Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金锻棒的织构及其对形状记忆性能的影响
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摘要
研究了Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金锻棒的组织、织构、形状恢复率和可恢复应变,分析了锻造织构的形成机制以及对形状记忆性能的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了微观组织,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和背散射电子衍射(EBSD)分析了织构,采用小管扩径恢复法获得了形状恢复率和可恢复应变。研究结果表明,Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金锻棒中的Ni Ti基体相沿轴向呈纤维状分布,纤维组织之间为β-Nb相,说明Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金经过锻造变形后,Ni Ti相和β-Nb相都产生了较大的塑性变形。Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金在锻造过程中主要形成了{111}<110>织构,即锻棒的轴向∥<111>方向、径向∥<110>方向。其形成机理可归结为Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金在锻造过程中受到径向压应力的作用,使滑移面不断向垂直压应力轴方向转动,而滑移方向逐渐趋向于流变方向。Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9合金在锻造过程中形成的{111}<110>织构使得在不同方向上进行扩径时获得的记忆性能存在差异,且当扩径方向∥<110>方向时比扩径方向∥<111>方向时获得的形状恢复率高3.52%,可恢复应变高0.62%。
The microstructure,texture,recovery rate and recovery strain of the Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 forged rods were studied.The formation mechanism of texture and its effect on shape memory properties were also discussed.Microstructure were observed through scanning electronic microscope(SEM),texture were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),recovery rate and recovery strain were tested by tube-expansion-recovery method.The results showed that Ni Ti matrix phase in the Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 forged rods distributed as fibers along the axial direction,whileβ-Nb phase existed between the fibrous microstructures,which indicated that both Ni Ti andβ-Nb phases had large plastic deformation after forging of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 alloy.The{111}<110>texture was mainly formed during the forging process of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 alloy,that was,the axial direction of forging rod was parallel to the<111>direction while the radial direction was parallel to<110>direction.The formation mechanism could be attributed to the fact that during the forging process,Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 alloy was subjected to radial compressive stress,so that the slip surface continuously rotated to the direction perpendicular to compressive stress axis and the slip direction tended to the rheological direction gradually.In addition,{111}<110>texture formed in the forging process of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 alloy could cause differences in shape memory properties when expanded in different directions.When the expanding direction paralleled to<110>direction,the recovery rate and recovery strain would be 3.52%and 0.62%higher than the case of paralleling to<111>direction respectively.
The microstructure,texture,recovery rate and recovery strain of the Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 forged rods were studied.The formation mechanism of texture and its effect on shape memory properties were also discussed.Microstructure were observed through scanning electronic microscope(SEM),texture were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD),recovery rate and recovery strain were tested by tube-expansion-recovery method.The results showed that Ni Ti matrix phase in the Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 forged rods distributed as fibers along the axial direction,whileβ-Nb phase existed between the fibrous microstructures,which indicated that both Ni Ti andβ-Nb phases had large plastic deformation after forging of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 alloy.The{111}<110>texture was mainly formed during the forging process of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 alloy,that was,the axial direction of forging rod was parallel to the<111>direction while the radial direction was parallel to<110>direction.The formation mechanism could be attributed to the fact that during the forging process,Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 alloy was subjected to radial compressive stress,so that the slip surface continuously rotated to the direction perpendicular to compressive stress axis and the slip direction tended to the rheological direction gradually.In addition,{111}<110>texture formed in the forging process of Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9 alloy could cause differences in shape memory properties when expanded in different directions.When the expanding direction paralleled to<110>direction,the recovery rate and recovery strain would be 3.52%and 0.62%higher than the case of paralleling to<111>direction respectively.
引文
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[12]Feng Z W.The Evolution of Shape Memory Alloy Deformation Texture and Its Effect on the Recovery Strain[D].Beijing:General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,2013.84.(冯昭伟.记忆合金加工织构的演变规律及其对恢复性能的影响研究[D].北京:有色金属研究总院,2013.84.)
[13]Zhou T J.Study on Influence of Preferred Orientation on Mechanical and Recoverable Properties of TN479Shape Memory Alloy Sheet[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2009.59.(周亭俊.择优取向对TN479形状记忆合金板材力学和恢复性能影响的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2009.59.)
[14]Wang Y H,Feng Z W,Mi X J,Wang J B,Yuan Z S,Liao W D,Zhou J.Texture,recovery strain and theoretical calculation of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy wire[J].Hot Working Technology,2014,43(24):106.(王永辉,冯昭伟,米绪军,王江波,袁志山,繆卫东,周瑾.Ni47Ti44Nb9合金丝材织构、记忆恢复应变及理论计算[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(24):106.)
[15]Hamilton R F,Lanba A,Ozbulut O E,Tittmann B R.Shape memory effect in cast versus deformation-processed Ni Ti Nb alloys[J].Shape Memory and Superelasticity,2015,1:117.
[16]Yang Y Z,Zhao X Q,Meng L J,Yang S L,Xu H B.Microstructure and transformation behavior of Ni-Ti-Nb shape memory alloys with low Nb content[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2005,41(6):627.(杨亚卓,赵新青,孟令杰,杨尚林,徐惠彬.低Nb含量Ni-Ti-Nb形状记忆合金的组织及相变特征[J].金属学报,2005,41(6):627.)
[17]Roohollah J.Unexpected cube texture in cold rolling of copper[J].Materials Letters,2017,202:111.
[18]Miyazaki S,Kimura S,Otsuka K,Suzuki Y.The habit plane and transformation strains associated with the martensitic transformation in Ti-Ni single crystals[J].Scripta Metallurgica,1984,18:883.
[19]Saburi T,Yoshida M,Nenno S.Deformation behavior of shape memory Ti-Ni alloy crystals[J].Scripta Metallurgica,1984,18(4):363.
[2]Wang L,Yan D S,Jiang Z M,Rong L J.Research and development of Ni-Ti-Nb shape memory alloy pipejoint with wide hysteresis[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2004,(7):60.(王磊,闫德胜,姜志民,戎利建.Ni-Ti-Nb宽滞后形状记忆合金管接头研究和进展[J].材料工程,2004,(7):60.)
[3]Feng Z W,Mi X J,Wang J B,Yuan Z S,Liao W D,Zhou J.Influence of rolling direction on texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9forged,hot-rolled and cold-rolled plates[J].Rare Metal Materials&Engineering,2013,42(11):2284.(冯昭伟,米绪军,王江波,袁志山,繆卫东,周瑾.轧制方向对Ni47Ti44Nb9锻造板,热轧板及冷轧板织构影响[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2013,42(11):2284.)
[4]Ni Z M,Wang E M,Hong Q H,Han J.Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Ni Ti Nb Alloy During ECAP[J].Hot Working Technology,2015,44(3):150.(倪志铭,王二敏,洪起虎,韩劲.Ni Ti Nb合金等径角挤压时的变形行为及微观组织演变规律研究[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(3):150.)
[5]Chen Q,Wang K L,Lu S Q,Li G F.Numerical simulation analysis onΦ10 mm Ni Ti Nb shape memory alloy pipe-coupling[J].Hot Working Technology,2017,46(2):74.(陈强,王克鲁,鲁世强,李贵发.Φ10 mm Ni Ti Nb形状记忆合金管接头数值模拟分析[J].热加工工艺,2017,46(2):74.)
[6]Yan Y,Jin W,Cao M Z.Microstructure,texture and phase transformation of Ni47Ti44Nb9shape memory alloy cold-rolled tube[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2008,44(2):139.(颜莹,金伟,曹名洲.Ni47Ti44Nb9形状记忆合金冷轧管材的组织、织构和相变[J].金属学报,2008,44(2):139.)
[7]Yan Y,Jin W.Influence of recrystallization on phase transformation and texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9shape memory alloy bar[J].Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2008,32(4):404.(颜莹,金伟.再结晶对Ni47Ti44Nb9形状记忆合金棒相变和织构的影响[J].稀有金属,2008,32(4):404.)
[8]Yan Y,Jin W,Zhou T J.Texture and its influence on tensile and recoverable properties of hot-rolled Ni47Ti44Nb9shape memory alloy sheet[J].Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2010,20(11):2148.(颜莹,金伟,周亭俊.热轧Ni47Ti44Nb9形状记忆合金板材的织构及其对拉伸和恢复性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2010,20(11):2148.)
[9]Li L X.Study on the Microstructure,Phase Transformation and Texture of Ni47Ti44Nb9Shape Memory Alloy Tubes[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2008.54.(李玲霞.Ni47Ti44Nb9形状记忆合金管材组织、相变与织构的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2008.54.)
[10]Yin X Q,Mi X J,Li Y F,Gao B D.Microstructure and properties of deformation processed polycrystalline Ni47Ti44Nb9shape memory alloy[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2012,21(12):2684.
[11]Yan Y,Jin W,Li X W.Texture development in the Ni47Ti44Nb9shape memory alloy during successive thermomechanical processing and its effect on shape memory and mechanical properties[J].Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A,2013,44(2):978.
[12]Feng Z W.The Evolution of Shape Memory Alloy Deformation Texture and Its Effect on the Recovery Strain[D].Beijing:General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals,2013.84.(冯昭伟.记忆合金加工织构的演变规律及其对恢复性能的影响研究[D].北京:有色金属研究总院,2013.84.)
[13]Zhou T J.Study on Influence of Preferred Orientation on Mechanical and Recoverable Properties of TN479Shape Memory Alloy Sheet[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2009.59.(周亭俊.择优取向对TN479形状记忆合金板材力学和恢复性能影响的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2009.59.)
[14]Wang Y H,Feng Z W,Mi X J,Wang J B,Yuan Z S,Liao W D,Zhou J.Texture,recovery strain and theoretical calculation of Ni47Ti44Nb9alloy wire[J].Hot Working Technology,2014,43(24):106.(王永辉,冯昭伟,米绪军,王江波,袁志山,繆卫东,周瑾.Ni47Ti44Nb9合金丝材织构、记忆恢复应变及理论计算[J].热加工工艺,2014,43(24):106.)
[15]Hamilton R F,Lanba A,Ozbulut O E,Tittmann B R.Shape memory effect in cast versus deformation-processed Ni Ti Nb alloys[J].Shape Memory and Superelasticity,2015,1:117.
[16]Yang Y Z,Zhao X Q,Meng L J,Yang S L,Xu H B.Microstructure and transformation behavior of Ni-Ti-Nb shape memory alloys with low Nb content[J].Acta Metallurgica Sinica,2005,41(6):627.(杨亚卓,赵新青,孟令杰,杨尚林,徐惠彬.低Nb含量Ni-Ti-Nb形状记忆合金的组织及相变特征[J].金属学报,2005,41(6):627.)
[17]Roohollah J.Unexpected cube texture in cold rolling of copper[J].Materials Letters,2017,202:111.
[18]Miyazaki S,Kimura S,Otsuka K,Suzuki Y.The habit plane and transformation strains associated with the martensitic transformation in Ti-Ni single crystals[J].Scripta Metallurgica,1984,18:883.
[19]Saburi T,Yoshida M,Nenno S.Deformation behavior of shape memory Ti-Ni alloy crystals[J].Scripta Metallurgica,1984,18(4):363.