柠条林分密度对林带间草本群落的影响
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摘要
植物间的相互作用是影响群落多样性和稳定性的重要因素之一。文中以内蒙古和林格尔县一个12年林龄的人工柠条(Caragana microphylla)林林带间草本层为研究对象,通过测定不同林分密度下草本层物种组成、植被高度、盖度、地上生物量和物种多样性等指标,研究草本层群落特征对柠条林分密度的响应。结果表明:(1)林带间草本层共有48种植物,隶属于18科39属。随着柠条林分密度的增加,草本群落组成种类减少,旱生植物比例增大,豆科植物重要值增大,逐渐成为优势种;(2)高密度林带间草本层群落高度、盖度显著高于其他样地,但生物量和多度数量特征变化不显著(P <0. 05)。(3)低密度柠条林林间草本群落的α多样性指数高于其他样地,其中,Simpson指数和Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于其他样地(P <0. 05)。本着生态有效性和低成本的原则,在内蒙古中部以及相似气候区,推荐柠条林合理种植密度为1200棵/hm2。
Interaction among plants is one of important factors determining the biodiversity and stability of the community. In this study,the response of the herb layer community to the density of artificially planted shrubs was investigated in a 12-year mature plantation of Caragana microphylla in Helingeer County,Inner Mongolia.Species composition,plant height,coverage,aboveground biomass of the herb layers and communities diversity under different densities of C. microphylla were measured to evaluate the response of herb communities to the C.microphylla planting densities. The results showed that(1) there were totally 48 species under the C. microphylla plantation,belonging to 18 families and 39 genus. With the C. microphylla density increasing,the number of species in the herb layer decreased. The proportion of xerophytes increased; the importance value of legume increased and became the dominant species.(2) The height and coverage of the herb layer under the highest density of C. microphylla were significantly higher than that under other densities,but the biomass and species abundance had no significantly differences among the four densities.( 3) Under the low forest density(1200 plants/ha) the herb community's four α-diversity indexes were all the highest among the four test samples,and Simpson Index and Shannon-Wiener Index were significantly the highest among others( P < 0. 05).Above all,though there were many advantages in planting Caragana spp.,such as increasing the coverage of plantation,decreasing the erosion of water and soil and preventing wind and sand,they also caused some negative ecological effects,such as soil drying and decreasing biodiversity. In considering both the ecological effects and economical efficiency,it was recommended that 1200 plants/ha was a suitable density for C. microphylla planting in the central Inner Mongolia and the places that have similar climate.
Interaction among plants is one of important factors determining the biodiversity and stability of the community. In this study,the response of the herb layer community to the density of artificially planted shrubs was investigated in a 12-year mature plantation of Caragana microphylla in Helingeer County,Inner Mongolia.Species composition,plant height,coverage,aboveground biomass of the herb layers and communities diversity under different densities of C. microphylla were measured to evaluate the response of herb communities to the C.microphylla planting densities. The results showed that(1) there were totally 48 species under the C. microphylla plantation,belonging to 18 families and 39 genus. With the C. microphylla density increasing,the number of species in the herb layer decreased. The proportion of xerophytes increased; the importance value of legume increased and became the dominant species.(2) The height and coverage of the herb layer under the highest density of C. microphylla were significantly higher than that under other densities,but the biomass and species abundance had no significantly differences among the four densities.( 3) Under the low forest density(1200 plants/ha) the herb community's four α-diversity indexes were all the highest among the four test samples,and Simpson Index and Shannon-Wiener Index were significantly the highest among others( P < 0. 05).Above all,though there were many advantages in planting Caragana spp.,such as increasing the coverage of plantation,decreasing the erosion of water and soil and preventing wind and sand,they also caused some negative ecological effects,such as soil drying and decreasing biodiversity. In considering both the ecological effects and economical efficiency,it was recommended that 1200 plants/ha was a suitable density for C. microphylla planting in the central Inner Mongolia and the places that have similar climate.
引文
[1]牛西午.柠条研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[2]周伶,上官铁梁,郭东罡,等.晋、陕、宁、蒙柠条锦鸡儿群落物种多样性对放牧干扰和气象因子的响应[J].生态学报,2012,32(1):111-122.
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[6]BaoJ T,Wang Jin,Li X R,et all. Age-related changes in photosynthesis and water relations of revegetated Caragana spp. in the Tengger desert,Northern China[J]. Trees,2015,29(6):1749-1760.
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[8]刘任涛,柴永青,徐坤,等.荒漠草原区柠条固沙人工林地表草本植被季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):500-508.
[9]韩天丰,程积民,万惠娥.人工柠条灌丛林下草地植物群落特征研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(2):245-249.
[10]周玉珍.柠条林对黄土丘陵区土壤物理性质和肥力的影响分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(6):620-622.
[11]曹成有,蒋德明,全贵静,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙区土壤理化性质的变化[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):108-112.
[12]张飞,陈云明,王耀凤,等.黄土丘陵半干旱区柠条林对土壤物理性质及有机质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):105-109.
[13]姜丽娜,杨文斌,卢琦等.低覆盖度柠条固沙林不同配置对植被修复的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(2):180-185.
[14]张丽珍,牛伟,牛西午,等.柠条对盐碱地植被组成及土壤特性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4693-4699.
[15]刘凯,王磊,宋乃平,等.毛乌素沙地南缘不同林龄人工柠条林土壤渗透性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(5):89-94.
[16]王占军,李宝生,蒋齐,等.柠条不同种植密度对植物群落稳定性影响的研究[J].草业与畜牧,2006(10):9-12.
[17]谢国勋,王增吉,王占军,等.宁夏干旱风沙区不同种植密度柠条林对土壤水分及植被生物量影响研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2014,55(11):12-14.
[18]胡良军,邵明安.黄土高原植被恢复的水分生态环境研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8):1045-1048.
[19]徐荣.宁夏河东沙地不同密度柠条灌丛草地水分与群落特征的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,2004.
[20]张文文,郭忠升,宁婷,等.黄土丘陵半干旱区柠条林密度对土壤水分和柠条生长的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):725-732.
[21]方精云,刘国华,徐嵩龄.中国陆地生态系统的碳库[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996:109-128.
[22]沈振西,陈佐忠,周兴民,等.高施氮量对高寒矮嵩草甸主要类群和多样性及质量的影响[J].草地学报,2003,10(1):7-17.
[23]韩会阁,尚振艳,牛得草,等.氮素添加对黄土高原典型草原植物比叶面积及其重要值的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(1):69-74.
[24]曹文侠,李文,李小龙,等.施氮对高寒草甸草原植物群落和土壤养分的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):658-666.
[25]吴爱姣,徐伟洲,郭亚力,等.不同水肥条件下达乌里胡枝子的光合-光响应-光响应曲线特征[J].草地学报,2015,23(4):785-791.
[2]周伶,上官铁梁,郭东罡,等.晋、陕、宁、蒙柠条锦鸡儿群落物种多样性对放牧干扰和气象因子的响应[J].生态学报,2012,32(1):111-122.
[3]Li S F,Fan C M,Li Y,et al. Effects of drought and salt-stresses on gene expression in Caragana spp. seedlings revealed by RNA-seq[J].BMC Genomics,2016,17:1-19.
[4]贾丽,曲式曾.豆科锦鸡儿属植物研究进展[J].植物研究,2001,21(4):515-518.
[5]JianS Q,Zhao C Y,Fang S M,et al. Characteristics of Caragana spp. and Hippophae rhamnoides stemflow and their significance in soil moisture enhancement in Loess Plateau,China[J]. Journal of Arid Land,2014,6(1):105-116.
[6]BaoJ T,Wang Jin,Li X R,et all. Age-related changes in photosynthesis and water relations of revegetated Caragana spp. in the Tengger desert,Northern China[J]. Trees,2015,29(6):1749-1760.
[7]李淑君,李国旗,王磊,等.荒漠草原区不同林龄柠条林物种多样性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(6):82-87.
[8]刘任涛,柴永青,徐坤,等.荒漠草原区柠条固沙人工林地表草本植被季节变化特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):500-508.
[9]韩天丰,程积民,万惠娥.人工柠条灌丛林下草地植物群落特征研究[J].草地学报,2009,17(2):245-249.
[10]周玉珍.柠条林对黄土丘陵区土壤物理性质和肥力的影响分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(6):620-622.
[11]曹成有,蒋德明,全贵静,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿人工固沙区土壤理化性质的变化[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(6):108-112.
[12]张飞,陈云明,王耀凤,等.黄土丘陵半干旱区柠条林对土壤物理性质及有机质的影响[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(3):105-109.
[13]姜丽娜,杨文斌,卢琦等.低覆盖度柠条固沙林不同配置对植被修复的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(2):180-185.
[14]张丽珍,牛伟,牛西午,等.柠条对盐碱地植被组成及土壤特性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4693-4699.
[15]刘凯,王磊,宋乃平,等.毛乌素沙地南缘不同林龄人工柠条林土壤渗透性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(5):89-94.
[16]王占军,李宝生,蒋齐,等.柠条不同种植密度对植物群落稳定性影响的研究[J].草业与畜牧,2006(10):9-12.
[17]谢国勋,王增吉,王占军,等.宁夏干旱风沙区不同种植密度柠条林对土壤水分及植被生物量影响研究[J].宁夏农林科技,2014,55(11):12-14.
[18]胡良军,邵明安.黄土高原植被恢复的水分生态环境研究[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8):1045-1048.
[19]徐荣.宁夏河东沙地不同密度柠条灌丛草地水分与群落特征的研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院畜牧研究所,2004.
[20]张文文,郭忠升,宁婷,等.黄土丘陵半干旱区柠条林密度对土壤水分和柠条生长的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):725-732.
[21]方精云,刘国华,徐嵩龄.中国陆地生态系统的碳库[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1996:109-128.
[22]沈振西,陈佐忠,周兴民,等.高施氮量对高寒矮嵩草甸主要类群和多样性及质量的影响[J].草地学报,2003,10(1):7-17.
[23]韩会阁,尚振艳,牛得草,等.氮素添加对黄土高原典型草原植物比叶面积及其重要值的影响[J].草地学报,2015,23(1):69-74.
[24]曹文侠,李文,李小龙,等.施氮对高寒草甸草原植物群落和土壤养分的影响[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):658-666.
[25]吴爱姣,徐伟洲,郭亚力,等.不同水肥条件下达乌里胡枝子的光合-光响应-光响应曲线特征[J].草地学报,2015,23(4):785-791.