闽西仙云洞石笋记录的Heinrich2事件年龄及亚旋回特征
|
摘要
选取福建西部仙云洞石笋(XYⅢ-28),通过利用U系定年和氧碳同位素测试方法分别对9个U/Th年龄和301个氧同位素样品进行分析,从而建立了26.33～22.98 kyr B.P.期间平均分辨率为11 yr的东亚夏季风演化序列。该石笋记录最显著的特征是在24.09～23.39 kyr B.P.时段内δ~(18)O偏正,振幅为0.7‰,对应于北大西洋显著的Heinrich2(H2)突变事件。根据主要变化过程中间点的位置可以标定H2事件的起止时间分别为24.09±0.06 kyr B.P.、23.39±0.07 kyr B.P.。XYⅢ-28石笋记录的H2事件内部呈现出明显的百年至十年际尺度的"两谷一峰"结构的亚旋回特征。这种百年至十年际尺度的亚旋回事件在H1事件、新仙女木事件以及小冰期等内部同样存在,表明这些千年尺度极端变冷事件内部气候也是不稳定的,可能受控于相同的驱动因素。仙云洞石笋记录与高低纬古气候记录对比发现,南北半球呈现反相位关系,即"see-saw"模式。
The Last Glacial Maximum( LGM),which was the last and largest glacial period in the history of the Earth's climate,has long been a hot issue in paleoclimate research. The Heinrich2 abrupt event( H2 event) was a typical ice raft debris event formed in the LGM,which occurred about 25-24 kyr B.P. During the H2 event,ice raft debris extended southward,and large amounts of cold and fresh water were integrated into the North Atlantic. This led to the reduction of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation( AMOC),cooling of the Northern Hemisphere,and weakening of the East Asian Summer Monsoon( EASM) as a result of the southward shift of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone( ITCZ). Although the H2 event is recorded in global records,there are still some discrepancies about the beginning and ending times of the H2 event due to the accuracy of dating and sample resolution. The NGRIP δ~(18)O record with layer-counting time scales is not significant at the H2 event. The age of the H2 event can be calibrated in stalagmite records of high-precision230 Th ages in the Asian monsoon region,but the time and structure still need to be further investigated.Xianyun Cave( 116°59'E,25°33'N,970 m a.s.l) is located in Laiyuan Town,Liancheng County,Fujian Province,Southeast China. The cave is approximately 970 m in altitude and overlain by 30-50 m of Permian limestone bedrock. Annual average temperature in the region is 19.3 ℃,and the mean precipitation is 1 500-1 700 mm. The cave temperature is about 17.5 ℃. The relative humidity inside is close to 100%. The precipitation of δ~(18)O in Xianyun Cave area is strongly influenced by the EASM: when the summer monsoon is strong,the δ~(18)O value of precipitation is negatively biased,and vice versa.This paper presents a high-resolution stalagmite isotope record( XYIII-28) from Xianyun Cave in western Fujian Province to reveal the detailed precipitation history of the EASM from 26.33 to 22.98 kyr B.P.,based on nine highprecision230 Th ages and 301 oxygen isotope data points and yielding an average resolution of 11 years. The high-resolution stalagmite δ~(18)O record is characterized by a positive shift process during the interval 24.09-23.39 kyr B.P. with an amplitude of 0.7‰,which demonstrates this remarkable H2 event from the North Atlantic. According to the midpoint of the main transition process,the beginning and ending times of the H2 event can be dated as 24.09±0.06 kyr B.P. and 23.39±0.07 kyr B.P.,respectively. The duration of the H2 event was 0.69±0.06 kyr. The H2 event recorded by XYIII-28 shows a very obvious centenary-decade scale "double-positive"sub-cycle feature structure. This feature,which was recorded in the XYIII-28,also existed in the H1 event,the Younger Dryas event,and the Little Ice Age,illustrating that the internal structure of these extreme cooling events is unstable and that their driving mechanisms may be similar. Compared with paleoclimate records for high and low latitudes,XYIII-28 shows an anti-phase relationship between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres,namely the "see-saw"model.
The Last Glacial Maximum( LGM),which was the last and largest glacial period in the history of the Earth's climate,has long been a hot issue in paleoclimate research. The Heinrich2 abrupt event( H2 event) was a typical ice raft debris event formed in the LGM,which occurred about 25-24 kyr B.P. During the H2 event,ice raft debris extended southward,and large amounts of cold and fresh water were integrated into the North Atlantic. This led to the reduction of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation( AMOC),cooling of the Northern Hemisphere,and weakening of the East Asian Summer Monsoon( EASM) as a result of the southward shift of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone( ITCZ). Although the H2 event is recorded in global records,there are still some discrepancies about the beginning and ending times of the H2 event due to the accuracy of dating and sample resolution. The NGRIP δ~(18)O record with layer-counting time scales is not significant at the H2 event. The age of the H2 event can be calibrated in stalagmite records of high-precision230 Th ages in the Asian monsoon region,but the time and structure still need to be further investigated.Xianyun Cave( 116°59'E,25°33'N,970 m a.s.l) is located in Laiyuan Town,Liancheng County,Fujian Province,Southeast China. The cave is approximately 970 m in altitude and overlain by 30-50 m of Permian limestone bedrock. Annual average temperature in the region is 19.3 ℃,and the mean precipitation is 1 500-1 700 mm. The cave temperature is about 17.5 ℃. The relative humidity inside is close to 100%. The precipitation of δ~(18)O in Xianyun Cave area is strongly influenced by the EASM: when the summer monsoon is strong,the δ~(18)O value of precipitation is negatively biased,and vice versa.This paper presents a high-resolution stalagmite isotope record( XYIII-28) from Xianyun Cave in western Fujian Province to reveal the detailed precipitation history of the EASM from 26.33 to 22.98 kyr B.P.,based on nine highprecision230 Th ages and 301 oxygen isotope data points and yielding an average resolution of 11 years. The high-resolution stalagmite δ~(18)O record is characterized by a positive shift process during the interval 24.09-23.39 kyr B.P. with an amplitude of 0.7‰,which demonstrates this remarkable H2 event from the North Atlantic. According to the midpoint of the main transition process,the beginning and ending times of the H2 event can be dated as 24.09±0.06 kyr B.P. and 23.39±0.07 kyr B.P.,respectively. The duration of the H2 event was 0.69±0.06 kyr. The H2 event recorded by XYIII-28 shows a very obvious centenary-decade scale "double-positive"sub-cycle feature structure. This feature,which was recorded in the XYIII-28,also existed in the H1 event,the Younger Dryas event,and the Little Ice Age,illustrating that the internal structure of these extreme cooling events is unstable and that their driving mechanisms may be similar. Compared with paleoclimate records for high and low latitudes,XYIII-28 shows an anti-phase relationship between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres,namely the "see-saw"model.
引文
[1]Clark P U,Dyke A S,Shakun J D,et al.The last glacial maximum[J].Science,2009,325(5941):710-714.
[2]Heinrich H.Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years[J].Quaternary Research,1988,29(2):142-152.
[3]Bond G C,Showewrs W J,Cheseby M,et al.A pervasive millennial-scale cycle in the North Atlantic Holocence and glacial climates[J].Science,1997,278(7):1257-1265.
[4]Eynaud F,De Abreu L,Voelker A,et al.Position of the Polar Front along the western Iberian margin during key cold episodes of the last 45 ka[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2009,10(7):131-147.
[5]Broecker W S.Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change[J].Nature,1994,372(6505):421-424.
[6]Grousset F E,Pujol C,Labeyrie L,et al.Were the North Atlantic Heinrich events triggered by the behavior of the European ice sheets?[J].Geology,2000,28(28):123-126.
[7]Mc Manus J F,Francois R,Gherardi J M,et al.Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes[J].Nature,2004,428(6985):834-837.
[8]Campos M C,Chiessi C M,Voigt I,et al.δ13C decreases in the upper western South Atlantic during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2[J].Climate of the Past,2017,13(4):348-359.
[9]Wang Y J,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.A high-resolution absolute-dated Late Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave,China[J].Science,2001,294(5550):2345-2348.
[10]Deplazes G,Lückge A,Peterson L C,et al.Links between tropical rainfall and North Atlantic climate during the last glacial period[J].Nature Geoscience,2013,6(3):213-217.
[11]Medina-Elizalde M,Burns S J,Polanco-martínez J,et al.Synchronous precipitation reduction in the American Tropics associated with Heinrich 2[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):11216,doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11742-8.
[12]Members E C.Stable oxygen isotopes of ice core EDML[J].Pangaea,2010,doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.754444.
[13]Wang X F,Edwards R L,Auler A S,et al.Hydroclimate changes across the Amazon lowlands over the past 45,000 years[J].Nature,2017,541(7636):204-207.
[14]Novello V F,Cruz F W,Vuille M,et al.A high-resolution history of the South American Monsoon from Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:44267.
[15]Bard E,Rostek F,Turon J L,et al.Hydrological impact of heinrich events in the subtropical northeast Atlantic[J].Science,2000,289(5483):1321-1324.
[16]Rasmussen S O,Seierstad I K,Andersen K K,et al.Synchronization of the NGRIP,GRIP,and GISP2 ice cores across MIS 2 and palaeoclimatic implications[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2008,27(1/2):18-28.
[17]陈仕涛,汪永进,吴江滢,等.东亚季风气候对Heinrich2事件的响应:来自石笋的高分辨率记录[J].地球化学,2006,35(6):586-592.[Chen Shitao,Wang Yongjin,Wu Jiangying,et al.An event of the East Asian monsoon responding to Heinrich Event 2:evidence from high-resolution stalagmite record[J].Geochimica,2006,35(6):586-592.]
[18]赵侃,汪永进.黔西南石笋记录MIS3/2阶段百年尺度季风演变和H事件特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(2):121-128.[Zhao Kan,Wang Yongjin.Asian Monsoon changes on centennial-scale and characters of Heinrich events during the MIS3/2 transition from a stalagmite record in southwest China[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(2):121-128.]
[19]Zhao K,Wang Y J,Edwards R L,et al.High-resolution stalagmiteδ18O records of Asian monsoon changes in central and southern China spanning the MIS 3/2 transition[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,298(1/2):191-198.
[20]吴秀平,吴锦奎,侯典炯,等.黄土高原西部石笋记录的H2事件特征[J].地球科学---中国地质大学学报,2013,38(3):471-481.[Wu Xiuping,Wu Jinkui,Hou Dianjiong,et al.Characteristics and variability of Heinrich-2 event recorded by stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition in the western Loess Plateau[J].Earth Sciences-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2013,38(3):471-481.]
[21]袁娜.重庆羊口洞石笋记录的Heinrich事件[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.[Yuan Na.The Heinrich events during the period recorded by the stalagmites in Yangkou Cave,Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2015.]
[22]Chen S,Wang Y,Cheng H,et al.Strong coupling of Asian Monsoon and Antarctic climates on sub-orbital timescales[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:32995.
[23]张富强,李苗发,曹奇,等.闽西仙云洞空间结构特征及其影响因素浅析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2018,13(1):88-94.[Zhang Fuqiang,Li Miaofa,Cao Qi,et al.Spatial structure and influencing factors of the Xianyun Cave in western Fujian province[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2018,13(1):88-94.]
[24]Shen C C,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.Measurement of attogram quantities of231Pa in dissolved and particulate fractions of seawater by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectroscopy[J].Analytical Chemistry,2003,75(5):1075-1079.
[25]Yuan D X,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.Timing,duration,and transitions of the Last Interglacial Asian monsoon[J].Science,2004,304(5670):575-578.
[26]Zhang P Z,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.A test of climate,sun,and culture relationships from an 1810-year Chinese cave record[J].Science,2008,322(5903):940-942.
[27]Tan L C,Cai Y J,Cheng H,et al.Centennial-to decadal-scale monsoon precipitation variations in the upper Hanjiang River region,China over the past 6650 years[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2018,482:580-590.
[28]Pausata F S R,Battisti D S,Nisancioglu K H,et al.Chinese stalagmiteδ18O controlled by changes in the Indian monsoon during a simulated Heinrich event[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(7):474-480.
[29]Maher B A.Holocene variability of the East Asian summer monsoon from Chinese cave records:a re-assessment[J].Holocene,2008,18(18):861-866.
[30]谭明.环流效应:中国季风区石笋氧同位素短尺度变化的气候意义-古气候记录与现代气候研究的一次对话[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(5):851-862.[Tan Ming.Circulation effect:climatic significance of the short term variability of the oxygen isotopes in stalagmites from monsoonal China-dialogue between paleoclimate records and modern climate research[J].Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(5):851-862.]
[31]程海,艾思本,王先锋,等.中国南方石笋氧同位素记录的重要意义[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(2):157-163.[Cheng Hai,Edwards R L,Wang Xianfeng,et al.Oxygen isotope records of stalagmites from southern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(2):157-163.]
[32]Cheng H,Edwards R L,Sinha A,et al.The Asian monsoon over the past 640,000 years and ice age terminations[J].Nature,2016,534(7609):640-646.
[33]Cheng H,Sinha A,Wang X F,et al.The Global Paleomonsoon as seen through speleothem records from Asia and the Americas[J].Climate Dynamics,2012,39(5):1045-1062.
[34]Liu Z Y,Wen X Y,Brady E C,et al.Chinese cave records and the East Asia Summer Monsoon[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2014,83:115-128.
[35]汪永进,吴江滢,刘殿兵,等.石笋记录的东亚季风气候H1事件突变性特征[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2002,32(3):227-233.[Wang Yongjin,Wu Jiangying,Liu Dianbing,et al.The characteristics of H1 event mutation of East Asian monsoon recorded by stalagmites[J].Science China(Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2002,32(3):227-233.]
[36]任小凤.豫西H1事件高分辨率气候变化的多指标石笋记录及洞穴监测研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.[Ren Xiaofeng.Ahigh-resolution climate changes during H1 event based on multiproxy stalagmite records and cave monitoring in western Henan,China[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2015.]
[37]Ma Z B,Cheng H,Tan M,et al.Timing and structure of the Younger Dryas event in northern China[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2012,41:83-93.
[38]Liu D B,Wang Y L,Cheng H,et al.Centennial-scale Asian Monsoon variability during the mid-Younger Dryas from Qingtian Cave,central China[J].Quaternary Research,2013,80(2):199-206.
[39]王璐瑶,赵侃,黄伟,等.新仙女木事件内部百年尺度弱季风事件的龙腑宫洞石笋记录[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2017,40(1):134-143.[Wang Luyao,Zhao Kan,Huang Wei,et al.Centennial-scale monsoon failure during the Younger Dryas event record in a high-resolution stalagmite from Longfugong cave,central China[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,40(1):134-143.]
[40]Wang Y J,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.The Holocene Asian monsoon:links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate[J].Science,2005,308(5723):854-857.
[41]Hu C Y,Henderson G M,Huang J H,et al.Quantification of Holocene Asian monsoon rainfall from spatially separated cave records[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,266(3/4):221-232.
[42]姜修洋,李志忠,李金全,等.最近500年来福建玉华洞石笋氧同位素记录及气候意义[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):207-212.[Jiang Xiuyang,Li Zhizhong,Li Jinquan,et al.Stalagmiteδ18ORecord from Yuhua Cave over the past 500 Years and its regional climate significance[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(2):207-212.]
[43]杨勋林,陈发虎,袁道先,等.高分辨率石笋记录的三峡库区小冰期气候变化[J].地理科学,2013,33(5):629-634.[Yang Xunlin,Chen Fahu,Yuan Daoxian,et al.Climate change during Little Ice Age with high-resolution stalagmite record in the ThreeGorges Reservoir Area[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(5):629-634.]
[44]Lynch-Stieglitz J,Schmidt M W,Gene H L.Muted change in Atlantic overturning circulation over some glacial-aged Heinrich events[J].Nature Geoscience,2014,7(2):144-150.
[45]赵平,陈军明,肖栋,等.夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动与大气环流和季风降水[J].气象学报,2008,66(5):716-729.[Zhao Ping,Chen Junming,Xiao Dong,et al.Summer Asian-Pacific Oscillation and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and monsoon rainfall[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2008,66(5):716-729.]
[46]Kanner L C,Burns S J,Cheng H,et al.High-latitude forcing of the South American summer monsoon during the Last Glacial[J].Science,2012,335(6068):570-573.
[47]Wang X F,Auler A S,Edwards R L,et al.Millennial-scale precipitation changes in southern Brazil over the past 90,000 years[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(23):L23701.
[2]Heinrich H.Origin and consequences of cyclic ice rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during the past 130,000 years[J].Quaternary Research,1988,29(2):142-152.
[3]Bond G C,Showewrs W J,Cheseby M,et al.A pervasive millennial-scale cycle in the North Atlantic Holocence and glacial climates[J].Science,1997,278(7):1257-1265.
[4]Eynaud F,De Abreu L,Voelker A,et al.Position of the Polar Front along the western Iberian margin during key cold episodes of the last 45 ka[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2009,10(7):131-147.
[5]Broecker W S.Massive iceberg discharges as triggers for global climate change[J].Nature,1994,372(6505):421-424.
[6]Grousset F E,Pujol C,Labeyrie L,et al.Were the North Atlantic Heinrich events triggered by the behavior of the European ice sheets?[J].Geology,2000,28(28):123-126.
[7]Mc Manus J F,Francois R,Gherardi J M,et al.Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes[J].Nature,2004,428(6985):834-837.
[8]Campos M C,Chiessi C M,Voigt I,et al.δ13C decreases in the upper western South Atlantic during Heinrich Stadials 3 and 2[J].Climate of the Past,2017,13(4):348-359.
[9]Wang Y J,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.A high-resolution absolute-dated Late Pleistocene monsoon record from Hulu Cave,China[J].Science,2001,294(5550):2345-2348.
[10]Deplazes G,Lückge A,Peterson L C,et al.Links between tropical rainfall and North Atlantic climate during the last glacial period[J].Nature Geoscience,2013,6(3):213-217.
[11]Medina-Elizalde M,Burns S J,Polanco-martínez J,et al.Synchronous precipitation reduction in the American Tropics associated with Heinrich 2[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):11216,doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11742-8.
[12]Members E C.Stable oxygen isotopes of ice core EDML[J].Pangaea,2010,doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.754444.
[13]Wang X F,Edwards R L,Auler A S,et al.Hydroclimate changes across the Amazon lowlands over the past 45,000 years[J].Nature,2017,541(7636):204-207.
[14]Novello V F,Cruz F W,Vuille M,et al.A high-resolution history of the South American Monsoon from Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7:44267.
[15]Bard E,Rostek F,Turon J L,et al.Hydrological impact of heinrich events in the subtropical northeast Atlantic[J].Science,2000,289(5483):1321-1324.
[16]Rasmussen S O,Seierstad I K,Andersen K K,et al.Synchronization of the NGRIP,GRIP,and GISP2 ice cores across MIS 2 and palaeoclimatic implications[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2008,27(1/2):18-28.
[17]陈仕涛,汪永进,吴江滢,等.东亚季风气候对Heinrich2事件的响应:来自石笋的高分辨率记录[J].地球化学,2006,35(6):586-592.[Chen Shitao,Wang Yongjin,Wu Jiangying,et al.An event of the East Asian monsoon responding to Heinrich Event 2:evidence from high-resolution stalagmite record[J].Geochimica,2006,35(6):586-592.]
[18]赵侃,汪永进.黔西南石笋记录MIS3/2阶段百年尺度季风演变和H事件特征[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2011,31(2):121-128.[Zhao Kan,Wang Yongjin.Asian Monsoon changes on centennial-scale and characters of Heinrich events during the MIS3/2 transition from a stalagmite record in southwest China[J].Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,2011,31(2):121-128.]
[19]Zhao K,Wang Y J,Edwards R L,et al.High-resolution stalagmiteδ18O records of Asian monsoon changes in central and southern China spanning the MIS 3/2 transition[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2010,298(1/2):191-198.
[20]吴秀平,吴锦奎,侯典炯,等.黄土高原西部石笋记录的H2事件特征[J].地球科学---中国地质大学学报,2013,38(3):471-481.[Wu Xiuping,Wu Jinkui,Hou Dianjiong,et al.Characteristics and variability of Heinrich-2 event recorded by stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition in the western Loess Plateau[J].Earth Sciences-Journal of China University of Geosciences,2013,38(3):471-481.]
[21]袁娜.重庆羊口洞石笋记录的Heinrich事件[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.[Yuan Na.The Heinrich events during the period recorded by the stalagmites in Yangkou Cave,Chongqing[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2015.]
[22]Chen S,Wang Y,Cheng H,et al.Strong coupling of Asian Monsoon and Antarctic climates on sub-orbital timescales[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:32995.
[23]张富强,李苗发,曹奇,等.闽西仙云洞空间结构特征及其影响因素浅析[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2018,13(1):88-94.[Zhang Fuqiang,Li Miaofa,Cao Qi,et al.Spatial structure and influencing factors of the Xianyun Cave in western Fujian province[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2018,13(1):88-94.]
[24]Shen C C,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.Measurement of attogram quantities of231Pa in dissolved and particulate fractions of seawater by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectroscopy[J].Analytical Chemistry,2003,75(5):1075-1079.
[25]Yuan D X,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.Timing,duration,and transitions of the Last Interglacial Asian monsoon[J].Science,2004,304(5670):575-578.
[26]Zhang P Z,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.A test of climate,sun,and culture relationships from an 1810-year Chinese cave record[J].Science,2008,322(5903):940-942.
[27]Tan L C,Cai Y J,Cheng H,et al.Centennial-to decadal-scale monsoon precipitation variations in the upper Hanjiang River region,China over the past 6650 years[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2018,482:580-590.
[28]Pausata F S R,Battisti D S,Nisancioglu K H,et al.Chinese stalagmiteδ18O controlled by changes in the Indian monsoon during a simulated Heinrich event[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4(7):474-480.
[29]Maher B A.Holocene variability of the East Asian summer monsoon from Chinese cave records:a re-assessment[J].Holocene,2008,18(18):861-866.
[30]谭明.环流效应:中国季风区石笋氧同位素短尺度变化的气候意义-古气候记录与现代气候研究的一次对话[J].第四纪研究,2009,29(5):851-862.[Tan Ming.Circulation effect:climatic significance of the short term variability of the oxygen isotopes in stalagmites from monsoonal China-dialogue between paleoclimate records and modern climate research[J].Quaternary Sciences,2009,29(5):851-862.]
[31]程海,艾思本,王先锋,等.中国南方石笋氧同位素记录的重要意义[J].第四纪研究,2005,25(2):157-163.[Cheng Hai,Edwards R L,Wang Xianfeng,et al.Oxygen isotope records of stalagmites from southern China[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,25(2):157-163.]
[32]Cheng H,Edwards R L,Sinha A,et al.The Asian monsoon over the past 640,000 years and ice age terminations[J].Nature,2016,534(7609):640-646.
[33]Cheng H,Sinha A,Wang X F,et al.The Global Paleomonsoon as seen through speleothem records from Asia and the Americas[J].Climate Dynamics,2012,39(5):1045-1062.
[34]Liu Z Y,Wen X Y,Brady E C,et al.Chinese cave records and the East Asia Summer Monsoon[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2014,83:115-128.
[35]汪永进,吴江滢,刘殿兵,等.石笋记录的东亚季风气候H1事件突变性特征[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2002,32(3):227-233.[Wang Yongjin,Wu Jiangying,Liu Dianbing,et al.The characteristics of H1 event mutation of East Asian monsoon recorded by stalagmites[J].Science China(Seri.D):Earth Sciences,2002,32(3):227-233.]
[36]任小凤.豫西H1事件高分辨率气候变化的多指标石笋记录及洞穴监测研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2015.[Ren Xiaofeng.Ahigh-resolution climate changes during H1 event based on multiproxy stalagmite records and cave monitoring in western Henan,China[D].Chongqing:Southwest University,2015.]
[37]Ma Z B,Cheng H,Tan M,et al.Timing and structure of the Younger Dryas event in northern China[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2012,41:83-93.
[38]Liu D B,Wang Y L,Cheng H,et al.Centennial-scale Asian Monsoon variability during the mid-Younger Dryas from Qingtian Cave,central China[J].Quaternary Research,2013,80(2):199-206.
[39]王璐瑶,赵侃,黄伟,等.新仙女木事件内部百年尺度弱季风事件的龙腑宫洞石笋记录[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2017,40(1):134-143.[Wang Luyao,Zhao Kan,Huang Wei,et al.Centennial-scale monsoon failure during the Younger Dryas event record in a high-resolution stalagmite from Longfugong cave,central China[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2017,40(1):134-143.]
[40]Wang Y J,Cheng H,Edwards R L,et al.The Holocene Asian monsoon:links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate[J].Science,2005,308(5723):854-857.
[41]Hu C Y,Henderson G M,Huang J H,et al.Quantification of Holocene Asian monsoon rainfall from spatially separated cave records[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2008,266(3/4):221-232.
[42]姜修洋,李志忠,李金全,等.最近500年来福建玉华洞石笋氧同位素记录及气候意义[J].地理科学,2012,32(2):207-212.[Jiang Xiuyang,Li Zhizhong,Li Jinquan,et al.Stalagmiteδ18ORecord from Yuhua Cave over the past 500 Years and its regional climate significance[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2012,32(2):207-212.]
[43]杨勋林,陈发虎,袁道先,等.高分辨率石笋记录的三峡库区小冰期气候变化[J].地理科学,2013,33(5):629-634.[Yang Xunlin,Chen Fahu,Yuan Daoxian,et al.Climate change during Little Ice Age with high-resolution stalagmite record in the ThreeGorges Reservoir Area[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(5):629-634.]
[44]Lynch-Stieglitz J,Schmidt M W,Gene H L.Muted change in Atlantic overturning circulation over some glacial-aged Heinrich events[J].Nature Geoscience,2014,7(2):144-150.
[45]赵平,陈军明,肖栋,等.夏季亚洲-太平洋涛动与大气环流和季风降水[J].气象学报,2008,66(5):716-729.[Zhao Ping,Chen Junming,Xiao Dong,et al.Summer Asian-Pacific Oscillation and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and monsoon rainfall[J].Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2008,66(5):716-729.]
[46]Kanner L C,Burns S J,Cheng H,et al.High-latitude forcing of the South American summer monsoon during the Last Glacial[J].Science,2012,335(6068):570-573.
[47]Wang X F,Auler A S,Edwards R L,et al.Millennial-scale precipitation changes in southern Brazil over the past 90,000 years[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(23):L23701.