基于有效最大含水量的土壤水分监测优化布设方法
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摘要
考虑空间变异的土壤水分精准测定是作物适时适量灌溉的基础。以土壤有效最大含水量作为关键参数,结合经典统计学和地统计学方法,提出了土壤水分监测优化布设数量与位置的确定方法,克服了以实测土壤含水量作为参数导致通用性差的弊端,并以北京大兴试验区3.645 km2为例,布设了129个采样点,分析了土壤有效最大含水量空间变异规律,提出了优化的采样数目及具体布设位置。结果表明:(1)土壤有效最大含水量在0~40与0~80 cm深度均满足正态分布,其变异系数分别是14.96%和13.56%,表现为中等程度的变异;(2)运用经典统计学方法获得在置信区间90%、采样误差10%情况下,0~40和0~80 cm深度的合理采样数分别为6个和5个,并采用地统计学方法确定了具体布设位置。(3)以129个样点估算的区域含水量作为实测值,依据优化采样点估算的区域含水量误差均低于10%,因此基于有效最大含水量的土壤水分监测优化布设方法可以在保证区域测量精度情况下,大幅减少采样点数量。
Accurate determination of soil moisture that takes into account spatial variability is the basis for timely and proper irrigation of crops The available maximum content of soil is the key parameter. Using the classical statistics and geo-statistics,we proposed a method to determine the sampling number and location of soil moisture monitoring optimization,and overcame the shortcoming of poor universality due to the measured soil water content as a parameter. Based on the 3. 645 km2 in Beijing Daxing experimental area,we analyzed the spatial variability of soil available maximum content and proposed the optimal sampling number and location. The results are summarized as follows:(1) The available maximum water content of soil was normal distribution at 0~ 40 cm and 0~ 80 cm depth,and their coefficients of variation were 14.96% and 13.56%,respectively which showed a medium scale variation.(2) Under the circumstances of 90% confidence interval and Sampling error of 10%. The reasonable sampling number are six at 0 ~ 40 cm depth and five at 0 ~ 80 cm depth in the method of classical statistics and determined the specific layout of the location through the geo-statistical.(3) Compared with the measured soil water content of129 samples,the error is less than 10%. Therefore,based on the available maximum water content of soil moisture monitoring optimization layout method can dramatically reduce the sampling number in the case of regional measurement accuracy assurance.
Accurate determination of soil moisture that takes into account spatial variability is the basis for timely and proper irrigation of crops The available maximum content of soil is the key parameter. Using the classical statistics and geo-statistics,we proposed a method to determine the sampling number and location of soil moisture monitoring optimization,and overcame the shortcoming of poor universality due to the measured soil water content as a parameter. Based on the 3. 645 km2 in Beijing Daxing experimental area,we analyzed the spatial variability of soil available maximum content and proposed the optimal sampling number and location. The results are summarized as follows:(1) The available maximum water content of soil was normal distribution at 0~ 40 cm and 0~ 80 cm depth,and their coefficients of variation were 14.96% and 13.56%,respectively which showed a medium scale variation.(2) Under the circumstances of 90% confidence interval and Sampling error of 10%. The reasonable sampling number are six at 0 ~ 40 cm depth and five at 0 ~ 80 cm depth in the method of classical statistics and determined the specific layout of the location through the geo-statistical.(3) Compared with the measured soil water content of129 samples,the error is less than 10%. Therefore,based on the available maximum water content of soil moisture monitoring optimization layout method can dramatically reduce the sampling number in the case of regional measurement accuracy assurance.
引文
[1]申祥民,雷晓云.棉花膜下滴灌条件下农田土壤水分的空间变异性研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2010.
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[3]周世军,雷晓云,李芳松,等.棉花膜下滴灌田间土壤水分的时空变异规律研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,(10):22-24.
[4]Herbst M,Diekkruger B.Modeling the spatial variability of soil moisture in a micro-scale catchment and comparison with field data using geostatistics[J].Phys.Chem.Earth 2003,28(6-7):239-245.
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[6]龚绍琦,黄家柱,李云梅,等.太湖梅梁湾水质参数空间变异及合理取样数目研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006,22(2):50-54.
[7]谢恒星,张振华,刘继龙,等.土壤含水量合理取样数目影响因素的试验研究——以烟台苹果园为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(4):114-118.
[8]信秀丽,张佳宝,朱安宁.区域土壤水分监测点布设方式探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(3):16-19.
[9]汪羽宁,樊军,李世清.小麦实时控制灌溉的土壤水分含量探头合理埋设深度研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(5):10-12.
[10]Junior V V,Carvalho.Spatial variability of soil water content and mechanical resistance of Bra Zilian ferralsol[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2006,85(1-2):166-177.
[11]Ferreyra R A,Apeztegufa H P,Sereno R.Reduction of soil water spatial sampling density using scaled semivariograms and simulated annealing[J].Geodema,2002,110(3-4),265-289.
[12]申祥民,雷晓云,陈大春,等.不同布点方式的膜下滴灌棉田土壤水分的空间变异研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2010,33(4):363-368.
[13]Lydia Mumbi CHABALA,Augustine MULOLWA,Obed LUNGU.Application of Ordinary Kriging in Mapping Soil Organic Carbon in Zambia[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(2):338-343.
[14]Wilson D J,Western A W,Rodger B Grayson,et al.Spatial distribution of soil moisture over 6 and 30 cm depth,Mahurangi river catchment,New Zealand[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,276(1-4):254-274.
[15]N.V.Prasolova.Spatial-temporal variability of soil moisture,nitrogen availability indices and other chemical properties in hoop pine(Araucaria cunninghamii)plantations of subtropical Australia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,136(1-3):1-10.
[16]李彦,郑国玉,雷晓云.滴灌棉田灌溉单元内土壤墒情监测点的采样效率研究[J].灌溉排水学报.2014,33(2):90-93.
[17]张继光,陈洪松,苏以荣,等.喀斯特地区典型峰丛洼地表层土壤水分空间变异及合理取样数研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):114-117.
[18]杨贵羽,陈亚新.土壤水分盐分空间变异性与合理采样数研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(4):64-66.
[19]吴宏平,王树仿,缴锡云.膜下滴灌墒情监测点布设方案研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2015,13(2):144-147.
[20]孙凯,王一鸣,杨绍辉.墒情监测取样方法的研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(4):74-78.
[21]陈坤,雷晓云,李彦,等.加工番茄膜下滴灌墒情监测点的数目研究[J].节水灌溉,2012,(1):4-7.
[22]杨风亮,缴锡云,刘一休,等.棉花膜下滴灌墒情监测点的定位[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(3):29-31.
[23]李芳松,雷晓云,周世军,等.膜下滴灌棉田墒情监测点的横向定位研究[J].节水灌溉,2011,(3):4-6.
[24]Phene C J,Howell T A.Soil sensor control of high-frequency irrigation systems[J].Transaction of the ASAE,1984,27(2):102-104.
[25]Stegman E C.Irrigation Water Management[M].Chicago,Illinois,USA:American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1982:763-816.
[26]Haman D Z,Ross Phil,Tacker D S.Critical management issues for SDI systems in North Carolina[J].North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service,2008,(6):45-56.
[27]申孝军,孙景生,张寄阳,等.滴灌棉田土壤水分测点最优布设研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):90-95.
[28]刘国水,刘钰,许迪,等.农田不同尺度蒸散量的尺度效应与气象因子的关系[J].水利学报.2011,42(3):284-289.
[29]关作正,石岚,徐丽娜.黄河流域托万区间SWAT模型土壤属性数据库的建立[J].内蒙古水利.2009,(4):5-7.
[30]Cochran W G.Sampling Techniques[M].Third Edition.New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,1977.
[31]陈坤,雷晓云.自动化膜下滴灌加工番茄墒情特征分析及墒情预报模型研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2012.
[32]杨诗秀,雷志栋,吴婉如,等.农田尺度土壤水分的监测[J].水科学进展.1996,7(1):14-19.
[2]Brocca L,Morbidelli R,Melone F,et al.Soil Moisture Spatial Variability in Experimental Areas of Central Italy[J].Journal of Hydrology(0022-1694).2007,333:356-373.
[3]周世军,雷晓云,李芳松,等.棉花膜下滴灌田间土壤水分的时空变异规律研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2010,(10):22-24.
[4]Herbst M,Diekkruger B.Modeling the spatial variability of soil moisture in a micro-scale catchment and comparison with field data using geostatistics[J].Phys.Chem.Earth 2003,28(6-7):239-245.
[5]李芳松,雷晓云,周世军,等.南疆地区棉花整个生育期内土壤水分空间变异性分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2010,21(2):63-67.
[6]龚绍琦,黄家柱,李云梅,等.太湖梅梁湾水质参数空间变异及合理取样数目研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006,22(2):50-54.
[7]谢恒星,张振华,刘继龙,等.土壤含水量合理取样数目影响因素的试验研究——以烟台苹果园为例[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(4):114-118.
[8]信秀丽,张佳宝,朱安宁.区域土壤水分监测点布设方式探讨[J].灌溉排水学报,2008,27(3):16-19.
[9]汪羽宁,樊军,李世清.小麦实时控制灌溉的土壤水分含量探头合理埋设深度研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(5):10-12.
[10]Junior V V,Carvalho.Spatial variability of soil water content and mechanical resistance of Bra Zilian ferralsol[J].Soil and Tillage Research,2006,85(1-2):166-177.
[11]Ferreyra R A,Apeztegufa H P,Sereno R.Reduction of soil water spatial sampling density using scaled semivariograms and simulated annealing[J].Geodema,2002,110(3-4),265-289.
[12]申祥民,雷晓云,陈大春,等.不同布点方式的膜下滴灌棉田土壤水分的空间变异研究[J].新疆农业大学学报,2010,33(4):363-368.
[13]Lydia Mumbi CHABALA,Augustine MULOLWA,Obed LUNGU.Application of Ordinary Kriging in Mapping Soil Organic Carbon in Zambia[J].Pedosphere,2017,27(2):338-343.
[14]Wilson D J,Western A W,Rodger B Grayson,et al.Spatial distribution of soil moisture over 6 and 30 cm depth,Mahurangi river catchment,New Zealand[J].Journal of Hydrology,2003,276(1-4):254-274.
[15]N.V.Prasolova.Spatial-temporal variability of soil moisture,nitrogen availability indices and other chemical properties in hoop pine(Araucaria cunninghamii)plantations of subtropical Australia[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,136(1-3):1-10.
[16]李彦,郑国玉,雷晓云.滴灌棉田灌溉单元内土壤墒情监测点的采样效率研究[J].灌溉排水学报.2014,33(2):90-93.
[17]张继光,陈洪松,苏以荣,等.喀斯特地区典型峰丛洼地表层土壤水分空间变异及合理取样数研究[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(2):114-117.
[18]杨贵羽,陈亚新.土壤水分盐分空间变异性与合理采样数研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(4):64-66.
[19]吴宏平,王树仿,缴锡云.膜下滴灌墒情监测点布设方案研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2015,13(2):144-147.
[20]孙凯,王一鸣,杨绍辉.墒情监测取样方法的研究[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(4):74-78.
[21]陈坤,雷晓云,李彦,等.加工番茄膜下滴灌墒情监测点的数目研究[J].节水灌溉,2012,(1):4-7.
[22]杨风亮,缴锡云,刘一休,等.棉花膜下滴灌墒情监测点的定位[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(3):29-31.
[23]李芳松,雷晓云,周世军,等.膜下滴灌棉田墒情监测点的横向定位研究[J].节水灌溉,2011,(3):4-6.
[24]Phene C J,Howell T A.Soil sensor control of high-frequency irrigation systems[J].Transaction of the ASAE,1984,27(2):102-104.
[25]Stegman E C.Irrigation Water Management[M].Chicago,Illinois,USA:American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1982:763-816.
[26]Haman D Z,Ross Phil,Tacker D S.Critical management issues for SDI systems in North Carolina[J].North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service,2008,(6):45-56.
[27]申孝军,孙景生,张寄阳,等.滴灌棉田土壤水分测点最优布设研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):90-95.
[28]刘国水,刘钰,许迪,等.农田不同尺度蒸散量的尺度效应与气象因子的关系[J].水利学报.2011,42(3):284-289.
[29]关作正,石岚,徐丽娜.黄河流域托万区间SWAT模型土壤属性数据库的建立[J].内蒙古水利.2009,(4):5-7.
[30]Cochran W G.Sampling Techniques[M].Third Edition.New York:John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,1977.
[31]陈坤,雷晓云.自动化膜下滴灌加工番茄墒情特征分析及墒情预报模型研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2012.
[32]杨诗秀,雷志栋,吴婉如,等.农田尺度土壤水分的监测[J].水科学进展.1996,7(1):14-19.