美国商业建筑空调负荷控制策略及其在自动需求响应系统中的整合应用
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摘要
随着社会开放性以及自动化程度的不断提高,需求响应也朝着开放化、自动化的方向发展,商业建筑,尤其是其中的空调负荷,也开始加入到需求响应中。美国作为"需求响应"概念的提出者,其开放性以及自动化程度也较高,对于商业建筑空调负荷的需求响应也有较为深入的研究及实地试点。对美国需求响应在商业建筑空调负荷中的具体策略进行介绍,还将对考虑空调负荷的自动需求响应系统的发展架构、空调负荷在自动需求响应中的接入以及自动需求响应系统的商业运作模式进行介绍,从而更好地促进我国商业建筑空调负荷在需求响应中发挥作用。
With the continuous improvement of the openness and automation of the society,demand response is also developing towards the direction of opening and automation.Commercial buildings,especially the HVAC load,also began to join the demand response.The United States as "demand response" concept of the author,the openness and automation of demand response is also higher and it has further research and pilot project for the demand response of HVAC load of commercial buildings.This paper introduces the specific strategies of HVAC load of commercial buildings in the demand response of America.In addition,thedevelopment framework of automated demand response systemthat consider the HVAC load,the access of automated demand response systemfor HVAC load and the business operation of automated demand response system are introduced,so as to better promote the openness and automation of demand response in China.
With the continuous improvement of the openness and automation of the society,demand response is also developing towards the direction of opening and automation.Commercial buildings,especially the HVAC load,also began to join the demand response.The United States as "demand response" concept of the author,the openness and automation of demand response is also higher and it has further research and pilot project for the demand response of HVAC load of commercial buildings.This paper introduces the specific strategies of HVAC load of commercial buildings in the demand response of America.In addition,thedevelopment framework of automated demand response systemthat consider the HVAC load,the access of automated demand response systemfor HVAC load and the business operation of automated demand response system are introduced,so as to better promote the openness and automation of demand response in China.
引文
[1]王蓓蓓,李扬,高赐威.智能电网框架下的需求侧管理展望与思考[J].电力系统自动化,2009(20):17-22.
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[4]唐楠,李艺丰,王蓓蓓,等.美国需求响应技术和思考(上)[J].电力需求侧管理,2015,17(6):55-61.
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[6]Kiliccote S,Price P,Pirtte MA,etal.Field Testing of automated demand response for integration of renewable resources in California's ancillary services market for regulation products[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2012.
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[8]韩珺巧.夏季电力短缺的解决方案——电力需求响应及其在空调制冷系统中的应用[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2008,29(1):1-4.
[9]Lu N.Anevaluationofthe HVACloadpotentialforproviding load balancing service[J].Smart Grid,IEEE Transactions on,2012,3(3):1263-1270.
[10]邓宇鑫,王磊,李扬.美国居民空调直接负荷控制项目负荷削减评估方法研究[J].华东电力,2014,2:038.
[11]Han J,Piette M A.Solutions for summer electric power shortages:Demand response and its applications in air conditioning and refrigerating systems[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2008.
[12]戚野白,王丹,贾宏杰,等.基于局部终端温度调节的中央空调需求响应控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015(17):82-88.
[13]李扬,王蓓蓓,宋宏坤.需求响应及其应用[J].电力需求侧管理,2005,7(6):13-15.
[14]Piette M A,Watson D,Motegi N,et al.Automated critical peak pricing field tests:2006 pilot program description and results[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2007.
[15]Dudley J H.Open Automated Demand Response for Small Commerical Buildings[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2009.
[16]盛万兴,史常凯,孙军平,等.智能用电中自动需求响应的特征及研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(23):1-7.
[17]Kiliccote S.Northwest Open Automated Demand Response Technology Demonstration Project[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2010.
[18]Kiliccote S.Installation and commissioning automated demand response systems[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2008.
[19]张钦,王锡凡,王建学,等.电力市场下需求响应研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(3):97-106.
[2]高赐威,梁甜甜,李慧星,等.开放式自动需求响应通信规范的发展和应用综述[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):692-698.
[3]Kiliccote S.Findings from seven years of field performance data for automated demand response in commercial buildings[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2010.
[4]唐楠,李艺丰,王蓓蓓,等.美国需求响应技术和思考(上)[J].电力需求侧管理,2015,17(6):55-61.
[5]Bharvirkar R.Retail Demand Response in Southwest Power Pool[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2009.
[6]Kiliccote S,Price P,Pirtte MA,etal.Field Testing of automated demand response for integration of renewable resources in California's ancillary services market for regulation products[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2012.
[7]高赐威,梁甜甜,李扬.自动需求响应的理论与实践综述[J].电网技术,2014,38(2):352-359.
[8]韩珺巧.夏季电力短缺的解决方案——电力需求响应及其在空调制冷系统中的应用[J].制冷空调与电力机械,2008,29(1):1-4.
[9]Lu N.Anevaluationofthe HVACloadpotentialforproviding load balancing service[J].Smart Grid,IEEE Transactions on,2012,3(3):1263-1270.
[10]邓宇鑫,王磊,李扬.美国居民空调直接负荷控制项目负荷削减评估方法研究[J].华东电力,2014,2:038.
[11]Han J,Piette M A.Solutions for summer electric power shortages:Demand response and its applications in air conditioning and refrigerating systems[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2008.
[12]戚野白,王丹,贾宏杰,等.基于局部终端温度调节的中央空调需求响应控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015(17):82-88.
[13]李扬,王蓓蓓,宋宏坤.需求响应及其应用[J].电力需求侧管理,2005,7(6):13-15.
[14]Piette M A,Watson D,Motegi N,et al.Automated critical peak pricing field tests:2006 pilot program description and results[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2007.
[15]Dudley J H.Open Automated Demand Response for Small Commerical Buildings[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2009.
[16]盛万兴,史常凯,孙军平,等.智能用电中自动需求响应的特征及研究框架[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(23):1-7.
[17]Kiliccote S.Northwest Open Automated Demand Response Technology Demonstration Project[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2010.
[18]Kiliccote S.Installation and commissioning automated demand response systems[R].Berkeley,CA:Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,2008.
[19]张钦,王锡凡,王建学,等.电力市场下需求响应研究综述[J].电力系统自动化,2008,32(3):97-106.