不同种类杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治及安全性
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摘要
为探讨不同杀螨剂对壁蜂Osmia cornifrons蜂螨的防控作用,筛选了适合壁蜂定巢繁殖的巢管管口内径范围,并采用药液浸渍法比较了螺螨酯、炔螨特、联苯肼酯、四螨嗪、三唑锡5种杀螨剂对壁蜂蜂螨的防治效果及安全性。结果表明,壁蜂芦苇巢管管口内径在8.00~8.49 mm范围时最适合壁蜂定巢繁殖,巢室数量最多,为8.5个,显著高于其它管口内径范围下的巢室数。与空白对照相比,5种杀螨剂各剂量处理对芦苇巢管中壁蜂的巢室数均无显著影响,不同剂量的三唑锡和四螨嗪浸渍芦苇巢管均可有效控制芦苇巢管内蜂螨的为害,2种药剂各剂量处理对巢管中蜂螨的防治效果为97.22%~100.00%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为98.75%~100.00%,防治效果显著;而不同剂量的螺螨酯、炔螨特和联苯肼酯对芦苇巢管中蜂螨的防治效果较低,各剂量处理对巢管蜂螨的防治效果为39.81%~80.56%,对巢室蜂螨的防治效果为46.01%~83.82%。表明四螨嗪和三唑锡浸渍处理芦苇巢管可作为有效防治壁蜂蜂螨为害的安全施药手段。
To investigate the control effects of acaricides on mites associated with horned-face bee Osmia cornifrons, the appropriate inner diameter of honeycomb for the breeding of O. cornifron was screened, and the efficacy and safety of spirodiclofen, propargite, bifenazate, clofentezine and azocyclotin to O. cornifrons were investigated. The results showed that the best suitable inner diameter of honeycomb for the breeding of O. cornifrons was 8.00-8.49 mm, with the 8.5 cells per honeycomb, significantly better than the other inner diameters. Compared with the negative control, no significant differences were found in the number of honeycomb dipped with the five acaricides. Different treatments with azocyclotin and clofentezine had significant preventive effects on the mites, with a control efficacy of 97.22%-100.00% and 98.75%-100.00% to honeycombs and cells, respectively. On the contrary, the treatments with spirodiclofen, propargite and bifenazate had relatively low control effect on the mites,with a control efficacy of 39.81%-80.56% and 46.01%-83.82% against honeycombs and celsl, respectively. The results indicated that dipping honeycomb with azocyclotin and clofentezine had great application potential for controlling mites on O. cornifrons.
To investigate the control effects of acaricides on mites associated with horned-face bee Osmia cornifrons, the appropriate inner diameter of honeycomb for the breeding of O. cornifron was screened, and the efficacy and safety of spirodiclofen, propargite, bifenazate, clofentezine and azocyclotin to O. cornifrons were investigated. The results showed that the best suitable inner diameter of honeycomb for the breeding of O. cornifrons was 8.00-8.49 mm, with the 8.5 cells per honeycomb, significantly better than the other inner diameters. Compared with the negative control, no significant differences were found in the number of honeycomb dipped with the five acaricides. Different treatments with azocyclotin and clofentezine had significant preventive effects on the mites, with a control efficacy of 97.22%-100.00% and 98.75%-100.00% to honeycombs and cells, respectively. On the contrary, the treatments with spirodiclofen, propargite and bifenazate had relatively low control effect on the mites,with a control efficacy of 39.81%-80.56% and 46.01%-83.82% against honeycombs and celsl, respectively. The results indicated that dipping honeycomb with azocyclotin and clofentezine had great application potential for controlling mites on O. cornifrons.
引文
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Guo BS,Yang JM,Xu YB.2001.Problems and research advance of the pollination insects.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,14(4):102-108(in Chinese)[郭柏寿,杨继民,许育彬.2001.传粉昆虫的研究现状及存在的问题.西南农业学报,14(4):102-108]
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Ji CH,Dai RG.2009.Progress on control technique of bee mites.Progress in Veterinary Medicine,30(10):94-97(in Chinese)[姬聪慧,戴荣国.2009.蜂螨防控技术研究进展.动物医学进展,30(10):94-97]
Klimov PB,Oconnor BM.2008.Morphology,evolution,and host associations of bee-associated mites of the family Chaetodactylidae(Acari:Astigmata),with a monographic revision of North American taxa.Miscellaneous Publications,Museum of Zoology,University of Michigan,199:1-243
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Lipinski Z,Szubstarski J.2007.Resistance of Varroa destructor to most commonly used synthetic acaricides.Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,10(4):289-294
Liu YG,Li XL,Jin TW,Chen GJ,Cai YQ.2009.Efficacy of propargite plus abamectin 56%EC against Panonychus citri Mc Gregor in field experiments.South China Fruits,38(4):75-76(in Chinese)[刘又高,厉晓腊,金轶伟,陈官菊,柴一秋.2009.56%阿维菌素·炔螨特乳油防治桔全爪螨药效试验.中国南方果树,38(4):75-76]
Luo QH,Zhou T,Wang Q,Dai PL,Wu YY.2010.Advances in research on classification and major species of bee mites.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,43(3):585-593(in Chinese)[罗其花,周婷,王强,代平礼,吴艳艳.2010.蜂螨的种类及蜜蜂主要害螨研究进展.中国农业科学,43(3):585-593]
Ochiai N,Mizuno M,Mimori N,Miyake T,Dekeyser M,Canlas LJ,Takeda M.2007.Toxicity of bifenazate and its principal active metabolite,diazene,to Tetranychus urticae and Panonychus citri and their relative toxicity to the predaceous mites,Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus.Experimental&Applied Acarology,43(3):181-197
Qu DC,Qiu JY,Maeta Y.2010.Biological character of Tortonia sp.Genomics and Applied Biology,29(3):495-500(in Chinese)[屈达才,邱婧芸,前田泰生.2010.日本托特螨的生物学特性.基因组学与应用生物学,29(3):495-500]
Rosenkranz P,Pia A,Bettina Z.2010.Biology and control of Varroa destructor.Journal of Invertebrate Pathology,103(2010):96-119
Sammataro D,Gerson U,Needham G.2000.Parasitic mites of honey bee:life history,implications,and impact.Annual Review of Entomology,45(1):519-548
Shen JS,Wu WQ,Song HL,Ma WH,Shao YQ.2015.The study of pollinating insects and their flower-visiting behavior on Malus pumila Mill.Natural Enemies of Insects,37(4):720-725(in Chinese)[申晋山,武文卿,宋怀磊,马卫华,邵有全.2015.苹果传粉昆虫种类及其访花习性的研究.环境昆虫学报,37(4):720-725]
Steinhauer NA,Rennich K,Wilson ME,Caron DM,Engerich EJ,Pettis JS,Rose R,Skinner JA,Tarpy DR,Wilker JT,et al.2014.A national survey of managed honey bee 2012-2013 annual colony losses in the USA:results from the Bee Informed Partnership.Journal of Apicultural Research,53(1):1-18
Su XL,Hua QY,Zhao DX,Fei ZH,Zheng HQ.2016.The effect of essential oils of truestar anisetree against mites in honeybee colonies.Journal of Environmental Entomology,38(6):1251-1255(in Chinese)[苏晓玲,华启云,赵东绪,费中华,郑火青.2016.八角茴香精油防治蜂螨的蜂群效果研究.环境昆虫学报,38(6):1251-1255]
Tian HZ,Zhao RJ,Du JY,He SW,Shi J,Li M.1993.Research on function characteristic and optimum control period of clofentezine.Pesticides,32(3):13-14(in Chinese)[田惠芝,赵日瑾,杜景元,何淑文,史记,李鸣.1993.四螨嗪的作用特点和使用适期研究.农药,32(3):13-14]
Wang DS,Zhang JY,Li XT,Zhou XZ,Li JY,Li JS,Huang YD,Pu WX,Wei XJ,Zhang M.2005.Study of effect of Chinese herbal medicine on bee acaricide.Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,(3):14-16(in Chinese)[王东升,张继瑜,李旭涛,周绪正,李剑勇,李金善,黄有德,蒲万霞,魏小娟,张梅.2005.抗蜂螨中草药的药效研究.中兽医医药杂志,(3):14-16]
Wei SG,Zhao LY.1995.The cautions in application of Osmia pollination to the fruit trees.Northern Fruits,(2):15-16(in Chinese)[魏枢阁,赵兰英.1995.利用壁蜂为果树授粉应注意的问题.北方果树,(2):15-16]
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