2015年北京市城区小学生行为问题流行病学特征调查
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摘要
目的:探讨北京市城区小学生行为问题流行病学特征。方法:采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,以Achenbach儿童行为量表为调查工具,对北京市城区2065例6～11岁儿童的行为问题进行调查。采用匿名调查法,利用学生家长开家长会的时间进行。由家长独立完成问卷,并由调查员现场统一核对回收问卷。结果:调查表填写有效1876例,有行为问题的儿童350例,行为问题检出率18. 7%,其中女孩高于男孩(23. 0%vs. 14. 1%,P <0. 001)。男孩的行为问题中排在前四位的分别是分裂样(7. 0%)、强迫性(6. 5%)、交往不良(5. 4%)和多动(5. 0%);女孩的行为问题中排在前四位的分别为抑郁(18. 2%)、性问题(6. 35%)、违纪(6. 1%)和多动(5. 0%)。结论:北京市城区小学生行为问题较常见,女孩行为问题检出率高于男孩。
Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics of primary school students' behavior in Beijing city. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the behavioral problems of 2065 children aged 6 to 11 in Beijing by using the Achenbach children's behavior scale as the survey tool. This study adopted the anonymous survey method,and took the time of parents' meeting. The questionnaire was completed independently by the parents and the questionnaires were collected by the investigators on the spot. Results: A total of 1876 primary schoolchildren aged 6 to 11 were investigated,of which 350 were children with behavioral problems and the detection rate of children' s behavior problems was 18. 7%. The detection rate of girls' behavior problems was higher than that of boys( 23. 0% vs. 14. 1%,P < 0. 001). The top four boys' behavioral problems were schizoid( 7. 0%),compulsive( 6. 5%),poor communicator( 5. 4%),and hyperactivity( 5. 0%).The top four girls' behavior problems were depression( 18. 2%),sexual problems( 6. 35%),discipline violations( 6. 1%) and hyperactivity movements( 5. 0%). Conclusion: It suggests that children' s behavior problem is quite common in Beijing city. The detection rate of girls' behavioral problems exceeded that of boys.
Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics of primary school students' behavior in Beijing city. Methods: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the behavioral problems of 2065 children aged 6 to 11 in Beijing by using the Achenbach children's behavior scale as the survey tool. This study adopted the anonymous survey method,and took the time of parents' meeting. The questionnaire was completed independently by the parents and the questionnaires were collected by the investigators on the spot. Results: A total of 1876 primary schoolchildren aged 6 to 11 were investigated,of which 350 were children with behavioral problems and the detection rate of children' s behavior problems was 18. 7%. The detection rate of girls' behavior problems was higher than that of boys( 23. 0% vs. 14. 1%,P < 0. 001). The top four boys' behavioral problems were schizoid( 7. 0%),compulsive( 6. 5%),poor communicator( 5. 4%),and hyperactivity( 5. 0%).The top four girls' behavior problems were depression( 18. 2%),sexual problems( 6. 35%),discipline violations( 6. 1%) and hyperactivity movements( 5. 0%). Conclusion: It suggests that children' s behavior problem is quite common in Beijing city. The detection rate of girls' behavioral problems exceeded that of boys.
引文
[1]王玉凤,沈渔邨,顾伯美,等.北京市城区2432名学龄儿童行为问题调查报告:学校行为问题与家庭环境的关系[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1988,2(3):114-117.
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[3]全国22个城市协作调查组.儿童行为问题影响因素分析:22城市协作调查24013名儿童少年报告[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1993,7(1):13-15.
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[5]苏林雁,李雪荣,罗学荣,等. Achenbach儿童行为量表的再标准化及效度检验[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1998,12(2):67-69.
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[7]程光文.儿童行为问题及其影响因素的Logistic回归分析[J].中国实用医药,2010,5(6):61-62.
[8]刘国艳,陈玮玮,陈圆圆.父母婚姻质量与幼儿抑郁行为的关系[J].中国行为医学与脑科学杂志,2016,25(6):502-505.
[9] Magai DN,Malik JA,Koot HM. Emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents in Central Kenya[J]. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev,2018:doi:10. 1007/s10578-018-0783-y.
[10]LeMoult J,Ordaz SJ,Kircanski K,et al. Predicting first onset of depression in young girls:interaction of diurnal cortisol and negative life events[J]. J Abnorm Psychol,2015,124(4):850-859.
[11]赵利云,程灶火,刘新民.儿童行为问题与父母教养方式的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(4):502-504.
[12]Gudmundsen GR,Rhew IC,McCauley E,et al. Emergence of depressive symptoms from kindergarten to sixth grade[J]. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol,2018:doi:10. 1080/15374416. 2017.1410823.
[13]Doh HS,Shi N,Kim MJ. Influence of marital conflict on young children's aggressive behavior in south Korea:the mediating role of child maltreatment[J]. Child Youth Serv Rev,2012,34(9):1742-1748.
[14]Moran JK,Dietrich DR,Elbert T,et al. The scent of blood:a driver of human behavior[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(9):e0137777.
[15]李宏田,叶荣伟,任爱国,等.中国26市(县)4-6岁儿童行为问题的现况调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(6):415-420.
[16]Park JH,Bang YR,Kim CK. Sex and age differences in psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents:high-risk students study[J]. Psychiatry Investig,2014,11(3):251-257.
[17]PichéG,Cournoyer M,Bergeron L,et al. Epidemiology of depressive and anxiety disorders among Quebec children and adolescents[J]. Sante Ment Que,2017,42(1):19-42.
[18]Pinfield J. Recognising and diagnosing depression in children and young people[J]. Nurs Stand,2017,31(48):51-63.
[19]Thapar A,Collishaw S,Pine DS,et a1. Depression in adolescence[J]. Lancet,2012,379(9820):1056-1067.
[2]王玉凤,任桂英,顾伯美.不同时期北京市城区儿童行为问题比较研究[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2000,14(1):51-53.
[3]全国22个城市协作调查组.儿童行为问题影响因素分析:22城市协作调查24013名儿童少年报告[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1993,7(1):13-15.
[4]忻仁娥. Achenbach儿童行为量表(中国标准化)[J].上海精神医学,1992,4(1):1-2.
[5]苏林雁,李雪荣,罗学荣,等. Achenbach儿童行为量表的再标准化及效度检验[J].中国心理卫生杂志,1998,12(2):67-69.
[6]张朝.中美学龄儿童心理行为问题的比较研究[J].现代预防医学,2006,33(10):1911-1913.
[7]程光文.儿童行为问题及其影响因素的Logistic回归分析[J].中国实用医药,2010,5(6):61-62.
[8]刘国艳,陈玮玮,陈圆圆.父母婚姻质量与幼儿抑郁行为的关系[J].中国行为医学与脑科学杂志,2016,25(6):502-505.
[9] Magai DN,Malik JA,Koot HM. Emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents in Central Kenya[J]. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev,2018:doi:10. 1007/s10578-018-0783-y.
[10]LeMoult J,Ordaz SJ,Kircanski K,et al. Predicting first onset of depression in young girls:interaction of diurnal cortisol and negative life events[J]. J Abnorm Psychol,2015,124(4):850-859.
[11]赵利云,程灶火,刘新民.儿童行为问题与父母教养方式的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2011,19(4):502-504.
[12]Gudmundsen GR,Rhew IC,McCauley E,et al. Emergence of depressive symptoms from kindergarten to sixth grade[J]. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol,2018:doi:10. 1080/15374416. 2017.1410823.
[13]Doh HS,Shi N,Kim MJ. Influence of marital conflict on young children's aggressive behavior in south Korea:the mediating role of child maltreatment[J]. Child Youth Serv Rev,2012,34(9):1742-1748.
[14]Moran JK,Dietrich DR,Elbert T,et al. The scent of blood:a driver of human behavior[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(9):e0137777.
[15]李宏田,叶荣伟,任爱国,等.中国26市(县)4-6岁儿童行为问题的现况调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志,2009,23(6):415-420.
[16]Park JH,Bang YR,Kim CK. Sex and age differences in psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents:high-risk students study[J]. Psychiatry Investig,2014,11(3):251-257.
[17]PichéG,Cournoyer M,Bergeron L,et al. Epidemiology of depressive and anxiety disorders among Quebec children and adolescents[J]. Sante Ment Que,2017,42(1):19-42.
[18]Pinfield J. Recognising and diagnosing depression in children and young people[J]. Nurs Stand,2017,31(48):51-63.
[19]Thapar A,Collishaw S,Pine DS,et a1. Depression in adolescence[J]. Lancet,2012,379(9820):1056-1067.