茶园害虫匮乏期天敌与蚊虫的空间关系
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摘要
为了充分发挥中性昆虫蚊虫作为天敌的食饵替代物作用,科学地保护和利用自然天敌,2015年和2016年开展了合肥地区白毫早茶园和乌牛早茶园害虫匮乏时期(3—5月)的天敌与蚊虫之间的空间关系研究,运用地学统计学方法求得天敌和蚊虫各自的变程,用灰色关联度方法分析蚊虫与天敌变程的关联度,关联度值越大的天敌在空间上对蚊虫的跟随关系越密切。并分析茶树品种间及年度间天敌位次的变化。8种天敌中,白毫早茶园2015年与蚊虫空间跟随关系密切的前四位天敌是粽管巢蛛、八斑球腹蛛、三突花蟹蛛和茶色新圆蛛;2016年的是粽管巢蛛、茶色新圆蛛、锥腹肖蛸和三突花蟹蛛;两年间前四位天敌有3种相同,但位次不全相同。乌牛早茶园2015年与蚊虫空间跟随关系密切的前四位天敌是八斑球腹蛛、茶色新圆蛛、锥腹肖蛸和三突花蟹蛛;2016年的是三突花蟹蛛、粽管巢蛛、草间小黑蛛和茶色新圆蛛;两年间前四位天敌中有茶色新圆蛛和三突花蟹蛛2种相同。年度间天敌位次相异率为87.5%,茶树品种间天敌位次相异率为93.75%。按照天敌位次总和及按照天敌与蚊虫空间关系密切指数总和评判,两种茶园2015年和2016年3—5月份与蚊虫空间关系密切的前四位天敌均依次是粽管巢蛛、三突花蟹蛛、茶色新圆蛛和八斑球腹蛛。本文的结果为人为地促进优势种天敌建群,合理保护和利用自然天敌提供科学依据。
To use neutral insect predators to prey on Mosquitoes, scientific protection and utilization of natural predators was analyzed in 2015 and 2016 in the Hefei area "Baihaozao" and "Wuniuzao" tea garden over the pest period(3—5 months). Few studies have examined the relationship between the natural predators and mosquito habitats using geostatistics methods. Insect pests and natural predators in range were evaluated using the grey correlation method, which revealed a close relationship between natural predator and Mosquitoes habitats. Tea varieties and annual changes in the ranking were analyzed. Eight natural enemy predators in "Baihaozao" tea 2015 were closely related to mosquito, including Clubiona japonicola, Theridion octomaculatum, Misumenops tricuspidatus, and Neoscona theisi; in 2016 we detected C. japonicola, Neoscona theisi, Tetragnatha maxillosa, and M. tricuspidatus. Only three of the four natural enemies were the same, but their rankings differed. "Wuniuzao" tea in 2015 and Mosquito space for the four enemies included T. octomaculatum, Neoscona theisi, T. maxillosa, and M. tricuspidatus. In 2016, M. tricuspidatus, C. japonicola, Erigonidium graminicolum, and N. theisi were detected. In two years, only N. theisi and M. tricuspidatus showed the same natural enemy. The same year, natural enemies in the different tea varieties overlapped by 87.5% and the ranking of natural enemies was 93.75%. According to the rank sum and its relationship with natural enemies and enemies mosquito space index of two types of tea, in March to May 2015 and 2016, the habitat of the top four mosquito predators contained C. japonicola, M. tricuspidatus, N. theisi, and T. octomaculatum. The results of this study suggest the importance of artificially promoting the dominant natural enemy groups for reasonable protection and utilization of natural enemies.
To use neutral insect predators to prey on Mosquitoes, scientific protection and utilization of natural predators was analyzed in 2015 and 2016 in the Hefei area "Baihaozao" and "Wuniuzao" tea garden over the pest period(3—5 months). Few studies have examined the relationship between the natural predators and mosquito habitats using geostatistics methods. Insect pests and natural predators in range were evaluated using the grey correlation method, which revealed a close relationship between natural predator and Mosquitoes habitats. Tea varieties and annual changes in the ranking were analyzed. Eight natural enemy predators in "Baihaozao" tea 2015 were closely related to mosquito, including Clubiona japonicola, Theridion octomaculatum, Misumenops tricuspidatus, and Neoscona theisi; in 2016 we detected C. japonicola, Neoscona theisi, Tetragnatha maxillosa, and M. tricuspidatus. Only three of the four natural enemies were the same, but their rankings differed. "Wuniuzao" tea in 2015 and Mosquito space for the four enemies included T. octomaculatum, Neoscona theisi, T. maxillosa, and M. tricuspidatus. In 2016, M. tricuspidatus, C. japonicola, Erigonidium graminicolum, and N. theisi were detected. In two years, only N. theisi and M. tricuspidatus showed the same natural enemy. The same year, natural enemies in the different tea varieties overlapped by 87.5% and the ranking of natural enemies was 93.75%. According to the rank sum and its relationship with natural enemies and enemies mosquito space index of two types of tea, in March to May 2015 and 2016, the habitat of the top four mosquito predators contained C. japonicola, M. tricuspidatus, N. theisi, and T. octomaculatum. The results of this study suggest the importance of artificially promoting the dominant natural enemy groups for reasonable protection and utilization of natural enemies.
引文
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[13] 徐建祥,吴进才.综论稻田生态系中性昆虫的意义及其调控.生态学杂志,1999,18(5):41-44.
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[15] 邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990:33-84.
[2] 戈峰.现代生态学.北京:科学出版社,2002:213-231.
[3] 邹运鼎,王弘法.农林昆虫生态学.合肥:安徽科学技术出版社,1989:311-326.
[4] Cohen J E,Briand F,Newman C M.Community Food Webs.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag,1990.
[5] 吴进才,胡国文,唐健,束兆林,杨金生,万志农,任正才.稻田中性昆虫对群落食物网的调控作用.生态学报,1994,14(4):381-386.
[6] 吴进才,胡国文,唐健.稻田节肢动物群落营养物种的初步研究.农业科学集刊,1993,(1):234-238.
[7] 吴进才,郭玉杰,束兆林,杨金生.稻田节肢动物群落不同取样方法的比较.昆虫知识,1993,30(3):182-183.
[8] Settle W H,Ariawan H,Astuti E T,Cahyana W,Hakim A L,Hindayana D,Lestari A S.Managing tropical rice pests through conservation of generalist natural enemies and alternative prey.Ecology,1996,77(7):1975-1988.
[9] Reissig W H,Heinrichs E A,Litsinger J A,Moody K,Fiedler L,Mew T W,Barrion A T.Illustrated guide to integrated pest management in rice in tropical Asia.The Philippines:IRRI,Los Baňos,Laguna,1986:17-232.
[10] 郭玉杰,王念英,蒋金炜,陈俊炜,唐建.中性昆虫在稻田节肢动物群落中作为捕食者营养桥梁作用的研究.中国生物防治学报,1995,11(1):5-9.
[11] 胡金林.中国农林蜘蛛.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1984:1-3.
[12] 吴进才,徐建祥,程遐年.蚊幼对狼蛛的营养作用研究.生态学报,1997,17(3):292-297.
[13] 徐建祥,吴进才.综论稻田生态系中性昆虫的意义及其调控.生态学杂志,1999,18(5):41-44.
[14] 侯景儒,黄竞先.地质统计学的理论与方法.北京:地质出版社,1990:82-102.
[15] 邓聚龙.灰色系统理论教程.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1990:33-84.