蓝莓‘寨选’品系在南京地区的生长与结实表现
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摘要
【目的】评价蓝莓‘寨选’品系3号、4号、5号、7号、8号、9号在南京地区的生长与结实表现,优选育种材料。【方法】对6个‘寨选’品系5年生植株的生长量、产量、开花结果物候期及果实特点进行观察和统计分析。【结果】6个‘寨选’品系在南京地区适应性极佳,均表现为早熟、丰产,其中4号、7号、3号和9号株产量均超过3.40 kg,果实成熟期在5月底至6月初,浆果硬度在2.00 kg/cm~2左右,果实中多酚和花色苷含量较高;7号品系果实成熟早,风味好,果实花色苷和多酚含量高,鲜果感官评分最高;4号品系生长量大,株产量高,果实硬度最高,多酚和花色苷含量较高,鲜果感官评价较好。【结论】‘寨选’7号和4号品系综合评价结果优秀,可作为蓝莓候选优良新品种。
【Objective】Evaluate the growth characteristics and fruit quality of 'Zhaixuan' blueberry strains No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 at Nanjing in order to screen superior breeding materials. 【Method】 The growth and fruiting characteristics including growth amount, yield, flowering and fruiting phenophase, and fruit quality of six 'Zhaixuan' blueberry strains were observed, and evaluated in according to blueberry breeding goals. 【Result】All the six 'Zhaixuan' blueberry strains were early mature, high-yielding, with excellent adaptability in Nanjing area of China. The fruit yields of the five-year-old No. 4, No. 7, No. 3 and No. 9 strains exceeded 3.40 kg per plant, the fruit matured in late May or early June, fruit hardness was around 2.00 kg/cm~2, and the polyphenol and anthocyanin content of the fruits was very high. The No. 7 strain produced the earliest maturing fruit, which had a good flavor, the highest anthocyanin and polyphenol content and fresh fruit sensory score. The No. 4 strain had relatively high growth, anthocyanin and polyphenol content, the highest fruit hardness and yield per plant, and the second-highest fresh fruit sensory score. 【Conclusion】The strains 'Zhaixuan' No. 7 and No. 4 were comprehensively evaluated as potential candidates for excellent blueberry cultivar.
【Objective】Evaluate the growth characteristics and fruit quality of 'Zhaixuan' blueberry strains No. 3, No. 4, No. 5, No. 7, No. 8, No. 9 at Nanjing in order to screen superior breeding materials. 【Method】 The growth and fruiting characteristics including growth amount, yield, flowering and fruiting phenophase, and fruit quality of six 'Zhaixuan' blueberry strains were observed, and evaluated in according to blueberry breeding goals. 【Result】All the six 'Zhaixuan' blueberry strains were early mature, high-yielding, with excellent adaptability in Nanjing area of China. The fruit yields of the five-year-old No. 4, No. 7, No. 3 and No. 9 strains exceeded 3.40 kg per plant, the fruit matured in late May or early June, fruit hardness was around 2.00 kg/cm~2, and the polyphenol and anthocyanin content of the fruits was very high. The No. 7 strain produced the earliest maturing fruit, which had a good flavor, the highest anthocyanin and polyphenol content and fresh fruit sensory score. The No. 4 strain had relatively high growth, anthocyanin and polyphenol content, the highest fruit hardness and yield per plant, and the second-highest fresh fruit sensory score. 【Conclusion】The strains 'Zhaixuan' No. 7 and No. 4 were comprehensively evaluated as potential candidates for excellent blueberry cultivar.
引文
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[11] 韩卫娟,李加茹,梁玉琴,等.柿果实和叶片中可溶性单宁含量的年变化[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):61-66.HAN W J,LI J R,LIANG Y Q,et al.Annual variation of soluble tannin in thefruits and leaves of persimmon[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(6):61-66.
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[19] 王凯,鞠延仑,魏晓峰,等.避雨栽培对‘户太八号’葡萄果实品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(8):1202-1211.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2017.08.014.WANG K,JU Y L,WEI X F,et al.Effect of rain-shelter cultivation on quality of “Hutai No.8” grape[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2017,26(8):1202-1211.
[20] 王宝刚,李文生,侯玉茹,等.甜樱桃果实成熟过程中糖累积与品质形成研究[J].果树学报,2017,34(5):576-583.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20160352.WANG B G,LI W S,HOU Y R,et al.Sugars accumulation and quality in the fruits of sweet cherry during ripening[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2017,34(5):576-583.
[2] 李斌,雷月,孟宪军,等.蓝莓营养保健功能及其活性成分提取技术研究进展[J].食品与机械,2015,31(6):251-254.DOI:10.13652/j.issn.1003-5788.2015.06.059.LIB,LEI Y,MENG X J,et al.Progress on functionality of blueberry and extracting technology for its active ingredient[J].Food & Machinery,2015,31(6):251-254.
[3] 陈介甫,李亚东.徐哲.蓝莓的主要化学成分及生物活性[J].药学学报,2010,45(4):422-429.CHENJ F,LI Y D,XU Z.Chemical principles and bioactivities of blueberry[J].Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica,2010,45(4):422-429.
[4] 李颖畅,马春颖,孟宪军,等.蓝莓花色苷提取物抗油脂氧化能力的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2010,25(2):92-95.LI Y C,MA C Y,MENG X J,et al.Antioxidation of anthocyanins from blueberry fruit[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2010,25(2):92-95.
[5] GIOVANELLI G,BURATTI S.Comparison of polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of wild Italian blueberries and some cultivated varieties[J].Food Chemistry,2009,112(4):903-908.
[6] 魏伦收,张娟娟,康玉华,等.蓝莓花青素对人胃腺癌BGC-823细胞的体内外抑制作用[J].中药药理与临床,2015,31(6):43-46.DOI:10.13412/j.cnki.zyyl.2015.06.014.WEI L S,ZHANG J J,KANG Y H,et al.Inhibitory effect ofBlueberry anthocyanin on human gastric adenocarcinoma BGC-823 cells in vivo and in vitro[J].Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica,2015,31(6):43-46.
[7] 段祖安,李建华,赵艳燕,等.越橘离体快繁体系的优化[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2010,34(3):168-170.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2010.03.035.DUAN Z A,LI J H,ZHAO Y Y,et al.The optimization of bilberry rapid micropropagation in vitro culture[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2010,34(3):168-170.
[8] 李根柱,张自川,王贺新,等.南高丛蓝莓6个品种的光合特征[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(2):17-21.DOI:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2014.02.016.LI G Z,ZHANG Z C,WANG H X,et al.Characteristics of photosynthesis in six southern highbush blueberry varieties[J].South China Fruits,2014,43(2):17-21.
[9] 宋祥兰,王兰英,谢再成,等.南高丛蓝莓引种栽培试验初报[J].北方园艺,2016(4):39-42.DOI:10.11937/bfyy.201604009.SONG X L,WANG L Y,XIE Z C,et al.Introduction and cultivation preliminary report of southern highbush blueberry[J].Northern Horticulture,2016(4):39-42.
[10] 韩志强,袁德义,陈文涛,等.硼锌微肥施用下枣果实综合品质的评价[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015(2):40-46.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2015.02.007HAN Z Q,YUAN D Y,CHEN W T,et al.Synthetical evaluation of the fruit quality of Ziziphus jujuba Mill under different combinations of boron,zinc microelement fertilizer[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition),2015(2):40-46.
[11] 韩卫娟,李加茹,梁玉琴,等.柿果实和叶片中可溶性单宁含量的年变化[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):61-66.HAN W J,LI J R,LIANG Y Q,et al.Annual variation of soluble tannin in thefruits and leaves of persimmon[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2015,39(6):61-66.
[12] PANTELIDIS G,VASILAKAKIS M,MANGANARIS G,et al.Antioxidant capacity,phenol,anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents in raspberries,blackberries,red currants,gooseberries and Cornelian cherries[J].Food Chemistry,2007,102(3):777-783.
[13] 杨夫臣,秦仲麒,李先明,等.高丛蓝莓和兔眼蓝莓在湖北的引种试验[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(1):59-62.DOI:10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.2015.44.01.018.YANG F C,QIN Z Q,LI X M,et al.The introduction of highbush blueberry and rabbit eye blackberry to Hubei[J].South China Fruits,2015,44(1):59-62.
[14] 杨海燕,董珊,闾连飞,等.三个高丛蓝莓品种在南京地区的田间生长表现[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2019,43(3):157-162.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2006.2018.05005.YANG H Y,DONG S S,Lü L F,et al.An observation on three heighbush blueberry cultivars cultivated in Nanjing[J].Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition),2019,43(3):157-162.
[15] 瞿玉玑,吴晓春.适于上海地区的高丛蓝莓品种的初步选择[J].中国林副特产,2014(5):6-7.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-6902.2014.05.003.QU Y J,WU X C.Selection of highbush blueberry varieties suitable for Shanghai of China[J].Forest by-Product and Speciality in China,2014(5):6-7.
[16] 王明洁.3个南高丛蓝莓品种在黑龙江绥棱的引种表现[J].中国果树,2017(2):40-42.DOI:10.16626/j.cnki.issn1000-8047.2017.02.012.WANG M J.The introduction of three south highbush blueberry varieties to Heilongjiang Suileng[J].China Fruits,2017(2):40-42.
[17] 邓桂秀,李安达,柳学.高丛蓝莓和兔眼蓝莓在白云区引种的早期表现[J].耕作与栽培,2017(1):13-14.DOI:10.13605/j.cnki.52-1065/s.2017.01.005.DENG G X,LI A D,LIU X.Performance of introduced high-bush blueberry and rabbit eye blueberry varieties at sapling stage in Baiyun[J].Tillage and Cultivation,2017(1):13-14.
[18] 王连润,刘芝刚,孙顺,等.三个南高丛蓝莓果实质量动态变化及储藏性研究[J].北方园艺,2014(24):130-132.WANG L R,LIU Z G,SUN S,et al.Study on mass changes and storage capacity of three south highbush blackberry cultivars[J].Northern Horticulture,2014(24):130-132.
[19] 王凯,鞠延仑,魏晓峰,等.避雨栽培对‘户太八号’葡萄果实品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2017,26(8):1202-1211.DOI:10.7606/j.issn.1004-1389.2017.08.014.WANG K,JU Y L,WEI X F,et al.Effect of rain-shelter cultivation on quality of “Hutai No.8” grape[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2017,26(8):1202-1211.
[20] 王宝刚,李文生,侯玉茹,等.甜樱桃果实成熟过程中糖累积与品质形成研究[J].果树学报,2017,34(5):576-583.DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20160352.WANG B G,LI W S,HOU Y R,et al.Sugars accumulation and quality in the fruits of sweet cherry during ripening[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2017,34(5):576-583.