水分传感器位置及灌水阈值对膜下滴灌棉花生理指标及产量的影响
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摘要
为了探索适宜的水分传感器位置、决策阈值因素对膜下滴灌棉花生理生长及产量的影响,通过大田试验,分别设置3种灌水阈值和决策传感器的二因素三水平完全处理试验。结果表明:水分传感器位置因素对棉花叶片光合特性(净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr、气孔导度Gs、胞间CO2浓度Ci、水分利用效率WUE)、棉花株高、叶面积指数达到显著性水平(P<0.05),灌水阈值因素对棉花以上指标未达到显著性水平(P>0.05),水分传感器位置与灌水阈值对棉花生理生长以及产量达到显著性水平(P<0.05)。棉花叶片Pn、Tr、Gs和Ci、WUE最大值均在T5处理,气孔限制值Ls最大值在CK处理。棉花净光合速率与蒸腾速率、气孔导度之间密切相关,棉花产量与棉花净光合速率、叶面积有较好的相关关系,净光合速率与叶面积在一定程度上能反映棉花产量。根据试验结果,初步认定水分传感器位置在地表下40 cm、中等灌水阈值(T5)为适宜方案,可为新疆自动化控制灌溉提供理论依据。
In order to explore the appropriate location of moisture sensors and the influence of decision threshold on the physiological growth and yield of cotton under drip irrigation,three full treatment trials of three irrigation thresholds and decision sensors are set up respectively.The results show that the influences of the sensor location on the photosynthetic characteristics( Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci,WUE) of cotton reach the significant level( P<0.05); the influence of the threshold of irrigation does not reach the significant level; the location of water sensor and the threshold of irrigation have significant effect on the physiological growth of cotton and the yield,which reaches significant level( P <0.05); the maximum values of Pn,Tr,Gs and Ci and WUE of cotton leaves are all in T5 and the maximum of Ls is in CK; cotton net photosynthetic rate is closely related to the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance; cotton yield has a good correlation with net photosynthetic rate and leaf area of cotton; net photosynthesis rate and leaf area can reflect cotton yield to a certain extent. According to the test results,it is preliminarily determined that the moisture sensor position of 40 cm under the surface and the medium irrigation threshold( T5) is an appropriate solution,which can provide a theoretical basis for automatic control irrigation in Xinjiang.
In order to explore the appropriate location of moisture sensors and the influence of decision threshold on the physiological growth and yield of cotton under drip irrigation,three full treatment trials of three irrigation thresholds and decision sensors are set up respectively.The results show that the influences of the sensor location on the photosynthetic characteristics( Pn,Tr,Gs,Ci,WUE) of cotton reach the significant level( P<0.05); the influence of the threshold of irrigation does not reach the significant level; the location of water sensor and the threshold of irrigation have significant effect on the physiological growth of cotton and the yield,which reaches significant level( P <0.05); the maximum values of Pn,Tr,Gs and Ci and WUE of cotton leaves are all in T5 and the maximum of Ls is in CK; cotton net photosynthetic rate is closely related to the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance; cotton yield has a good correlation with net photosynthetic rate and leaf area of cotton; net photosynthesis rate and leaf area can reflect cotton yield to a certain extent. According to the test results,it is preliminarily determined that the moisture sensor position of 40 cm under the surface and the medium irrigation threshold( T5) is an appropriate solution,which can provide a theoretical basis for automatic control irrigation in Xinjiang.
引文
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[14]陈冠文,陈谦,宋继军,等.超高产棉花苗情诊断与调控技术[M].新疆:新疆科学技术出版社,2009.
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[18]李彦,雷晓云,白云岗.不同灌水下限对棉花产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(4):132-134.
[19]罗宏海,李俊华,勾玲,等.膜下滴灌对不同土壤水分棉花花铃期光合生产、分配及籽棉产量的调节[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):1 955-1 962.
[2]阿布都卡依木·阿布力米提,赵经华,等.南疆自动化滴灌棉花灌溉制度的研究[J].节水灌溉,2017,(1):33-37.
[3]赵波,范文波,刘圣凡,等.兵团南北疆膜下滴灌棉花经济效益调查与分析:以农1、2、5、8师为例[J].中国农村水利水电,2014,(7):41-47.
[4]李芳松,雷晓云,周世军,等.膜下滴灌棉田墒情监测点的横向定位研究[J].节水灌溉,2011,(4):4-6,10.
[5]申孝军,孙景生,张寄阳,等.滴灌棉田土壤水分测点最优布设研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):90-95.
[6]李芳松.自动化膜下滴灌棉田土壤水分空间变异规律及墒情监测点的合理布设研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2011.
[7]刘建军,陈燕华,李明思.膜下滴灌棉花植株耗水率与土壤水分的关系[J].棉花学报,2002,14(4):200-203.
[8]俞希根,孙景生.棉花适宜土壤水分下限和干旱指标研究[J].棉花学报,1999,11(1):35-38.
[9]Chaum S,Kirdmanee C.Effect of glycinebetaine on proline,water use,and photosynthetic efficiencies,and growth of rice seedlings under salt stress[J].Turkish Journal of Agriculture&Forestry,2010,34(6):455-479.
[10]LAROCQUE G R.Coupling a detailed photosynthetic model with foliage distribution and light attenuation functions to compute daily gross photosynthesis in sugar maple(Acer Saccharum Marsh.)stands[J].Ecological Modelling,2002,148(3):213-232.
[11]洪继仁,方光华,陈如梅,等.棉花实验方法[M].北京:农业出版社,1985.
[12]Farquhar GD,Sharkey TD.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology,1982,33:317-345.
[13]李全起,沈加印,赵丹丹.灌溉频率对冬小麦产量及叶片水分利用效率的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(3):33-36.
[14]陈冠文,陈谦,宋继军,等.超高产棉花苗情诊断与调控技术[M].新疆:新疆科学技术出版社,2009.
[15]SL13-2004,灌溉试验规范[S].
[16]Hagan R M,Haise H R,Edminster T W.Soil,plant,and evaporative measurements as criteria for scheduling irrigation[J].Irrigation of agricultural lands.Agronomy,1967,11:577-597.
[17]Stegman E C,Musick J T,Stewart J I,et al.Irrigation water management[J].Design and operation of farm irrigation systems,1980:763-816.
[18]李彦,雷晓云,白云岗.不同灌水下限对棉花产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2013,32(4):132-134.
[19]罗宏海,李俊华,勾玲,等.膜下滴灌对不同土壤水分棉花花铃期光合生产、分配及籽棉产量的调节[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(7):1 955-1 962.