中国扶贫机制的理论与实践框架
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摘要
贫困问题是世界性的问题,减轻消除贫困是世界各国都要面临的问题,扶贫在中国的实践开展广泛,但缺乏一个系统化的扶贫机制。在文献分析的基础上,结合中国现阶段常见的七类扶贫实践,总结其特点与不足并建立扶贫机制框架,包括扶贫目标、扶贫参与者(包括扶贫的引导发起者与扶贫的对象)、扶贫的具体方式、扶贫监督与评估追溯。中国扶贫工作取得了巨大成就,但是在扶贫精准度、扶贫效率和扶贫评估方面仍存在问题,需要进一步完善扶贫制度和改进扶贫措施,在实践中丰富扶贫机制理论。
Poverty is a worldwide problem, and poverty eradication is a problem that all countries have to face in the world. The practice of poverty alleviation is extensive in China, but there is a lack of a systematic poverty alleviation mechanism. On the basis of literature analysis, the authors combined with the seven common types of poverty alleviation practices in China at present, then summarized their characteristics and shortcomings and established a framework for poverty alleviation mechanisms, including poverty alleviation goals, poverty alleviation participants(including poverty alleviation guides and poverty alleviation targets),poverty alleviation specific methods, and poverty alleviation supervision and evaluation traceability. China's poverty alleviation work has made great achievements, but there still exists some problems in poverty alleviation accuracy, poverty alleviation efficiency and poverty alleviation assessment. It is necessary to improve poverty alleviation systems and measures, and enrich the theory of poverty alleviation mechanism in practice.
Poverty is a worldwide problem, and poverty eradication is a problem that all countries have to face in the world. The practice of poverty alleviation is extensive in China, but there is a lack of a systematic poverty alleviation mechanism. On the basis of literature analysis, the authors combined with the seven common types of poverty alleviation practices in China at present, then summarized their characteristics and shortcomings and established a framework for poverty alleviation mechanisms, including poverty alleviation goals, poverty alleviation participants(including poverty alleviation guides and poverty alleviation targets),poverty alleviation specific methods, and poverty alleviation supervision and evaluation traceability. China's poverty alleviation work has made great achievements, but there still exists some problems in poverty alleviation accuracy, poverty alleviation efficiency and poverty alleviation assessment. It is necessary to improve poverty alleviation systems and measures, and enrich the theory of poverty alleviation mechanism in practice.
引文
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[16]王学权.“十三五”时期扶贫新模式:实施精准扶贫[J].经济研究参考,2016(7):70-79.
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[23]曾恒贵,谢仪柏.广昌县:密织健康扶贫“保障网”[J].老区建设,2018(13):66.
[24]史鉴,刘亮亮.陕西省志丹县:争做交通扶贫的先行者[J].人民交通,2017(10):60-61.
[25]仲德涛.脱贫攻坚进程中的金融扶贫研究[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2018,32(6):61-67.
[26]鲁建彪.关于民族贫困地区扶贫路径选择的理性思考[J].经济问题探索,2011(5):150-154.
[27]王得福,王岩,李爱宗.实施易地扶贫搬迁工程破解贫困地区发展难题[J].发展,2013(11):62-64.
[28]焦晶.当前扶贫工作中精准识别的问题与对策研究[J].统计与管理,2016(12):92-93.
[29]黄昕欣.精准扶贫工作存在的问题及建议[J].农村经济与科技,2017,28(2):209-210.
[30]陈晓兰,沙万强,贺立龙.当前扶贫开发工作面临的问题及政策建议---来自四川省广元市苍溪县的调查报告[J].农村经济,2016(1):26-31.
[31]王世恒,朱家玮,杨茹茹.马克思主义反贫困理论与习近平脱贫攻坚思想研究[J].重庆三峡学院学报,2018,34(5):30-37.
[32]陈昕.反贫困理论与政策研究综述[J].价值工程,2010,29(28):256-256.
[33]Sen A K.Commodities and capabilities:Professor Dr.P.Hennipman lectures in economics,1982 delivered at the University of Amsterdam[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987.
[34]闫坤.中国特色的反贫困理论与实践研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016.
[2]世界银行.1990年世界发展报告:贫困问题.社会发展指标[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1990.
[3]胡鞍钢,李春波.新世纪的新贫困:知识贫困[C]//国情报告,2012.
[4]陈宗胜,沈扬扬,周云波.中国农村贫困状况的绝对与相对变动---兼论相对贫困线的设定[J].管理世界,2013(1):67-77.
[5]Ravallion M.Poverty comparisons[M].London:Routledge,2017.
[6]亦冬.关于当代国际贫困问题综述[J].国际研究参考,1999(2):11-12.
[7]World Bank.Agriculture for Development:World Development Report 2008[EB/OL].(2007-10-09)[2018-10-20]http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTRESEARCH/EXTWDRS/0,,content MDK:23062293~page PK:478093~pi PK:477627~the Site PK:477624,00.html.
[8]Kassie M,Shiferaw B,Muricho G.Agricultural technology,crop income,and poverty alleviation in Uganda[J].World Development,2011,39(10):1784-1795.
[9]Cooney K,Williams Shanks T R.New approaches to old problems:Market-based strategies for poverty alleviation[J].Social Service Review,2010,84(1):29-55.
[10]Ruben R.Nonfarm employment and poverty alleviation of rural farm households in Honduras[J].World Development,2001,29(3):549-560.
[11]Hussain I,Hanjra M A.Irrigation and poverty alleviation:review of the empirical evidence[J].Irrigation and drainage,2004,53(1):1-15.
[12]Sunderlin W D,Dewi S,Puntodewo A,et al..Why forests are important for global poverty alleviation:a spatial explanation[J].Ecology and society,2008,13(2):24.
[13]Shackleton C M,Shackleton S E,Buiten E,et al..The importance of dry woodlands and forests in rural livelihoods and poverty alleviation in South Africa[J].Forest Policy and Economics,2007,9(5):558-577.
[14]Islam T.Microcredit and poverty alleviation[M].London:Routledge,2016.
[15]桑文博.中国扶贫工作研究[J].合作经济与科技,2017(14):184-185.
[16]王学权.“十三五”时期扶贫新模式:实施精准扶贫[J].经济研究参考,2016(7):70-79.
[17]牛震.一把小米成就脱贫事业---河北省蔚县小米产业扶贫的调查与思考[J].农村工作通讯,2017(22):36-38.
[18]杨刚,南国强.西吉县震湖乡黑山羊产业精准扶贫模式探讨[J].中国畜禽种业,2018(1):6-7.
[19]张红艳.乡村战略振兴背景下乡村旅游发展路径探索---以湘西十八洞村为例[J].农业经济,2018(9):53-55.
[20]檀学文.中国教育扶贫:进展、经验与政策再建构[J].社会发展研究,2018,5(3):223-241,246.
[21]孙永红.《以内涵建设引领中等职业教育持续协调发展的意见》解读[J].贵州教育,2016(17):3-5.
[22]张怡青,王高玲.系统论视角下健康扶贫长效机制的构建---基于制度层面的分析[J].卫生软科学,2018,32(9):28-32.
[23]曾恒贵,谢仪柏.广昌县:密织健康扶贫“保障网”[J].老区建设,2018(13):66.
[24]史鉴,刘亮亮.陕西省志丹县:争做交通扶贫的先行者[J].人民交通,2017(10):60-61.
[25]仲德涛.脱贫攻坚进程中的金融扶贫研究[J].重庆理工大学学报(社会科学),2018,32(6):61-67.
[26]鲁建彪.关于民族贫困地区扶贫路径选择的理性思考[J].经济问题探索,2011(5):150-154.
[27]王得福,王岩,李爱宗.实施易地扶贫搬迁工程破解贫困地区发展难题[J].发展,2013(11):62-64.
[28]焦晶.当前扶贫工作中精准识别的问题与对策研究[J].统计与管理,2016(12):92-93.
[29]黄昕欣.精准扶贫工作存在的问题及建议[J].农村经济与科技,2017,28(2):209-210.
[30]陈晓兰,沙万强,贺立龙.当前扶贫开发工作面临的问题及政策建议---来自四川省广元市苍溪县的调查报告[J].农村经济,2016(1):26-31.
[31]王世恒,朱家玮,杨茹茹.马克思主义反贫困理论与习近平脱贫攻坚思想研究[J].重庆三峡学院学报,2018,34(5):30-37.
[32]陈昕.反贫困理论与政策研究综述[J].价值工程,2010,29(28):256-256.
[33]Sen A K.Commodities and capabilities:Professor Dr.P.Hennipman lectures in economics,1982 delivered at the University of Amsterdam[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1987.
[34]闫坤.中国特色的反贫困理论与实践研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016.