精准扶贫中的多元主体合作策略——基于大病医保巴东模式的扎根研究
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摘要
新时代背景下,社会组织被赋予了更多的使命,在公共服务的提供、社会救济的开展等方面贡献了新做法和新力量。其中,扶贫类社会组织积极参与国家精准扶贫战略,逐渐开展了一系列具有影响与实效的活动。在社会组织与政府合作的过程中采取何种合作策略是理论和实务界关注的议题。基于单案例的扎根研究,选取具有代表性的大病医保公益基金与湖北巴东县实行的"巴东大病医保模式"为研究样本。通过分析发现扶贫类社会组织同政府的具体合作策略有3种:信任策略,构建无利益的伙伴关系;行动策略,调动双方人力共同行动;协调策略,及时根据政策更新调整合作。以此来实现扶贫类社会组织与政府的良性互动,发挥社会的治理功能与辅助作用。研究发现:3种策略间存在时间先后关系;合作策略推进过程中其价值能产生附加值;在不同的策略阶段,政府与社会组织的角色定位产生更替变化。因此,扶贫类社会组织同政府合作策略应遵循"互益共进"的行动逻辑。
In the context of the new era, social organizations have been given more missions and they have contributed new practices and new forces to public services and the development of social relief.Among them, the social organizations of poverty alleviation actively participates in the national targeted poverty alleviation strategy and gradually carries out a series of activities with impact and effectiveness. What kind of cooperation strategy is enacted in the process of cooperation between social organizations and the government is an issue which catches the eye of the theoretical and practical circles. Based on the rooted research of a single case, the "China Rural Kids Care " and the "Badong model " implemented in Badong are selected as the research samples. Through analysis, it is found that there are three specific cooperation strategies between social organizations of poverty alleviation and the government: trust strategy,namely, constructing non-profit partnerships; action strategies,namely,mobilizing the joint efforts of both parties; coordinating strategy, namely, timely adjusting and coordinating according to policies. Such strategies may realize benign interaction between social organizations of poverty alleviation and the government,and play a role in social governance and support. The study shows that there is a chronological relationship among the three strategies; the value of the cooperative strategy generates surplus value during the process of promotion; in different strategic stages,the role of the government and social organizations is changed.Therefore, social organizations of poverty alleviation and government cooperation strategy should follow the action logic of "mutual benefit".
In the context of the new era, social organizations have been given more missions and they have contributed new practices and new forces to public services and the development of social relief.Among them, the social organizations of poverty alleviation actively participates in the national targeted poverty alleviation strategy and gradually carries out a series of activities with impact and effectiveness. What kind of cooperation strategy is enacted in the process of cooperation between social organizations and the government is an issue which catches the eye of the theoretical and practical circles. Based on the rooted research of a single case, the "China Rural Kids Care " and the "Badong model " implemented in Badong are selected as the research samples. Through analysis, it is found that there are three specific cooperation strategies between social organizations of poverty alleviation and the government: trust strategy,namely, constructing non-profit partnerships; action strategies,namely,mobilizing the joint efforts of both parties; coordinating strategy, namely, timely adjusting and coordinating according to policies. Such strategies may realize benign interaction between social organizations of poverty alleviation and the government,and play a role in social governance and support. The study shows that there is a chronological relationship among the three strategies; the value of the cooperative strategy generates surplus value during the process of promotion; in different strategic stages,the role of the government and social organizations is changed.Therefore, social organizations of poverty alleviation and government cooperation strategy should follow the action logic of "mutual benefit".
引文
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[3]郁建兴,沈永东.调适性合作:十八大以来中国政府与社会组织关系的策略性变革[J].政治学研究,2017(3):39-41.
[4]洪大用.中国民间组织扶贫工作的初步研究[J].江海学刊,2002(2):100-105.
[5]王名.NGO及其在扶贫开发中的作用[J].清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2001(1):75-80.
[6]匡远配,汪三贵.中国民间组织参与扶贫开发:比较优势及发展方向[J].岭南学刊,2010(3):89-94.
[7]风笑天.社会学研究方法[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009:20-23.
[8]朱健刚.草根NGO与中国公民社会的成长[J].开放时代,2004(6):36-45.
[9]JONATHAN U,ANITA C.China,corporatism,and the East Asian model[J].The Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs,1995,33:29-53.
[10]康晓光,卢宪英,韩恒.改革时代的国家与社会关系---行政吸纳社会[M]//王名.中国民间组织30年---走向公民社会.北京:中国社会科学出版社,2008:30-35.
[11]唐文玉.行政吸纳服务---中国大陆国家与社会关系的一种新诠释[J].公共管理学报,2010,7(1):13-19.
[12]邓燕华,阮横俯.农村银色力量何以可能?---以浙江老年协会为例[J].社会学研究,2008(6):131-140.
[13]田凯.组织外形化:非协调约束下的组织运作---一个研究中国慈善组织与政府关系的理论框架[J].社会学研究,2004(4):64-75.
[14]田凯.政府与非营利组织的信任关系研究---一个社会学理性选择理论视角的分析[J].学术研究,2005(1):90-96.
[15]何艳玲,周晓锋,张鹏举.边缘草根组织的行动策略及其解释[J].公共管理学报,2009,6(1):48-54.
[16]李贺楼.扎根理论方法与国内公共管理研究[J].中国行政管理,2015(11):76-81.
[17]GIAIO A,PRICE N,HAMILTON L,et al.Forging an identity:an insider-outsider study of processes involved in the formation of organizational identity[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2010,55(1):1-46.
[18]GLASER G.Basic of grounded theory[M].Mill Valley,CA:The Sociology Press,1992:33-35.
[19]翟军亮.公共价值:行将崛起还是面临崩塌?---基于综合性构念生命周期模型的分析[J].中国矿业大学学报(社会科学版),2017(3):21-28.
[20]马亮.第三方评估提升政府绩效的理论框架与研究展望[J].江苏师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018,44(2):68-78.