离子吸附型稀土矿床[J].矿产勘查,2013,4(3):273-281.Wang M,Peng Z A,Lian L H,et al.The geochemical characteristics of granite and REE deposit of ion adsorption type in Guangxi Dishui[J].Mineral Exploration,2013,4(3):273-281.
[22]吴澄宇.赣南粤北地区风化壳离子吸附型稀土矿床研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,1988.Wu D Y.The study of REE deposit of ion adsorption type of weathered crust in the northern of Guangdong of Gannan[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1988.
[23]吴澄宇,黄典豪,郭中勋.江西龙南地区花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素的地球化学研究[J].地质学报,1989,63(4):349-361.Wu D Y.,Huang D H,Guo Z X.The study of REE deposit of ion adsorption type of weathered crust in Jiangxi Longnan[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1989,63(4):349-361.
[24]黄典豪,吴澄宇,韩久竹.江西足洞和关西花岗岩的岩石学、稀土元素地球化学及成岩机制[J].中国地质科学院院报,1993,(Z1):69-88.Huang D H,Wu D Y.Han J Z.The petrology,geochemistry of rare earth element and mechanism of forming rock of granite in Jiangxi Zudong and Guangxi[J].The Journal of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1993,(Z1):69-88.
[25]黄典豪,吴澄宇,韩久竹.江西足洞和关西花岗岩的稀土元素地球化学及矿化特征[J].地质学报,1988,62(4):311-328.Huang D H,Wu D Y.The characteristics of geochemistry and mineralization of rare earth element in Jiangxi Zudong and Guangxi[J].Acta Geological Sinica,1988,62(4):311-328.
[26]沈滔,李海东,靳杨,等.赣南地区花岗岩风化壳中稀土元素特征探讨[J].稀土,2016,37(2):62-67.Shen T,Li H D,Jin Y,et al.Discussion of REE in weathered crust of granite in the southern of Gannan[J].Chinese Rare Earths,2016,37(2):62-67.
[27]王海荣,侯青叶,杨忠,等.广东省典型花岗岩成土剖面元素垂向分布特征[J].中国地质,2013,40(2):619-626.Wang H R,Hou Q Y,Yang Z,et al.Vertical distribution of elements in the soil profile of typical granite in Guangdong Province[J].China Geology,2013,40(2):619-626.
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