基于模糊物元模型的3种灌木林水源涵养能力评价——以内蒙古黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场为例
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摘要
林地枯落物层和土壤层的持水能力是其水土保持功能中水源涵养能力大小的重要指征。关于黑岱沟矿区典型灌木林水源涵养功能的文献未见报道,近年来,基于模糊物元模型的水源涵养能力评价被认为是一种简单、直接、科学的方法。作者以黑岱沟煤矿排土场人工建植的15年生柠条锦鸡儿、沙地柏、山杏3种灌木林下的枯落物和土壤为研究对象,运用浸水法、烘干法和环刀法测定枯落物蓄积量、土壤物理性质及其持水特征,选取影响枯落物和土壤持水能力的15个指标建立其水源涵养能力评价指标体系,运用欧式贴近度模糊物元模型进行其水源涵养能力评价。结果表明:3种灌木林枯落物层水源涵养能力的大小顺序为沙地柏>柠条锦鸡儿>山杏;土壤层水源涵养能力强弱顺序为沙地柏>山杏>柠条锦鸡儿;欧式贴近度排序为R沙地柏> R山杏> R柠条锦鸡儿,即沙地柏林的水源涵养能力最强,山杏次之,柠条锦鸡儿较差。
[Background] The water-holding capacity of litter layer and soil layer of forest land is an important indicator of soil and water conservation function of forest land,and they are two important indexes to evaluate the capacity of water conservation. There has been no reported literature on the water conservation function of typical shrubbery in Heidaigou mining area yet. In recent years,the evaluation of water conservation capacity based on fuzzy matter-element model is considered as a simple,direct and scientific method. Therefore,fuzzy matter-element model was used to evaluate the water-holding capacity of litter layer and soil layer of forest land in Heidaigou of Inner Mongolia. [Methods]This study took the litter and soil under shrub forest of Caragana korshinskii,Sabina vulgaris and Prunus armeniaca of artificial planting 15 years as the research object on the same platform of dump in Heidaigou open pit mine. The methods of soaking,drying and cutting-ring were used to study the accumulation of litter,water-holding characteristics of litter,physical properties of soil and water-holding characteristics of soil.Fifteen indexes affecting litter and soil water-holding capacity were selected to establish the evaluation index system of water conservation capacity of three kinds of shrub forest. The fuzzy matter-element model of Euclid approach degree was used to evaluate the water conservation capacity of three shrubs.[Results]The species composition and growth status of shrub vegetation were different,which resulted in great differences in the thickness of litter,the amount of storage and the characteristics of water-holding under the forest. And the variation ranges of litter thickness and the amount of storage of three shrub types were 0. 83-1. 08 cm and 2. 42-3. 82 t/hm2,respectively. The index values of water-holding characteristics of litter layer were the largest in S. vulgaris shrub,especially maximum water-holding capacity and effective interception rate. Soil development affected bulk density and porosity of soil,which led to differences in soil physical properties. The soil bulk density of three shrub types showed the rule of C. korshinskii( 1. 50 g/cm3) > S. vulgaris( 1. 44 g/cm3) > P. armeniaca( 1. 43 g/cm3). The variation law of soil porosity in three shrubs was consistent with that of corresponding water content. In addition to soil bulk density,non-capillary porosity and effective water-holding capacity,the index values of the soil layer were also the best in S. vulgaris shrub. The order of Euclid approach degree of three shrubs was RSabina vulgaris> RPrunus armeniaca> RCaragana korshinskii. [Conclusions] The order of water conservation capacity of litter layer in three kinds of shrub forest was S. vulgaris > C. korshinskii > P. armeniaca.The order of water conservation ability of soil layer in three kinds of shrub forest was S. vulgaris > P.armeniaca > C. korshinskii. The order of Euclid approach degree of three kinds of shrubs was S.vulgaris( 0. 869 3) > P. armeniaca( 0. 202 7) > C. korshinskii( 0. 151 8),the water conservation capacity of S. vulgaris in the study area was the strongest,followed by P. armeniaca shrub,and that of C. korshinskii was poor.
[Background] The water-holding capacity of litter layer and soil layer of forest land is an important indicator of soil and water conservation function of forest land,and they are two important indexes to evaluate the capacity of water conservation. There has been no reported literature on the water conservation function of typical shrubbery in Heidaigou mining area yet. In recent years,the evaluation of water conservation capacity based on fuzzy matter-element model is considered as a simple,direct and scientific method. Therefore,fuzzy matter-element model was used to evaluate the water-holding capacity of litter layer and soil layer of forest land in Heidaigou of Inner Mongolia. [Methods]This study took the litter and soil under shrub forest of Caragana korshinskii,Sabina vulgaris and Prunus armeniaca of artificial planting 15 years as the research object on the same platform of dump in Heidaigou open pit mine. The methods of soaking,drying and cutting-ring were used to study the accumulation of litter,water-holding characteristics of litter,physical properties of soil and water-holding characteristics of soil.Fifteen indexes affecting litter and soil water-holding capacity were selected to establish the evaluation index system of water conservation capacity of three kinds of shrub forest. The fuzzy matter-element model of Euclid approach degree was used to evaluate the water conservation capacity of three shrubs.[Results]The species composition and growth status of shrub vegetation were different,which resulted in great differences in the thickness of litter,the amount of storage and the characteristics of water-holding under the forest. And the variation ranges of litter thickness and the amount of storage of three shrub types were 0. 83-1. 08 cm and 2. 42-3. 82 t/hm2,respectively. The index values of water-holding characteristics of litter layer were the largest in S. vulgaris shrub,especially maximum water-holding capacity and effective interception rate. Soil development affected bulk density and porosity of soil,which led to differences in soil physical properties. The soil bulk density of three shrub types showed the rule of C. korshinskii( 1. 50 g/cm3) > S. vulgaris( 1. 44 g/cm3) > P. armeniaca( 1. 43 g/cm3). The variation law of soil porosity in three shrubs was consistent with that of corresponding water content. In addition to soil bulk density,non-capillary porosity and effective water-holding capacity,the index values of the soil layer were also the best in S. vulgaris shrub. The order of Euclid approach degree of three shrubs was RSabina vulgaris> RPrunus armeniaca> RCaragana korshinskii. [Conclusions] The order of water conservation capacity of litter layer in three kinds of shrub forest was S. vulgaris > C. korshinskii > P. armeniaca.The order of water conservation ability of soil layer in three kinds of shrub forest was S. vulgaris > P.armeniaca > C. korshinskii. The order of Euclid approach degree of three kinds of shrubs was S.vulgaris( 0. 869 3) > P. armeniaca( 0. 202 7) > C. korshinskii( 0. 151 8),the water conservation capacity of S. vulgaris in the study area was the strongest,followed by P. armeniaca shrub,and that of C. korshinskii was poor.
引文
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[2]曾建军,史正涛,张华伟,等.滇中城市水源地不同林型水源涵养功能评价[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(6):84.ZENG Jianjun,SHI Zhengtao,ZHANG Huawei,et al. E-valuation on water conservation function of different foresttypes in urban water sources of the central Yunnan[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2013,20(6):84.
[3]胡晓聪,黄乾亮,金亮.西双版纳热带山地雨林枯落物及其土壤水文功能[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):55.HU Xiaocong,HUANG Qianliang,JIN Liang. Hydrologi-cal functions of the litters and soil of tropical mountainrain forest in Xishuangban-na,Yunnan,China[J]. Chi-nese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(1):55.
[4]赵芳,李雪云,赖国桢,等.飞播马尾松林不同林下植被类型枯落物及土壤水文效应[J].中国水土保持科学,2016,14(4):26.ZHAO Fang,LI Xueyun,LAI Guozhen,et al. Hydrologi-cal effects of forest litters and soil in different types of un-derstory vegetation in aerially-seeded Pinus massonianaplantation[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,14(4):26.
[5]赵丽,王建国,车明中,等.内蒙古扎兰屯市典型森林枯落物、土壤水源涵养功能研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(5):91.ZHAO Li,WANG Jianguo,CHE Mingzhong,et al. Forestlitter,soil characteristics and water conservation functionof typical forest in Zhalantun,Inner Mongolia[J]. Journalof Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(5):91.
[6]刘凯,贺康宁,田赟,等.青海高寒山区5种林分的土壤特性及其水源涵养功能[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):141.LIU Kai,HE Kangning,TIAN Yun,et al. Soil characteris-tics and water conservation function of five forest types inQinghai Alpine Region[J]. Journal of Soil and WaterConservation,2017,31(3):141.
[7]莫菲,李叙勇,贺淑霞,等.东灵山林区不同森林植被水源涵养功能评价[J].生态学报,2011,31(17):5009.MO Fei,LI Xuyong,HE Shuxia,et al. Evaluation of soiland water conservation capacity of different forest types inDongling mountain[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(17):5009.
[8]王先棒,贺康宁,董喆,等.北川河流域典型林型水源涵养能力评价[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(5):94.WANG Xianbang,HE Kangning,DONG Zhe,et al. Eval-uation on water conservation capacity of typical foresttypes in Beichuan River basin[J]. Science of Soil andWater Conservation,2017,15(5):94.
[9]吕春娟,路琼.矿区复垦植被土壤涵养水源功能的研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(3):184.LChunjuan,LU Qiong. Water-source conservation func-tion of vegetation soil in reclamation mine[J]. Journal ofSoil and Water Conservation,2009,23(3):184.
[10]马任甜,方瑛,安韶山,等.黑岱沟露天煤矿优势植物叶片及枯落物生态化学计量特征[J].土壤学报,2016,53(4):1003.MA Rentian,FANG Ying,AN Shaoshan,et al. Ecologi-cal stoichiometric characteristics of leaves and litter ofplants dominant in Heidaigou opencast coal mining area[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2016,53(4):1003.
[11]姚敏娟,张树礼,李青丰,等.黑岱沟露天矿排土场不同植被配置土壤水分研究:土壤水分垂直动态研究[J].北方环境,2011,23(1/2):29.YAO Minjuan,ZHANG Shuli,LI Qingfeng,et al. Effectsof different vegetation types on soil moisture of dumpingsite in Heidaigou opencast mine:Vertical dynamic ofsoil water content[J]. Northern Environment,2011,23(1/2):29.
[12]陈严武,史正涛,曾建军,等.水源地不同林分水源涵养功能评价[J].干旱区资源与环境,2015,29(2):67.CHEN Yanwu,SHI Zhengtao,ZENG Jianjun,et al. theevaluation on the soil water conservation function of fivetypes forests in urban water source region[J]. Journal ofArid Land Resources and Environment,2015,29(2):67.
[13]郭梦娇,朱江,程小琴,等.辽河源不同林龄油松林水源涵养能力研究[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(3):279.GUO Mengjiao,ZHU Jiang,CHENG Xiaoqin,et al. Wa-ter conservation capacity of Pinus tabulaeformis forestswith different ages at Liaohe River[J]. Journal of Soiland Water Conservation,2016,30(3):279.
[14]刘蔚漪,范少辉,漆良华,等.闽北不同类型毛竹林水源涵养功能研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(2):92.LIU Weiyi,FAN Shaohui,QI Lianghua,et al. Waterconservation function of different tapes Phyllostachysedulis forests in northern Fujian province[J]. Journal ofSoil and Water Conservation,2011,25(2):92.
[15]曾建军,史正涛,陈严武,等.滇西北水源地不同混交组合林水源涵养功能评价[J].人民长江,2014,45(14):36.ZENG Jianjun,SHI Zhengtao,CHEN Yanwu,et al. E-valuation on water conservation function of differentmixed forests in water resources areas in northwest Yun-nan province[J]. Yangtze River,2014,45(14):36.
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