云南甘蔗病虫害发生危害新特点及防控对策
|
摘要
甘蔗是中国主要的糖料作物,病虫害是甘蔗生产的最大威胁。近年来病虫害在云南的发生危害呈现出新的特点,主要表现为:一是常发性病虫害持续处于常发态势;二是次要病虫害上升为主要病虫害;三是病虫害混合发生,复合侵染;四是突发性危险性病虫害频发,暴发成灾。针对新特点从病源虫源、品种布局、气候条件和栽培管理等方面分析了其形成原因,笔者提出了甘蔗病虫害绿色防控对策:一是严格执行甘蔗引种、调种检疫制度,选育推广抗病、抗虫健康种苗;二是完善甘蔗病虫害监测预警体系,提升安全科学用药水平;三是集成绿色防控技术模式,探索优化推广机制;四是建立健全应急防控机制,大力推进统防统治;五是创新科技培训机制,宣传普及植保新技术。
Sugarcane is the main sugar crop in China, and the diseases and insect pests are the greatest threat to sugarcane production. In recent years, the occurrence of sugarcane diseases and insect pests has presentednew characteristics. The main changes are: firstly, the common diseases and insect pests occur constantly;secondly, the secondary diseases and insect pests are becoming the main diseases and insect pests; thirdly, thediseases and insect pests have mixed occurrence and infection; fourthly, sudden and dangerous diseases andinsect pests outbreak frequently. The causes are analyzed from the source of diseases and insect pests,distribution of sugarcane varieties, climatic conditions and cultivation management. The green controlmeasures of sugarcane diseases and insect pests are provided,(1) to strictly enforce the quarantine proceduresfor the introduced and transferred sugarcane seedlings, to breed and popularize the disease-resistant and pest-resistant seedling;(2) to improve the monitoring and early warning system of sugarcane diseases and insectpests, and enhance the safety and scientific use of pesticides;(3) to integrate the technical mode of greencontrol and explore the optimization and promotion mechanism;(4) to establish and improve the emergencycontrol mechanism, and promote the large-scale diseases and insect pests prevention;(5) to innovate the technology training mechanism, publicize and popularize the new technology of plant protection.
Sugarcane is the main sugar crop in China, and the diseases and insect pests are the greatest threat to sugarcane production. In recent years, the occurrence of sugarcane diseases and insect pests has presentednew characteristics. The main changes are: firstly, the common diseases and insect pests occur constantly;secondly, the secondary diseases and insect pests are becoming the main diseases and insect pests; thirdly, thediseases and insect pests have mixed occurrence and infection; fourthly, sudden and dangerous diseases andinsect pests outbreak frequently. The causes are analyzed from the source of diseases and insect pests,distribution of sugarcane varieties, climatic conditions and cultivation management. The green controlmeasures of sugarcane diseases and insect pests are provided,(1) to strictly enforce the quarantine proceduresfor the introduced and transferred sugarcane seedlings, to breed and popularize the disease-resistant and pest-resistant seedling;(2) to improve the monitoring and early warning system of sugarcane diseases and insectpests, and enhance the safety and scientific use of pesticides;(3) to integrate the technical mode of greencontrol and explore the optimization and promotion mechanism;(4) to establish and improve the emergencycontrol mechanism, and promote the large-scale diseases and insect pests prevention;(5) to innovate the technology training mechanism, publicize and popularize the new technology of plant protection.
引文
[1]尹炯,黄应昆,李文凤,等.甘蔗绵蚜综合防治研究进展[J].甘蔗糖业,2011(5):45-51.
[2]李文凤,张荣跃,黄应昆,等.甘蔗绵蚜为害损失研究[J].植物保护,2017,43(3):187-191.
[3] Li W F, Zhang R Y, Huang Y K, et al. Loss of cane and sugar yield resulting from Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner damage in canegrowing regions in China[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,2018,108(1):125-129.
[4]李文凤,单红丽,黄应昆,等.云南甘蔗主要病虫害发生动态与防控对策[J].中国糖料,2013(1):59-62.
[5]李文凤,单红丽,黄应昆,等.多雨高湿季甘蔗重要病害发生流行动态与防控策略[J].中国糖料,2017,39(2):75-77.
[6]单红丽,李文凤,黄应昆,等.甘蔗褐条病发生流行特点及防控对策[J].中国糖料,2015,37(6):71-73.
[7]李文凤,罗志明,黄应昆,等.临沧南华糖业公司蔗区甘蔗主要病虫草害的发生危害与防控对策[J].中国糖料,2015,37(5):72-74.
[8]杨世常,陈寿宏,夏银果,等.甘蔗蓟马防治技术研究及推广应用[J].中国糖料,2010(2):49-54.
[9]尹炯,罗志明,黄应昆,等.甘蔗蓟马种群动态及其在不同品种甘蔗上为害情况[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(6):1438-1443.
[10] Morse J G, Hoddle M S. Invasive biology of thrips[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2006,51:67-89.
[11]黄应昆,李文凤.现代甘蔗病虫草害原色图谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[12]单红丽,李文凤,张荣跃,等.甘蔗梢腐病暴发流行原因及产量糖分损失测定[J].中国糖料,2018,40(3):9-11.
[13]李文凤,尹炯,黄应昆,等.云南蔗区甘蔗螟虫种群结构动态与防控对策[J].农学学报,2014,4(8):35-38.
[14]尹炯,黄应昆,李文凤,等.5种农药防治甘蔗螟虫田间药效评价[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(13):313-316.
[15]李文凤,尹炯,黄应昆,等.甘蔗螟虫为害损失研究[J].植物保护,2016,42(4):205-210.
[16] Li W F, Wang X Y, Huang Y K, et al. Loss of cane and sugar yield due to damage by Tetramoera schistaceana(Snellen)and Chilo sacchariphagus(Bojer)in the cane-growing regions of China[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2018,50(1):265-271.
[17]卓英育.粘虫为害甘蔗的特点及分析[J].广西蔗糖,2005(3):30-31.
[18]魏春燕,韦金菊,张保青,等.甘蔗白叶病研究概况[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(11):2016-2022.
[19] Rattanabunta C, Hanboonsong Y. Sugarcane white leaf disease incidences and population dynamic of leafhopper insect vectors in sugarcane plantations in Northeast Thailand[J].Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2015,18(4):185-190.
[20] Marcone C. Phytoplasma diseases of sugarcane[J]. Sugar Tech,2002,4(3-4):79-85.
[21] Li W F, Wang X Y, Huang Y K, et al. First report of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in Yunnan Province, China[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2013,35(3):407-410.
[22]李文凤,单红丽,黄应昆,等.检疫性病害甘蔗白叶病的发生危害与防控对策[J].中国糖料,2014(3):66-68.
[23]卢文洁,徐宏,李文凤等.甘蔗病虫害防治技术及高效低毒农药应用[J].中国糖料,2011(3):64-67.
[24]陈学宽,范源洪,刘家勇,等.云南蔗糖产业与甘蔗新品种[J].中国糖料,2016,38(4):69-71.
[25] Srivastava A K, Rai M K. Review:Sugarcane production:Impact of climate change and its mitigation[J].Biodiversitas,2012,13(4):214-227.
[26] Kumarasinghe N C, Basnayake B R S B. Influence of monsoonal weather on sudden establishment of the sugarcane woolly aphid in Sri Lanka[J]. Sugar Tech,2009:11(3):267-273.
[27]邓展云.广西甘蔗引种检疫的现状和展望[J].广西蔗糖,1997(4):20-22.
[28] Li W F, Shan H L, Zhang R Y, et al. Identification of field resistance and molecular detection of the brown rust resistance gene Bru1 in new elite sugarcane varieties in China[J]. Crop Protection,2018,103:46-50.
[29]李文凤,单红丽,王晓燕,等.滇蔗茅杂交F1双抗SCSMV和SrMV鉴定与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(5):886-890.
[30]罗志明,尹炯,黄应昆,等.21个甘蔗品种对螟虫抗性鉴定与评价[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(4):667-673.
[31] Patil Sanjay B, Tippannavar P S, Patil S A, et al. Identification of sugarcane clones resistant to the sugarcane woolly aphid(Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner)[J].Current Science,2005,88(2):284-288.
[32]黄应昆,李文凤,何文志,等.甘蔗温水处理脱毒种苗生产技术研究[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(5):2153-2157.
[33]张云慧,程登发.突发性暴发性害虫监测预警研究进展[J].植物保护,39(5):55-61.
[34]潘雪红,黄诚华.应用性诱剂防治甘蔗螟虫[J].中国糖料,2012(1):63-66.
[35] Wilson B E, Beuzelin J M, VanWeelden M T, et al. Monitoring Mexican rice borer(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)populations in sugarcane and rice with conventional and electronic pheromone traps[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2017,110(1):150-156.
[36] Wickham J D, Lu W, Jin T, et al. Prionic acid:an effective sex attractant for an important pest of sugarcane, Dorysthenes granulosus(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae:Prioninae)[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2016,109(1):484-486.
[37]余玲,周曼青,林兆里,等.甘蔗蓟马发生特点及色板诱杀的初步研究[J].武夷科学,2011,27(1):89-94.
[38] Sattar M, Mehmood S S, Khan M R, et al. Influence of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii on sugarcane stem borer(Chilo infuscatellus Snellen)in Pakistan[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2016,48(4):989-994.
[39] Wilson B E, VanWeelden M T, Beuzelin J M, et al. Efficacy of insect growth regulators and diamide insecticides for control of stem borers(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)in sugarcane[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2017,110(2):453-463.
[40] Vargas G, Gómez L A, Michaud J P. Sugarcane stem borers of the Colombian Cauca River Valley:current pest status, biology, and control[J]. Florida Entomologist,2015,98(2):728-735.
[41]许汉亮,林明江,李继虎,等.甘蔗害虫绿色防控技术研究进展及技术体系的构建[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(6):132-137.
[42]许汉亮,林明江,李继虎,等.甘蔗螟虫绿色防控技术集成与应用[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(3):589-594.
[43]郭庆泽,许汉亮,黄志武,等.甘蔗害虫绿色防控技术在扶绥蔗区推广应用[J].甘蔗糖业,2016(2):44-49.
[44]柴守权,尤德康,郭文辉,等.试论突发林业有害生物事件应急机制的建设[J].中国森林病虫,2007,26(6):38-41.
[2]李文凤,张荣跃,黄应昆,等.甘蔗绵蚜为害损失研究[J].植物保护,2017,43(3):187-191.
[3] Li W F, Zhang R Y, Huang Y K, et al. Loss of cane and sugar yield resulting from Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner damage in canegrowing regions in China[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,2018,108(1):125-129.
[4]李文凤,单红丽,黄应昆,等.云南甘蔗主要病虫害发生动态与防控对策[J].中国糖料,2013(1):59-62.
[5]李文凤,单红丽,黄应昆,等.多雨高湿季甘蔗重要病害发生流行动态与防控策略[J].中国糖料,2017,39(2):75-77.
[6]单红丽,李文凤,黄应昆,等.甘蔗褐条病发生流行特点及防控对策[J].中国糖料,2015,37(6):71-73.
[7]李文凤,罗志明,黄应昆,等.临沧南华糖业公司蔗区甘蔗主要病虫草害的发生危害与防控对策[J].中国糖料,2015,37(5):72-74.
[8]杨世常,陈寿宏,夏银果,等.甘蔗蓟马防治技术研究及推广应用[J].中国糖料,2010(2):49-54.
[9]尹炯,罗志明,黄应昆,等.甘蔗蓟马种群动态及其在不同品种甘蔗上为害情况[J].应用昆虫学报,2015,52(6):1438-1443.
[10] Morse J G, Hoddle M S. Invasive biology of thrips[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2006,51:67-89.
[11]黄应昆,李文凤.现代甘蔗病虫草害原色图谱[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[12]单红丽,李文凤,张荣跃,等.甘蔗梢腐病暴发流行原因及产量糖分损失测定[J].中国糖料,2018,40(3):9-11.
[13]李文凤,尹炯,黄应昆,等.云南蔗区甘蔗螟虫种群结构动态与防控对策[J].农学学报,2014,4(8):35-38.
[14]尹炯,黄应昆,李文凤,等.5种农药防治甘蔗螟虫田间药效评价[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(13):313-316.
[15]李文凤,尹炯,黄应昆,等.甘蔗螟虫为害损失研究[J].植物保护,2016,42(4):205-210.
[16] Li W F, Wang X Y, Huang Y K, et al. Loss of cane and sugar yield due to damage by Tetramoera schistaceana(Snellen)and Chilo sacchariphagus(Bojer)in the cane-growing regions of China[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2018,50(1):265-271.
[17]卓英育.粘虫为害甘蔗的特点及分析[J].广西蔗糖,2005(3):30-31.
[18]魏春燕,韦金菊,张保青,等.甘蔗白叶病研究概况[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(11):2016-2022.
[19] Rattanabunta C, Hanboonsong Y. Sugarcane white leaf disease incidences and population dynamic of leafhopper insect vectors in sugarcane plantations in Northeast Thailand[J].Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences,2015,18(4):185-190.
[20] Marcone C. Phytoplasma diseases of sugarcane[J]. Sugar Tech,2002,4(3-4):79-85.
[21] Li W F, Wang X Y, Huang Y K, et al. First report of sugarcane white leaf phytoplasma in Yunnan Province, China[J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology,2013,35(3):407-410.
[22]李文凤,单红丽,黄应昆,等.检疫性病害甘蔗白叶病的发生危害与防控对策[J].中国糖料,2014(3):66-68.
[23]卢文洁,徐宏,李文凤等.甘蔗病虫害防治技术及高效低毒农药应用[J].中国糖料,2011(3):64-67.
[24]陈学宽,范源洪,刘家勇,等.云南蔗糖产业与甘蔗新品种[J].中国糖料,2016,38(4):69-71.
[25] Srivastava A K, Rai M K. Review:Sugarcane production:Impact of climate change and its mitigation[J].Biodiversitas,2012,13(4):214-227.
[26] Kumarasinghe N C, Basnayake B R S B. Influence of monsoonal weather on sudden establishment of the sugarcane woolly aphid in Sri Lanka[J]. Sugar Tech,2009:11(3):267-273.
[27]邓展云.广西甘蔗引种检疫的现状和展望[J].广西蔗糖,1997(4):20-22.
[28] Li W F, Shan H L, Zhang R Y, et al. Identification of field resistance and molecular detection of the brown rust resistance gene Bru1 in new elite sugarcane varieties in China[J]. Crop Protection,2018,103:46-50.
[29]李文凤,单红丽,王晓燕,等.滇蔗茅杂交F1双抗SCSMV和SrMV鉴定与评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2017,18(5):886-890.
[30]罗志明,尹炯,黄应昆,等.21个甘蔗品种对螟虫抗性鉴定与评价[J].应用昆虫学报,2017,54(4):667-673.
[31] Patil Sanjay B, Tippannavar P S, Patil S A, et al. Identification of sugarcane clones resistant to the sugarcane woolly aphid(Ceratovacuna lanigera Zehntner)[J].Current Science,2005,88(2):284-288.
[32]黄应昆,李文凤,何文志,等.甘蔗温水处理脱毒种苗生产技术研究[J].西南农业学报,2013,26(5):2153-2157.
[33]张云慧,程登发.突发性暴发性害虫监测预警研究进展[J].植物保护,39(5):55-61.
[34]潘雪红,黄诚华.应用性诱剂防治甘蔗螟虫[J].中国糖料,2012(1):63-66.
[35] Wilson B E, Beuzelin J M, VanWeelden M T, et al. Monitoring Mexican rice borer(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)populations in sugarcane and rice with conventional and electronic pheromone traps[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2017,110(1):150-156.
[36] Wickham J D, Lu W, Jin T, et al. Prionic acid:an effective sex attractant for an important pest of sugarcane, Dorysthenes granulosus(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae:Prioninae)[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2016,109(1):484-486.
[37]余玲,周曼青,林兆里,等.甘蔗蓟马发生特点及色板诱杀的初步研究[J].武夷科学,2011,27(1):89-94.
[38] Sattar M, Mehmood S S, Khan M R, et al. Influence of egg parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis Ishii on sugarcane stem borer(Chilo infuscatellus Snellen)in Pakistan[J].Pakistan Journal of Zoology,2016,48(4):989-994.
[39] Wilson B E, VanWeelden M T, Beuzelin J M, et al. Efficacy of insect growth regulators and diamide insecticides for control of stem borers(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)in sugarcane[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,2017,110(2):453-463.
[40] Vargas G, Gómez L A, Michaud J P. Sugarcane stem borers of the Colombian Cauca River Valley:current pest status, biology, and control[J]. Florida Entomologist,2015,98(2):728-735.
[41]许汉亮,林明江,李继虎,等.甘蔗害虫绿色防控技术研究进展及技术体系的构建[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(6):132-137.
[42]许汉亮,林明江,李继虎,等.甘蔗螟虫绿色防控技术集成与应用[J].环境昆虫学报,2016,38(3):589-594.
[43]郭庆泽,许汉亮,黄志武,等.甘蔗害虫绿色防控技术在扶绥蔗区推广应用[J].甘蔗糖业,2016(2):44-49.
[44]柴守权,尤德康,郭文辉,等.试论突发林业有害生物事件应急机制的建设[J].中国森林病虫,2007,26(6):38-41.