低温胁迫下Ca~(2+)对厌氧氨氧化污泥脱氮效能影响研究
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摘要
为了解决厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)污泥在低温下脱氮效能较低的问题,采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,通过投加不同浓度的Ca~(2+),考察低温胁迫下Ca~(2+)对ANAMMOX污泥脱氮效能及特性的影响。结果表明:低温胁迫下ANAMMOX污泥脱氮效能明显降低,当Ca~(2+)投加量为0mmol/L时,氨氮、亚硝态氮去除率分别降至50%、54%,UASB反应器的TN去除负荷最低为0.094kg/(m~3·d);投加一定Ca~(2+)对ANAMMOX反应有正面促进作用,在最佳Ca~(2+)投加量(0.04mmol/L)下,氨氮、亚硝态氮去除率可分别提高至65%、68%,TN去除负荷提高至接近0.200kg/(m~3·d),脱氮效能是未投加Ca~(2+)时的2倍左右,但Ca~(2+)投加量大于0.04mmol/L时,脱氮效能开始呈现下降趋势。投加Ca~(2+)可以增大污泥颗粒粒径,提高污泥的混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)、混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS)浓度,但对污泥活性的提升不明显。
In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of anaerobic ammonia oxidation(ANAMMOX)sludge at low temperature,upflow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB)reactor was used to investigate the effect of Ca~(2+) on nitrogen removal efficiency and characteristics of ANAMMOX sludge under low temperature stress by adding different concentrations of Ca~(2+) .The results showed that the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX sludge decreased significantly under low temperature stress,the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen decreased to 50% and 54% when Ca~(2+) dosage was 0 mmol/L,the TN removal load of UASB reactor was lowest at0.094 kg/(m~3·d),the addition of Ca~(2+) had a positive effect on the ANAMMOX reaction,the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen increased to 65% and 68%,the maximum removal load of TN reached nearly0.200 kg/(m~3·d)under the optimum Ca~(2+) dosage(0.04 mmol/L).The removal efficiency of nitrogen was about two times of that without adding Ca~(2+) .However,the denitrification efficiency begin to show a downward trend when Ca~(2+) dosage was more than 0.04 mmol/L.The addition of Ca~(2+) could increase the particle size,the mixed liquid suspended solids(MLSS)and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS)of sludge,but the improvement of sludge activity was not obvious.
In order to solve the problem of low efficiency of anaerobic ammonia oxidation(ANAMMOX)sludge at low temperature,upflow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB)reactor was used to investigate the effect of Ca~(2+) on nitrogen removal efficiency and characteristics of ANAMMOX sludge under low temperature stress by adding different concentrations of Ca~(2+) .The results showed that the nitrogen removal efficiency of ANAMMOX sludge decreased significantly under low temperature stress,the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen decreased to 50% and 54% when Ca~(2+) dosage was 0 mmol/L,the TN removal load of UASB reactor was lowest at0.094 kg/(m~3·d),the addition of Ca~(2+) had a positive effect on the ANAMMOX reaction,the removal rates of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen increased to 65% and 68%,the maximum removal load of TN reached nearly0.200 kg/(m~3·d)under the optimum Ca~(2+) dosage(0.04 mmol/L).The removal efficiency of nitrogen was about two times of that without adding Ca~(2+) .However,the denitrification efficiency begin to show a downward trend when Ca~(2+) dosage was more than 0.04 mmol/L.The addition of Ca~(2+) could increase the particle size,the mixed liquid suspended solids(MLSS)and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids(MLVSS)of sludge,but the improvement of sludge activity was not obvious.
引文
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[2]蒋应梯,庄晓伟,王衍彬.利用农作物秸秆开发生物能源和有机肥初探[J].生物质化学工程,2006,40(6):48-50.
[3]DE GRAAFF M S,TEMMINK H,ZEEMAN G,et al.Autotrophic nitrogen removal from black water:calcium addition as a requirement for settle ability[J].Water Research,2011,45(1):63-74.
[4]樊艳丽.钙离子对活性污泥系统脱氮效果及污泥特性的影响研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2014.
[5]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[6]张银会,王静,林于廉,等.基于激光粒度校正的活性污泥粒径分析方法[J].中国给水排水,2016,32(17):85-89.
[7]DISTA J,FERNANEDZ I,VAZQUEZ PADIN J R,et al.Shortand long-term effects of temperature on the ANAMMOXprocess[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2008,154(1/2/3):688-693.
[8]苏杨,于鹏飞,傅金祥,等.金属离子浓度对ANAMMOX污泥颗粒化的影响研究[J].工业水处理,2016,36(3):74-77.
[9]姬玉欣,诸美红,陈辉,等.高负荷厌氧氨氧化反应器的研究进展[J].化工进展,2013,32(8):1914-1920.
[10]XING B S,GUO Q,YANG G F,et al.The properties of anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX)granules:roles of ambient temperature,salinity and calcium concentration[J].Separation and Purification Technology,2015,147:311-318.
[11]ISMAIL S B,DE LA PARRA C J,TEMMINK H,et al.Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB)reactors operated under high salinity conditions[J].Water Research,2010,44(6):1909-1917.
[12]郑照明,刘常敬,郑林雪,等.不同粒径的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥脱氮性能研究[J].中国环境科学,2014,34(12):3078-3085.