变压器可听声信号特征分析
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摘要
振动与可听声的变压器诊断技术凭借与被监测设备无电气连接、抗干扰能力强和灵敏度高等优点成为研究热点。针对变压器可听声信号特征,分析了变压器可听声产生机理及其影响因素。运用分层阈值消噪法对信号进行消噪,采用快速傅里叶变换和小波分解法对不同运行年限、不同电压等级、不同采集位置、不同负载率情况下的在运变压器可听声信号进行分析,得到信号的频谱和小波能量特征向量。结果表明,理论上变压器可听声信号主频为100 Hz,并存在200 Hz、300 Hz等高次谐波分量。但是,随着变压器运行年限、电压等级的升高,主频增大为200 Hz,高次谐波占比及高频段能量特征值增大,信号频谱与能量特征值受采集位置影响,检测时应根据变压器结构等实际情况选取合适的采集位置。
Transformer diagnostic technology based on vibration and audible sound has become a research hot topic by virtue of its advantages of no electrical connection with the monitored equipment,strong anti-interference ability and high sensitivity. In this paper,in order to analyze the characteristics of the audible acoustic signal of the transformer,the mechanism of the audible audible generation of the transformer is analyzed theoretically. The fast Fourier transform and wavelet decomposition method are used to analyze the audible acoustic signals of transformers under different operating periods,different voltage levels,different acquisition positions and different load rates. The frequency spectral and wavelet energy eigenvectors of the signals are obtained. The results show that the main frequency of the audible signal is 100 Hz,and there are 200 Hz,300 Hz and other high Sub-harmonic components; but with the increase of transformer operating life and voltage level,the main frequency increased to 200 Hz,the high Sub-harmonic ratio and high-frequency energy characteristic value increased; The signal spectrum and energy characteristic value are affected by the acquisition position,and the appropriate collection position should be selected according to the actual situation of the transformer structure.
Transformer diagnostic technology based on vibration and audible sound has become a research hot topic by virtue of its advantages of no electrical connection with the monitored equipment,strong anti-interference ability and high sensitivity. In this paper,in order to analyze the characteristics of the audible acoustic signal of the transformer,the mechanism of the audible audible generation of the transformer is analyzed theoretically. The fast Fourier transform and wavelet decomposition method are used to analyze the audible acoustic signals of transformers under different operating periods,different voltage levels,different acquisition positions and different load rates. The frequency spectral and wavelet energy eigenvectors of the signals are obtained. The results show that the main frequency of the audible signal is 100 Hz,and there are 200 Hz,300 Hz and other high Sub-harmonic components; but with the increase of transformer operating life and voltage level,the main frequency increased to 200 Hz,the high Sub-harmonic ratio and high-frequency energy characteristic value increased; The signal spectrum and energy characteristic value are affected by the acquisition position,and the appropriate collection position should be selected according to the actual situation of the transformer structure.
引文
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[18]李德波,李冰阳,刘耀云,等.电力变压器振动噪声的多物理场耦合分析[J].广东电力,2017,30(6):115-119.LI Debo,LI Bingyang,LIU Yaoyun,et al.Multi-physical Field Coupling Analysis on Vibration Noise of Power Transformer[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(6):115-119.
[2]严莉,王维建,周东华.变压器故障诊断的油色谱分析综述[J].控制工程,2003,10(6):489-491.YAN Li,WANG Weijian,ZHOU Donghua.A survey on oil chromatogram analysis for fault diagnosis of transformers[J].Control Engineering of China,2003,10(6):489-491.
[3]汲胜昌,何义,李彦明,等.电力变压器空载状况下的振动特性研究[J].高电压技术,2001,27(5):47-48.JI Shengchang,HE Yi,LI Yanming,et al.Study on the vibration of transformer under no load condition[J].High Voltage Engineering,2001,27(5):47-48.
[4]马宏忠,弓杰伟,李凯,等.基于ANSYS Workbench的变压器绕组松动分析及判定方法[J].高电压技术,2016,42(1):192-199.MA Hongzhong,GONG Jiewei,LI Kai,et al.Analysis and determination method for transformer winding looseness based on ANSYS workbench[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(1):192-199.
[5]GARCLA B,BURSOS J.C.,ALONSO A.M.Transformer tank vibration modeling as a method of detecting winding deformations-part I:theoretical foundation[J].Electric Power Systems Research,2005,74:129-138.
[6]梁国荣,谷爱昱,沈训欢.基于噪声源估计的电机故障诊断研究[J].防爆电机,2013,48(04):32-39.LIANG Guorong,Gu Aiyu,Shen Xunhuan.Research on motor fault diagnosis based on noise source estimation[J].Explosion Proof Electric Machine,2013,48(04):32-39.
[7]吴松.基于声学特征的变压器故障诊断研究[D].湖北:华中科技大学,2012.
[8]潘亮亮,赵书涛,李宝树.基于声波信号分析的电气设备故障诊断新方法[J].电力自动化设备,2009,29(08):87-90PAN Liangliang,ZHAO Shutao,LI Baoshu.Electrical equipment fault diagnosis based on acoustic wave signal analysis[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2009,29(08):87-90.
[9]BARTOLETTI C,DESIDERIO M,DI CARLO D,et al.Vibro-acoustic techniques to diagnose power transformers[J].Power Delivery,IEEETransactions on,2004,19(1):221-229.
[10]潘庆庆,赵书涛,潘亮亮.基于声波处理的变压器故障诊断与状态发展趋势预测[J].变压器,2009;46(2):62-66.PAN Qingqing,ZHAO Shutao.Transformer fault diagnosis and trend prediction based on acoustic processing[J].Tansformer.2009,46(2):62-66.
[11]闫佳文.基于声波分析的变压器状态监测系统[D].河北:华北电力大学(保定),2006.
[12]AGUIAR P R,SERNI P J A,BIANCHI E C,et al.In-process grinding monitoring by acoustic emission:Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,2004.Proceedings(ICASSP'04).IEEEInternational Conference on,2004[C].17-21 May 2004.
[13]符劲松.基于可听声的变压器内部火花放电故障诊断研究[D].湖北:华中科技大学,2013.
[14]潘亮亮.基于声波识别的变压器状态诊断系统开发[D].北京:华北电力大学,2007.
[15]杜一明.基于声信号的变压器故障诊断系统研究[D].湖北:华中科技大学,2013.
[16]林爱弟.变压器绕组振动特征提取及其状态识别方法研究[D].杭州:浙江大学.2014
[17]靳斌,刘波,李俊文.远程切换变压器有载分接开关装置研制[J].贵州电力技术,2017(1):31-32.JIN Bin,LIU Bo,LI Junwen.Development of on-load tap-changer for remote switching transformer[J].Guizhou Electric Power Technology,2017(1):31-32.
[18]李德波,李冰阳,刘耀云,等.电力变压器振动噪声的多物理场耦合分析[J].广东电力,2017,30(6):115-119.LI Debo,LI Bingyang,LIU Yaoyun,et al.Multi-physical Field Coupling Analysis on Vibration Noise of Power Transformer[J].Guangdong Electric Power,2017,30(6):115-119.