PARAFAC和FRI解析ISI中DOM分布
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摘要
利用平行因子分析(PARAFAC)和荧光区域积分(FRI)的方法解析三维荧光光谱(3D-EEMs),结合主成分分析、相关性分析、聚类分析和多元线性回归分析,研究了曝气预处理改良土壤渗滤系统(ISI)处理生活污水时溶解性有机物(DOM)的垂直分布特征.根据FRI分析,ISI中DOM可以分为5个荧光区域,包括3个类蛋白物质区域(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ)和2个类腐殖质物质区域(Ⅲ、Ⅴ).沿着垂直方向向下,ISI中DOM有溶出的现象,导致总荧光区域积分体积(TOT)与TN、TP、NH_4~+-N、COD、TOC等都呈现显著负相关的关系,而与EC呈现显著正相关关系,其中荧光区域Ⅴ与NO_3~--N浓度呈显著正相关的关系,氮素去除与DOM组成之间关系密切.通过进一步做PARAFAC分析表明,可以从DOM中识别出四种荧光组分,分别为C1类富里酸类物质和C2、C3、C4类蛋白类物质.荧光组分浓度得分值F_(max)表明,ISI对物质降解由易到难依次为C2>C4>C1、C3,即类酪氨酸最易降解,其次为类色氨酸类物质和类富里酸类物质.根据多元线性回归分析,可以用F_(max)间接表征TN、TP和COD等水质指标的浓度.
It was studied direct distribution characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in the treatment of domestic sewage by aeration pretreatment of improved soil infiltration system using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy(3 D-EEMs) based on parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) and fluorescence regional integration(FRI), combined with principal component analysis,correlation analysis, cluster analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis. According to FRI, DOM in soil infiltration system could be divided into five fluorescent regions, including three protein-like regions(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ) and two humus-like regions(Ⅲ、Ⅴ).Along the vertical direction downward, DOM dissolution in soil infiltration system leaded to a significant negative correlation between TOT and TN, TP, NH_4~+-N, COD, TOC and a significant positive correlation with EC, in which fluorescence region Ⅴ had a significant positive correlation with NO_3~--N concentration and nitrogen removal. It was closely related to the composition of DOM.Four fluorescent components could be extracted from DOM species by PARAFAC, namely C1 type fulvic acid and C2, C3, C4 type protein. F_(max) showed that the degradation order of soil infiltration system was C2 > C4 > C1, C3. It meant that tyrosine was the most easily degraded, followed by tryptophan-like substances and fulvic acid-like substances. Results from our multivariate linear regression analysis suggested that the concentration of water quality indicators such as TN, TP and COD could be indirectly expressed by F_(max).
It was studied direct distribution characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in the treatment of domestic sewage by aeration pretreatment of improved soil infiltration system using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy(3 D-EEMs) based on parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC) and fluorescence regional integration(FRI), combined with principal component analysis,correlation analysis, cluster analysis and multivariate linear regression analysis. According to FRI, DOM in soil infiltration system could be divided into five fluorescent regions, including three protein-like regions(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ) and two humus-like regions(Ⅲ、Ⅴ).Along the vertical direction downward, DOM dissolution in soil infiltration system leaded to a significant negative correlation between TOT and TN, TP, NH_4~+-N, COD, TOC and a significant positive correlation with EC, in which fluorescence region Ⅴ had a significant positive correlation with NO_3~--N concentration and nitrogen removal. It was closely related to the composition of DOM.Four fluorescent components could be extracted from DOM species by PARAFAC, namely C1 type fulvic acid and C2, C3, C4 type protein. F_(max) showed that the degradation order of soil infiltration system was C2 > C4 > C1, C3. It meant that tyrosine was the most easily degraded, followed by tryptophan-like substances and fulvic acid-like substances. Results from our multivariate linear regression analysis suggested that the concentration of water quality indicators such as TN, TP and COD could be indirectly expressed by F_(max).
引文
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[14] Salve P R, Lohkare H, Gobre T, et al. Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDDM)in rainwater using fluorescence spectrophotometry[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012,88(2):215-218.
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[16] He X S, Xi B D, Wei Z M, et al. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy with regional integration analysis for characterizing composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011,190(1-3):293-299.
[17] Ohno T. Fluorescence inner-filtering correction for determining the humification index of dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2002,36(4):742-746.
[18]周倩倩,苏荣国,门莹,等.舟山渔场有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的三维荧光一平行因子分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):163-171.Zhou Q Q, Su R G, Bai Y, et al. Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in Zhoushan fishery using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy(EEMs)and parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC)[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,36(1):163-171.
[2] Leenheer J A, Croue J P. Characterizing aquatic dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(1):18A-26A.
[3]相坤,杨艳玲,李星,等.氯胺及其与二氧化氯联用对原水管道溶解性有机物降解的影响[J].化工学报,2015,66(6):2262-2267.Xiang K, Yang Y L, Li X, et al. Effect of chloramine and its combination with chlorine dioxide on degradation of dissolved organic matter in raw water distribution system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2015,66(6):2262-2267.
[4]周业凯,陈卫,陶辉,等.太湖水源水中溶解性有机物特性分析[J].中国给水排水,2017,33(5):46-49.Zhou Y K, Chen W, Tao H, et al. Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in source water of Taihu lake[J]. China water&wastewater,2017,33(5):46-49.
[5]冯伟莹,朱元荣,吴丰昌,等.太湖水体溶解性有机质荧光特征及其来源解析[J].环境科学学报,2016,36(2):475-482.Feng W Y, Zhu Y R, Wu F C, et al. The fluorescent characteristics and sources of dissolved organic matter in water of Tai Lake, China[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016,36(2):475-482.
[6]吕晶晶,张列宇,席北斗,等.人工湿地中水溶,性有机物三维荧光光谱特性的分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2015,35(8):2212-2216.Lv J J, Zhang L Y, Xi B D, et al. Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectra characteristics of DOM in a combined constructed wetland[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2015,35(8):2212-2216.
[7]王丽君,刘玉忠,张列宇,等.地下土壤渗滤系统中溶解性有机物组成及变化规律研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2013,33(8):2123-2127.Wang L J, Liu Y Z, Zhang L Y, et al.Characterizing composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter in subsurface wastewater infiltration system[J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2013,33(8):2123-2127.
[8] Stedmon C A, Bro R. Characterizing dissolved organic matter fluorescence with parallel factor analysis:a tutorial[J]. Limnology and Oceanography Methods, 2008,6:572-579.
[9]王丽君,刘玉忠,张列宇,等.深型地下土壤渗滤系统中氮的去除途径[J].环境工程学报,2013,7(11):4214-4218.Wang L J, Liu Y Z, Zhang L Y, et al. Nitrogen removal way in deep subsurface wastewater infiltration system[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2013,7(11):4214-4218.
[10] Chen W, Westerhoff P, Leenheer J A, et al. Fluorescence excitationEmission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2003,37(24):5701-5710.
[11] Mckinght D M, Boyer E W, Westerhoff P K, et al. Spectrofluorometric characterization of dissolved organic matter for indication of precursor organic material and aromaticity[J]. Limnology Oceanography, 2001,46:38-48.
[12] Kowalczuk P, Ston-Egiert J, Cooper W J, et al. Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in the Baltic Sea by excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy[J]. Marine Chemistry, 2005,96(3/4):273-292.
[13]高洁,江韬,李璐璐,等.三峡库区消落带土壤中溶解性有机质(DOM)吸收及荧光光谱特征[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):151-161.Gao J, Jiang T, Li L L, et al. Ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)and fluorescence spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM)in soils of water-level fluctuation zones of the three gorges reservoir region[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,36(1):151-161.
[14] Salve P R, Lohkare H, Gobre T, et al. Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDDM)in rainwater using fluorescence spectrophotometry[J]. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2012,88(2):215-218.
[15]何小松,席北斗,张鹏,等.地下水中溶解性有机物的季节变化特征及成因[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(3):862-870.He X S, Xi B D, Zhang P, et al. The seasonal distribution characteristics and its reasons of dissolved organic matter in groundwater[J]. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(3):862-870.
[16] He X S, Xi B D, Wei Z M, et al. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy with regional integration analysis for characterizing composition and transformation of dissolved organic matter in landfill leachates[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011,190(1-3):293-299.
[17] Ohno T. Fluorescence inner-filtering correction for determining the humification index of dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2002,36(4):742-746.
[18]周倩倩,苏荣国,门莹,等.舟山渔场有色溶解有机物(CDOM)的三维荧光一平行因子分析[J].环境科学,2015,36(1):163-171.Zhou Q Q, Su R G, Bai Y, et al. Characterization of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in Zhoushan fishery using excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy(EEMs)and parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC)[J]. Environmental Science, 2015,36(1):163-171.