两种除草剂对水葫芦和大薸的防除效果
|
摘要
采用枯叶指数、枯柄指数、新根抑制、鲜重防效等指标,评价480g/L灭草松水剂和10%硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂对水葫芦及大薸的防除效果。盆栽毒力测定结果表明,10%硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂对水葫芦和大薸新根有很好的抑制作用,药后10d,LC50分别为14.22和7.21mg/L;480g/L灭草松水剂对水葫芦和大薸鲜重的毒力较强,药后10d,LC50分别为548.22和3.49mg/L;药后20d,LC50分别为53.28和3.31mg/L;而2种除草剂对水葫芦叶片、叶柄和大薸的叶片毒力均较低,其中480g/L灭草松水剂对水葫芦叶片和叶柄毒力优于10%硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂,药后30dLC50分别为94.40和93.43mg/L;对大薸叶片毒力较强的是10%硝磺草酮可分散油悬浮剂,药后20dLC50为165.07 mg/L,在实际应用中,为提高防治效果,可适当提高剂量或进行混配处理。
The control effect of water hyacinth and water lettuce by 10% mesotrione dispersed oil suspensions and480 g/L bentazone aqueous solution were evaluated by withering leaf index,withering petiole index,and the inhibition to new roots and fresh weight.The result showed that mesotrione 10% OD showed high toxicity to both water hyacinth root and water lettuce root,with the LC_(50) values of 14.22 mg/L and 7.21 mg/L after 10 d treatment,respectively.Bentazone 480 g/L AS has relative high toxicity to fresh weight of water hyacinth and water lettuce,with the LC_(50) values of 548.22 and 3.49 mg/L after 10 d treatment and 53.28 and 3.31 mg/L after 20 d treatment,respectively.However,the toxicity of the two herbicides was relatively low to leaf and petiole.Bentazone480 g/L AS had a higher toxicity to leaf and petiole of water hyacinth than mesotrione 10% OD,with the LC_(50) values of 94.40 and 93.43 mg/L,respectively,while mesotrione 10% OD had a higher toxicity to leaf of water lettuce,with the LC50 value of 165.07 mg/L.In practical application,in order to improve the control effect,the dosage can be appropriately increased or mixed with each other.
The control effect of water hyacinth and water lettuce by 10% mesotrione dispersed oil suspensions and480 g/L bentazone aqueous solution were evaluated by withering leaf index,withering petiole index,and the inhibition to new roots and fresh weight.The result showed that mesotrione 10% OD showed high toxicity to both water hyacinth root and water lettuce root,with the LC_(50) values of 14.22 mg/L and 7.21 mg/L after 10 d treatment,respectively.Bentazone 480 g/L AS has relative high toxicity to fresh weight of water hyacinth and water lettuce,with the LC_(50) values of 548.22 and 3.49 mg/L after 10 d treatment and 53.28 and 3.31 mg/L after 20 d treatment,respectively.However,the toxicity of the two herbicides was relatively low to leaf and petiole.Bentazone480 g/L AS had a higher toxicity to leaf and petiole of water hyacinth than mesotrione 10% OD,with the LC_(50) values of 94.40 and 93.43 mg/L,respectively,while mesotrione 10% OD had a higher toxicity to leaf of water lettuce,with the LC50 value of 165.07 mg/L.In practical application,in order to improve the control effect,the dosage can be appropriately increased or mixed with each other.
引文
[1]高雷,李博.入侵植物凤眼莲研究现状及存在的问题[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(6):735-752.
[2]江洪涛,张红梅.国内外水葫芦防治研究综述[J].中国农业科技导报,2003,5(3):72-75.
[3]HOWARD G W,HARLEY K L S.How do floating aquatic weeds affect wetland conservation and development?How can these effects be minimised?[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,1997,5(3):215-225.
[4]JAMIL K,MADHAVENDRA S S,JAMIL M Z.Studies on water hyacinth as a biological filtre for treating contaminants from agricultural wastes and industrial effluents[J].Journal of Environmental Science&Health,Part B:Pesticides Food Contaminants,and Agricultural Wastes,1987,22(1):103-112.
[5]LIU Dasheng,WANG Rui,GORDON D R,et al.Predicting plant invasions following China’s water diversion project[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(3):1450-1457.
[6]马国君,张振兴,张颖洁.外来物种入侵灾变治理的困境与对策研究—以清水江三板溪库区“水白菜”泛滥为例[J].原生态民族文化学刊,2014,6(4):2-13.
[7]ADEBAYO A A,BRISKI E,KALACI O,et al.Water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes)and water lettuce(Pistia stratiotes)in the Great Lakes:playing with fire?[J].Aquatic Invasions,2011,6(1):91-96.
[8]游泳,王长方,王俊,等.草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂防除水葫芦效果及其在水中的残留[J].福建农业学报,2007,22(2):167-171.
[9]潘晓皖,汪晓红.36%草甘·氯磺可溶性粉剂防除水域水葫芦试验[J].农药科学与管理,2004,25(3):10-12.
[10]GASNIER C,DUMONT C,BENACHOUR N,et al.Glyphosatebased herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines[J].Toxicology,2009,262(3):184.
[11]王长方,游泳,王俊,等.2,4-D丁酯水剂防除水葫芦的效果及其在水中的残留动态[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):1719-1724.
[12]KOSCHNICK T J,HALLER W T,CHEN A W.Carfentrazone-ethyl pond dissipation and efficacy on floating plants 1[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,2004,42(7):103-108.
[13]MUDGE C R,NETHERLAND M D.Response of invasive floating plants and nontarget emergent plants to foliar applications of imazamox and penoxsulam[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,2014,52:1-7.
[14]LACOUL P,FREEDMAN B.Environmental influences on aquatic plants in freshwater ecosystems[J].Environmental Reviews,2006,14(2):89-136.
[15]蔡英杰,陈丽玲,刘学东.防除水葫芦除草剂的筛选[J].杂草科学,2008(4):73-74.
[16]王险峰,辛明远.除草剂安全应用手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[17]贾洪亮,农日升,魏国余.广西湿地外来入侵植物调查初报[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(12):1493-1496.
[2]江洪涛,张红梅.国内外水葫芦防治研究综述[J].中国农业科技导报,2003,5(3):72-75.
[3]HOWARD G W,HARLEY K L S.How do floating aquatic weeds affect wetland conservation and development?How can these effects be minimised?[J].Wetlands Ecology and Management,1997,5(3):215-225.
[4]JAMIL K,MADHAVENDRA S S,JAMIL M Z.Studies on water hyacinth as a biological filtre for treating contaminants from agricultural wastes and industrial effluents[J].Journal of Environmental Science&Health,Part B:Pesticides Food Contaminants,and Agricultural Wastes,1987,22(1):103-112.
[5]LIU Dasheng,WANG Rui,GORDON D R,et al.Predicting plant invasions following China’s water diversion project[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,51(3):1450-1457.
[6]马国君,张振兴,张颖洁.外来物种入侵灾变治理的困境与对策研究—以清水江三板溪库区“水白菜”泛滥为例[J].原生态民族文化学刊,2014,6(4):2-13.
[7]ADEBAYO A A,BRISKI E,KALACI O,et al.Water hyacinth(Eichhornia crassipes)and water lettuce(Pistia stratiotes)in the Great Lakes:playing with fire?[J].Aquatic Invasions,2011,6(1):91-96.
[8]游泳,王长方,王俊,等.草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂防除水葫芦效果及其在水中的残留[J].福建农业学报,2007,22(2):167-171.
[9]潘晓皖,汪晓红.36%草甘·氯磺可溶性粉剂防除水域水葫芦试验[J].农药科学与管理,2004,25(3):10-12.
[10]GASNIER C,DUMONT C,BENACHOUR N,et al.Glyphosatebased herbicides are toxic and endocrine disruptors in human cell lines[J].Toxicology,2009,262(3):184.
[11]王长方,游泳,王俊,等.2,4-D丁酯水剂防除水葫芦的效果及其在水中的残留动态[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):1719-1724.
[12]KOSCHNICK T J,HALLER W T,CHEN A W.Carfentrazone-ethyl pond dissipation and efficacy on floating plants 1[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,2004,42(7):103-108.
[13]MUDGE C R,NETHERLAND M D.Response of invasive floating plants and nontarget emergent plants to foliar applications of imazamox and penoxsulam[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,2014,52:1-7.
[14]LACOUL P,FREEDMAN B.Environmental influences on aquatic plants in freshwater ecosystems[J].Environmental Reviews,2006,14(2):89-136.
[15]蔡英杰,陈丽玲,刘学东.防除水葫芦除草剂的筛选[J].杂草科学,2008(4):73-74.
[16]王险峰,辛明远.除草剂安全应用手册[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[17]贾洪亮,农日升,魏国余.广西湿地外来入侵植物调查初报[J].南方农业学报,2011,42(12):1493-1496.