航天器噪声试验中结构振动响应预示方法研究
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摘要
航天器在随运载火箭发射过程中要承受严酷的噪声环境,需通过噪声试验来检验航天器承受噪声环境并能正常工作的能力.航天器噪声试验中结构振动的响应特性是结构强度设计应该考虑的因素之一,更是制定器上组件随机振动试验条件的重要依据,因此有必要在航天器研制初期对噪声载荷作用下的结构振动进行响应预示.文章应用商用有限元分析软件MSC.Patran和MSC.Nastran建立了某型号航天器结构舱板的有限元模型,将噪声载荷声压谱转换为脉动压力功率谱密度,进而采用模态法分析结构在噪声载荷作用下的随机振动响应,并将仿真预示结果与试验结果进行对比研究,在仿真分析中考虑阻尼参数模型和流场附加质量效应等因素的影响;通过研究表明:采用阻尼比随频率提高而减小的经验阻尼参数模型可以较好地反映中高频响应特性、得到较为准确的总均方根响应分析结果,进一步采用虚拟质量法考虑流场附加质量效应可以得到较为准确的功率谱密度响应分析结果.文章提出的仿真分析方法建模简便、计算成本低,适用于在航天器研制初期对航天器噪声试验中的结构振动进行响应预示.
Spacecraft suffer severe acoustic environments in the course of launching along with launch vehicles. Acoustic tests should be done to check up whether the spacecraft work well while suffering acoustic environments. Response properties of structural vibrations during acoustic tests for spacecraft should be considered in the structural strength design.Moreover, they are important foundations for specifying the random vibration test conditions of the spacecraft equipment mounted on the structural boards. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the structural responses due to acoustic loads in the preliminary stage of spacecraft development. In this paper, a finite element model of a spacecraft structure is built using the commercial finite element analysis software MSC.Patran and MSC.Nastran. The sound pressure level spectrum of acoustic loads is transformed to the power spectrum density of fluctuating pressure. And then, the random vibration responses of the spacecraft structure under the acoustic loads are analyzed using the modal method. The simulation results are compared with the acoustic test results. In the simulation analysis, the effects of the damping ratio model and the fluid added mass are studied. The research shows that: using an empirical damping ratio model that the damping ratio decreases with the rising of the frequency can do a better response prediction for the medium-high frequency properties as well as for the total root mean square results; further using the virtual mass method to consider the fluid added mass effect can do a better response prediction for the power spectrum density results. The proposed simulation method in the article is convenient for modeling and efficient for computation, which is appropriate for the response prediction of structural vibrations in spacecraft acoustic tests in the preliminary stage of spacecraft development.
Spacecraft suffer severe acoustic environments in the course of launching along with launch vehicles. Acoustic tests should be done to check up whether the spacecraft work well while suffering acoustic environments. Response properties of structural vibrations during acoustic tests for spacecraft should be considered in the structural strength design.Moreover, they are important foundations for specifying the random vibration test conditions of the spacecraft equipment mounted on the structural boards. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the structural responses due to acoustic loads in the preliminary stage of spacecraft development. In this paper, a finite element model of a spacecraft structure is built using the commercial finite element analysis software MSC.Patran and MSC.Nastran. The sound pressure level spectrum of acoustic loads is transformed to the power spectrum density of fluctuating pressure. And then, the random vibration responses of the spacecraft structure under the acoustic loads are analyzed using the modal method. The simulation results are compared with the acoustic test results. In the simulation analysis, the effects of the damping ratio model and the fluid added mass are studied. The research shows that: using an empirical damping ratio model that the damping ratio decreases with the rising of the frequency can do a better response prediction for the medium-high frequency properties as well as for the total root mean square results; further using the virtual mass method to consider the fluid added mass effect can do a better response prediction for the power spectrum density results. The proposed simulation method in the article is convenient for modeling and efficient for computation, which is appropriate for the response prediction of structural vibrations in spacecraft acoustic tests in the preliminary stage of spacecraft development.
引文
1王英学,高波,任文强.高速铁路隧道缓冲结构气动载荷与结构应力特性分析.力学学报,2017,49(1):48-54(Wang Yingxue,Gao Bo,Ren Wenqiang.Aerodynamic load and structure stress analysis on hood of high-speed railway tunnel.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(1):48-54(in Chinese))
2安翼,莫晃锐,刘青泉.高速列车头型长细比对气动噪声的影响.力学学报,2017,49(5):985-996(An Yi,Mo Huangrui,Liu Qingquan.Study on the influence of the nose slenderness ratio of high-speed train on the aerodynamic noise.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(5):985-996(in Chinese))
3张子健,刘云峰,姜宗林.振动激发对高超声速气动力/热影响.力学学报,2017,49(3):616-626(Zhang Zijian,Liu Yunfeng,Jiang Zonglin.Effect of vibration excitation on hypersonic aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(3):616-626(in Chinese))
4彭成荣.航天器总体设计.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2011(Peng Chengrong.System Design for Spacecraft.Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2011(in Chinese))
5李青,任德鹏,王闯等.月球探测器力学环境研究及试验条件制定.航天器工程,2018,27(1):137-142(Li Qing,Ren Depeng,Wang Chuang,et al.Study on mechanical environment and test condition design for lunar probes.Spacecraft Engineering,2018,27(1):137-142(in Chinese))
6马兴瑞,韩增尧,邹元杰等.航天器力学环境分析与条件设计研究进展.宇航学报,2012,33(1):1-12(Ma Xingrui,Han Zengyao,Zou Yuanjie,et al.Review and assessment of spacecraft mechanical environment analysis and specification determination.Journal of Astronautics,2012,33(1):1-12(in Chinese))
7曹茂国,李琳.薄壁板结构声激励载荷作用下的响应谱估算方法.航空动力学报,2000,15(3):295-297(Cao Maoguo,Li Lin.Estimation of response power spectrum of panel structure under acoustic loads.Journal of Aerospace Power,2000,15(3):295-297(in Chinese))
8曹茂国,李琳.噪声载荷作用下薄壁柱壳结构的随机振动响应的估算方法.航空动力学报,2003,18(3):402-406(Cao Maoguo,Li Lin.The estimation of random vibration response to cylindrical shell excited noise.Journal of Aerospace Power,2003,18(3):402-406(in Chinese))
9王亮,商霖,牛智玲等.基于NASTRAN导弹仪器舱噪声环境预示研究.导弹与航天运载技术,2013,2:13-15(Wang Liang,Shang Lin,Niu Zhiling,et al.Study on noise environment prediction of missile instrument bay base on NASTRAN.Missiles and Space Vehicles,2013,2:13-15(in Chinese))
10马兴瑞,于登云,韩增尧等.星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究进展.宇航学报,2006,27(3):323-331(Ma Xingrui,Yu Dengyun,Han Zengyao,et al.Research evolution on the satellite-rocket mechanical environment analysis&test technology.Journal of Astronautics,2006,27(3):323-331(in Chinese))
11 Fahy F.Statistical energy analysis:A critical overview.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A,1994,346:431-447
12 Lyon R.Statistical energy analysis and structural fuzzy.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1998,97(5):2878-2881
13 Huang HJ.Predication and validation of high frequency vibration responses of NASA MARS Pathfinder spacecraft due to acoustic launch load using statistical energy analysis.NASA2001-3585,2001
14 Tengler N.AutoSEA comparisons with booster acoustic test results.The 2002 S/C&L/V Dynamic Environment Workshop,El Segundo USA,2002
15刘小平.用统计能量法预示导弹仪器舱的动力学环境.导弹与航天运载技术,2000,4:52-56(Liu Xiaoping.Predicting the dynamic environment of missile instrument bay with the statistical energy analysis method.Missiles and Space Vehicles,2000,4:52-56(in Chinese))
16杜骊刚.飞行器在气动噪声作用下的振动环境预示方法.装备环境工程,2008,5(6):65-67(Du Ligang.Vibration environment prediction method for spacecraft under pneumatic noise condition.Equipment Environmental Engineering,2008,5(6):65-67(in Chinese))
17房桂祥.喷流噪声引起的结构振动环境预示研究.强度与环境,2006,33(3):7-10(Fang Guixiang.Foreshowing study of the vibration environment caused by engine jet noise.Structure&Environment Engineering,2006,33(3):7-10(in Chinese))
18朱卫红,韩增尧,邹元杰等.航天器声振力学环境预示与验证.宇航学报,2016,37(9):1142-1149(Zhu Weihong,Han Zengyao,Zou Yuanjie,et al.Prediction and validation of vibro-acoustic mechanical environment of large complex spacecraft.Journal of Astronautics,2016,37(9):1142-1149(in Chinese))
19 Shorter PJ,Langley RS.Vibro-acoustic analysis of complex systems.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2005,288(3):669-699
20 Langley RS.On the diffuse field reciprocity relationship and vibrational energy variance in a random subsystem at high frequencies.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2007,121(2):913-921
21 Cotoni V,Langley RS,Shorter PJ.A statistical energy analysis subsystem formulation using finite element and periodic structure theory.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,318:1077-1108
22张瑾,邹元杰,韩增尧.声振力学环境预示的FE-SEA混合方法研究.强度与环境,2010,37(3):14-20(Zhang Jin,Zou Yuanjie,Han Zengyao.Research on FE-SEA hybrid method for vibroacoustic prediction in dynamic environment.Structure&Environment Engineering,2010,37(3):14-20(in Chinese))
23罗研朝,王闯,张熇.基于FE-SEA方法的航天器含支架组件噪声分析.航天器环境工程,2014,31(3):262-266(Luo Yanzhao,Wang Chuang,Zhang He.Acoustic response prediction for a spacecraft unit with bracket based on FE-SEA method.Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2014,31(3):262-266(in Chinese))
24张立翔.流体结构互动理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2004(Zhang Lixiang.The Structure Interation Theory and its Application.Beijing:Science Press,2004(in Chinese))
25杨志勇,李桂青,瞿伟廉.结构阻尼的发展及其研究近况.武汉工业大学学报,2000,22(3):38-41(Yang Zhiyong,Li Guiqing,Qu Weilian.The research history and recent development of structural damping.Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2000,22(3):38-41(in Chinese))
26 Aquino RER,Tamura Y.Structural damping estimation using a simple equation based on the equivalent viscous damping concept.Procedia Engineering,2017,199:495-500
27王勖成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003(Wang Xucheng.Finite Element Method.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003(in Chinese))
28 MSC.Nastran Advanced Dynamic Analysis User’s Guide.Santa Ana.CA 92707 USA:MSC.Software Corporation,2004
29李青,韩增尧,马兴瑞.航天器贮箱液固耦合振动特性的仿真与试验研究.宇航学报,2014,35(11):1233-1237(Li Qing,Hang Zengyao,Ma Xingrui.Simulation and experimental research on fliud-structure-interaction dynamics of tank in spacecrafts.Journal of Astronautics,2014,35(11):1233-1237(in Chinese))
2安翼,莫晃锐,刘青泉.高速列车头型长细比对气动噪声的影响.力学学报,2017,49(5):985-996(An Yi,Mo Huangrui,Liu Qingquan.Study on the influence of the nose slenderness ratio of high-speed train on the aerodynamic noise.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(5):985-996(in Chinese))
3张子健,刘云峰,姜宗林.振动激发对高超声速气动力/热影响.力学学报,2017,49(3):616-626(Zhang Zijian,Liu Yunfeng,Jiang Zonglin.Effect of vibration excitation on hypersonic aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic.Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2017,49(3):616-626(in Chinese))
4彭成荣.航天器总体设计.北京:中国科学技术出版社,2011(Peng Chengrong.System Design for Spacecraft.Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,2011(in Chinese))
5李青,任德鹏,王闯等.月球探测器力学环境研究及试验条件制定.航天器工程,2018,27(1):137-142(Li Qing,Ren Depeng,Wang Chuang,et al.Study on mechanical environment and test condition design for lunar probes.Spacecraft Engineering,2018,27(1):137-142(in Chinese))
6马兴瑞,韩增尧,邹元杰等.航天器力学环境分析与条件设计研究进展.宇航学报,2012,33(1):1-12(Ma Xingrui,Han Zengyao,Zou Yuanjie,et al.Review and assessment of spacecraft mechanical environment analysis and specification determination.Journal of Astronautics,2012,33(1):1-12(in Chinese))
7曹茂国,李琳.薄壁板结构声激励载荷作用下的响应谱估算方法.航空动力学报,2000,15(3):295-297(Cao Maoguo,Li Lin.Estimation of response power spectrum of panel structure under acoustic loads.Journal of Aerospace Power,2000,15(3):295-297(in Chinese))
8曹茂国,李琳.噪声载荷作用下薄壁柱壳结构的随机振动响应的估算方法.航空动力学报,2003,18(3):402-406(Cao Maoguo,Li Lin.The estimation of random vibration response to cylindrical shell excited noise.Journal of Aerospace Power,2003,18(3):402-406(in Chinese))
9王亮,商霖,牛智玲等.基于NASTRAN导弹仪器舱噪声环境预示研究.导弹与航天运载技术,2013,2:13-15(Wang Liang,Shang Lin,Niu Zhiling,et al.Study on noise environment prediction of missile instrument bay base on NASTRAN.Missiles and Space Vehicles,2013,2:13-15(in Chinese))
10马兴瑞,于登云,韩增尧等.星箭力学环境分析与试验技术研究进展.宇航学报,2006,27(3):323-331(Ma Xingrui,Yu Dengyun,Han Zengyao,et al.Research evolution on the satellite-rocket mechanical environment analysis&test technology.Journal of Astronautics,2006,27(3):323-331(in Chinese))
11 Fahy F.Statistical energy analysis:A critical overview.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A,1994,346:431-447
12 Lyon R.Statistical energy analysis and structural fuzzy.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1998,97(5):2878-2881
13 Huang HJ.Predication and validation of high frequency vibration responses of NASA MARS Pathfinder spacecraft due to acoustic launch load using statistical energy analysis.NASA2001-3585,2001
14 Tengler N.AutoSEA comparisons with booster acoustic test results.The 2002 S/C&L/V Dynamic Environment Workshop,El Segundo USA,2002
15刘小平.用统计能量法预示导弹仪器舱的动力学环境.导弹与航天运载技术,2000,4:52-56(Liu Xiaoping.Predicting the dynamic environment of missile instrument bay with the statistical energy analysis method.Missiles and Space Vehicles,2000,4:52-56(in Chinese))
16杜骊刚.飞行器在气动噪声作用下的振动环境预示方法.装备环境工程,2008,5(6):65-67(Du Ligang.Vibration environment prediction method for spacecraft under pneumatic noise condition.Equipment Environmental Engineering,2008,5(6):65-67(in Chinese))
17房桂祥.喷流噪声引起的结构振动环境预示研究.强度与环境,2006,33(3):7-10(Fang Guixiang.Foreshowing study of the vibration environment caused by engine jet noise.Structure&Environment Engineering,2006,33(3):7-10(in Chinese))
18朱卫红,韩增尧,邹元杰等.航天器声振力学环境预示与验证.宇航学报,2016,37(9):1142-1149(Zhu Weihong,Han Zengyao,Zou Yuanjie,et al.Prediction and validation of vibro-acoustic mechanical environment of large complex spacecraft.Journal of Astronautics,2016,37(9):1142-1149(in Chinese))
19 Shorter PJ,Langley RS.Vibro-acoustic analysis of complex systems.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2005,288(3):669-699
20 Langley RS.On the diffuse field reciprocity relationship and vibrational energy variance in a random subsystem at high frequencies.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2007,121(2):913-921
21 Cotoni V,Langley RS,Shorter PJ.A statistical energy analysis subsystem formulation using finite element and periodic structure theory.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,318:1077-1108
22张瑾,邹元杰,韩增尧.声振力学环境预示的FE-SEA混合方法研究.强度与环境,2010,37(3):14-20(Zhang Jin,Zou Yuanjie,Han Zengyao.Research on FE-SEA hybrid method for vibroacoustic prediction in dynamic environment.Structure&Environment Engineering,2010,37(3):14-20(in Chinese))
23罗研朝,王闯,张熇.基于FE-SEA方法的航天器含支架组件噪声分析.航天器环境工程,2014,31(3):262-266(Luo Yanzhao,Wang Chuang,Zhang He.Acoustic response prediction for a spacecraft unit with bracket based on FE-SEA method.Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2014,31(3):262-266(in Chinese))
24张立翔.流体结构互动理论及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2004(Zhang Lixiang.The Structure Interation Theory and its Application.Beijing:Science Press,2004(in Chinese))
25杨志勇,李桂青,瞿伟廉.结构阻尼的发展及其研究近况.武汉工业大学学报,2000,22(3):38-41(Yang Zhiyong,Li Guiqing,Qu Weilian.The research history and recent development of structural damping.Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2000,22(3):38-41(in Chinese))
26 Aquino RER,Tamura Y.Structural damping estimation using a simple equation based on the equivalent viscous damping concept.Procedia Engineering,2017,199:495-500
27王勖成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社,2003(Wang Xucheng.Finite Element Method.Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2003(in Chinese))
28 MSC.Nastran Advanced Dynamic Analysis User’s Guide.Santa Ana.CA 92707 USA:MSC.Software Corporation,2004
29李青,韩增尧,马兴瑞.航天器贮箱液固耦合振动特性的仿真与试验研究.宇航学报,2014,35(11):1233-1237(Li Qing,Hang Zengyao,Ma Xingrui.Simulation and experimental research on fliud-structure-interaction dynamics of tank in spacecrafts.Journal of Astronautics,2014,35(11):1233-1237(in Chinese))