湛江口岸进出口水产品的放射性监测分析
|
摘要
目的应用NaI(Tl)低本底γ谱仪和高纯锗γ谱仪监测水产品中放射性核素的方法对湛江口岸进出口水产品中的核污染情况进行监测。方法采用3种方法分别得到样品中131I、134Cs、137Cs 3种核素的比活度,并对待测样品进行特定时期监控。方法 1:样品烘干、切片直接进样到Na I(Tl)低本底γ谱仪;方法 2:样品烘干、经微波灰化系统灰化后进样到NaI(Tl)低本底γ谱仪;方法 3:样品烘干、经微波灰化后进样到高纯锗γ谱仪。结果方法 1监测2011~2013年自日本进口的19批水产品,其监测结果均在检测限以下(检测限均为10 Bq/kg);方法 2监测2014年自日本进口5批次水产品,其监测结果均在检测限以下(检测限均为0.5 Bq/kg);方法 3监测2015年进出口水产品共13批次,其监测结果与本底值相当(~(131)I、~(134)Cs、~(137)Cs空白本底值为3 mBq/kg)。结论利用微波灰化进样到高纯锗γ谱仪对水产品3种核素的检测效果最好。通过对湛江口岸近5年来进出口水产品放射性核素的监测分析,尚未发现受放射性核素污染的水产品。
Objective To monitor the radionuclide pollution situation in aquatic products imported and exported by Zhanjiang port by NaI(Tl) low background γ spectrometer and HPGe γ spectroscopy instrument. Methods The specific activities of 3 kinds of radionuclides including ~(131)I, ~(134)Cs and ~(137)Cs in samples were determined by 3 kinds of detection methods, and samples were monitored during a particular period. The first method was as follows: samples were dried, sliced and directly injected into NaI(Tl) low background γ spectrometer; the second method was as follows: samples were dried, and processed by microwave ashing system and then injected into NaI(Tl) low background γ spectrometer; the third method was as follows: samples were dried and processed by microwave ashing system and then injected into HPGe γ spectroscopy instrument. Results The monitoring results of 19 batches of aquatic products imported from Japan in 2011~2013 by the first method were below the detection limit of 10 Bq/kg. The monitoring results of 5 batches of aquatic products imported from Japan in 2014 by the second method were below the detection limit of 0.5 Bq/kg. The monitoring results of 13 batches of aquatic products in 2015 by the third method were equivalent to the background value of 3 mBq/kg. Conclusion The detection effect of 3 kinds of radionuclides by using microwave ashing sample and HPGe γ spectrometer was the best. Import and export of aquatic products have not yet appeared nuclear pollution phenomenon in Zhanjiang port in recent 5 years.
Objective To monitor the radionuclide pollution situation in aquatic products imported and exported by Zhanjiang port by NaI(Tl) low background γ spectrometer and HPGe γ spectroscopy instrument. Methods The specific activities of 3 kinds of radionuclides including ~(131)I, ~(134)Cs and ~(137)Cs in samples were determined by 3 kinds of detection methods, and samples were monitored during a particular period. The first method was as follows: samples were dried, sliced and directly injected into NaI(Tl) low background γ spectrometer; the second method was as follows: samples were dried, and processed by microwave ashing system and then injected into NaI(Tl) low background γ spectrometer; the third method was as follows: samples were dried and processed by microwave ashing system and then injected into HPGe γ spectroscopy instrument. Results The monitoring results of 19 batches of aquatic products imported from Japan in 2011~2013 by the first method were below the detection limit of 10 Bq/kg. The monitoring results of 5 batches of aquatic products imported from Japan in 2014 by the second method were below the detection limit of 0.5 Bq/kg. The monitoring results of 13 batches of aquatic products in 2015 by the third method were equivalent to the background value of 3 mBq/kg. Conclusion The detection effect of 3 kinds of radionuclides by using microwave ashing sample and HPGe γ spectrometer was the best. Import and export of aquatic products have not yet appeared nuclear pollution phenomenon in Zhanjiang port in recent 5 years.
引文
[1]欧安,李红权,蒋方军,等.湛江出口水产品质量安全现状及监管对策研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2013,4(5):1596?1600.Ou A,Li HQ,Jiang FJ,et al.Study on the quality and safety status and supervision countermeasures of export aquatic products in Zhanjiang[J].J Food Saf Qual,2013,4(5):1596?1600.
[2]陈文,李红权,欧安,等.健全我国进口水产品检验检疫管理体系的研究与思考[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2015,6(11):4558?4564.Chen W,Li HQ,Ou A,et al.Research and reflection on improvement of inspection and quarantine of imported aquatic management system[J].J Food Saf Qual,2015,6(11):4558?4564.
[3]杨劲,李红权,欧安,等.基于风险管理的进口水产品动态抽批检验监管模式探索[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(3):1304?1311.Ya J,Li HQ,Ou A,et al.Research of imported aquatic products dynamic lot inspection supervision mode based on the risk management[J].J Food Saf Qual,2016,7(3):1304?1311.
[4]王蕾,郑国栋,赵顺平,等.日本福岛核事故对我国大陆环境影响[J].辐射防护,2012,32(6):325?335.Wang L,Zheng GD,Zhao SP,et al.Impact of Fukushima nuclear accident to China’s mainland environment[J].Radiat Protect,2012,32(6):325?335.
[5]盛黎,周斌,孙明华,等.日本福岛核事故对我国辐射环境影响的监测与分析[J].气象,2014,39(11):1490?1499.Sheng L,Zhou B,Sun MH,et al.Atmospheric radioactive fallout in china due to the Fukushima nuclear plant accident[J].Meteorol Monthly,2014,39(11):1490?1499.
[6]帅震清,赵强,庞荣华,等.日本福岛核事故对四川省辐射环境影响[J].四川环境,2016,35(1):92?97.Shuai ZQ,Zhao Q,Pang RH,et al.Impact of Japan’s Fukushima Nuclear Accident on the radiation environment of Sichuan Province[J].Sichuan Environ,2014,39(11):1490?1499.
[7]娄云,万玲,马永忠,等.日本福岛核事故所致北京地区放射性污染的监测与分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2012,32(2):129?132.Lou Y,Wan L,Ma YZ,et al.Monitoring and analysis of radioactive contamination in Beijing area caused by Japan's Fukushima nuclear accident[J].Chin J Radiat Med Protect,2012,32(2):129?132.
[8]孟庆华,李慧娟,娄云,等.日本福岛核事故后北京地区食品放射性污染的监测与分析[J].职业与健康,2013,29(16):1981?1983.Meng QH,Li HJ,Lou Y,et al.Monitoring and analysis of food radioactive contamination in Beijing region after the Fukushima nuclear accident[J].Occup Health,2013,29(16):1981?1983.
[9]王赟,邬家龙,孙卫,等.日本福岛核事故对兰州地区食品和水放射性污染的监测与分析[J].卫生职业教育,2013,31(11):117?118.Wang Y,Wu JL,Sun W,et al.Monitoring and analysis of radioactive contamination of food and water in Japan's Fukushima nuclear accident in Lanzhou[J].Health Vocat Edu,2013,31(11):117?118.
[10]奚星林,陆地,吴宏中,等.广州市售婴幼儿奶粉减钾总β放射性比活度分析[J].中国辐射卫生,2013,22(3):289?291.Xi XL,Lu D,Wu HZ,et al.Analysis of excluding k grossβradioactivity in milk for infants saled in Guangzhou[J].Chin J Radiol Health,2013,22(3):289?291.
[11]杨振宇,李颛,沈晋超.减钾总β测量法快速检测核事故后进口食品放射性污染[J].中国辐射卫生,2014,23(1):86?88.Yang ZY,Li Z,Shen JC.Rapid detect the radioactive pollution in import food after nuclear accident used by excluding k grossβmethod[J].Chin J Radiol Health,2014,23(1):86?88.
[12]李宾,周德庆,陆地,等.高纯锗γ谱仪监测进出口水产品核污染的应用研究[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(10):1735?1739.Li B,Zhou DQ,Lu D,et al.Application research of high purity germanium(HPGe)gamma-ray spectrometer in nuclear pollution of import and export aquatic products[J].J Southern Agric,2013,44(10):1735?1739.
[13]刘华,赵顺平,梁梅燕,等.我国辐射环境的监测的回顾与展望[J].辐射防护,2008,28(6):362?391.Liu H,Zhao SP,Liang MY,et al.Review and prospect of environmental radiation monitoring in china[J].Radiat Protect,2008,28(6):362?391.
[14]GB/T 16145-1995生物样品中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法[S].GB/T 16145-1995 Gamma spectrometry method of analyzing radionuclide in biological samples[S].
[15]唐孝威,张天保,李耀清.用高纯锗夕谱仪测量和分析连续γ射线能谱的方法[J].核电子学与探测技术,1988,8(3):129?134.Tang XW,Zhang TB,Li YQ.A method of measuring and analyzing the continuous gamma ray spectra by high purity Ge spectrometer[J].Nucl Electron Diction Technol,1988,8(3):129?134.
[16]陈劲松,杨浩,杨本俊,等.样品厚度对高纯锗γ谱仪探测效率的影响[J].核技术,2011,34(9):683?688.Chen JS,Yang H,Yang BJ,et al.Sample thickness effect on detection efficiency of HPGeγspectrometer[J].Nucl Tech,2011,34(9):683?688.
[17]《放射性分析手册》(第二版)翻译组.放射性分析手册(第二版)翻译版[M].北京:原子能出版社,2006.Translation group of handbook of radioactivity analysis(second edition).Handbook of radioactivity analysis(second edition)Translation edition[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,2006.
[18]GB 14883.10-1994食品中放射性物质检验铯-137的测定[S].GB 14883.10-1994 Examination of radioactive materials for foods-Determination of cesium-137[S].
[19]GB 14883.9-1994食品中放射性物质检验碘-131的测定[S].GB 14883.10-1994 Examination of radioactive materials for foods-Determination of iodin-131[S].
[20]GB 14882-1994食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准[S].GB 14882-1994 Limited concentrations of radioactive materials in foods[S].
[21]IAEA Safety Standards.General Safety Guide No.GSG-2[S].
[22]部分国家或地区福岛事故后对日本输入食品的放射性浓度限制基准[EB/OL].(2012-7-25).http://www.tbt-sps.gov.cn/tbt Tbcx/get List.action[2015-12-30].The standard of radioactive concentration limit for imported food after the Fukushima accident in Japan[EB/OL].(2012-7-25).http://www.tbt-sps.gov.cn/tbt Tbcx/get List.action[2015-12-30].
[2]陈文,李红权,欧安,等.健全我国进口水产品检验检疫管理体系的研究与思考[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2015,6(11):4558?4564.Chen W,Li HQ,Ou A,et al.Research and reflection on improvement of inspection and quarantine of imported aquatic management system[J].J Food Saf Qual,2015,6(11):4558?4564.
[3]杨劲,李红权,欧安,等.基于风险管理的进口水产品动态抽批检验监管模式探索[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2016,7(3):1304?1311.Ya J,Li HQ,Ou A,et al.Research of imported aquatic products dynamic lot inspection supervision mode based on the risk management[J].J Food Saf Qual,2016,7(3):1304?1311.
[4]王蕾,郑国栋,赵顺平,等.日本福岛核事故对我国大陆环境影响[J].辐射防护,2012,32(6):325?335.Wang L,Zheng GD,Zhao SP,et al.Impact of Fukushima nuclear accident to China’s mainland environment[J].Radiat Protect,2012,32(6):325?335.
[5]盛黎,周斌,孙明华,等.日本福岛核事故对我国辐射环境影响的监测与分析[J].气象,2014,39(11):1490?1499.Sheng L,Zhou B,Sun MH,et al.Atmospheric radioactive fallout in china due to the Fukushima nuclear plant accident[J].Meteorol Monthly,2014,39(11):1490?1499.
[6]帅震清,赵强,庞荣华,等.日本福岛核事故对四川省辐射环境影响[J].四川环境,2016,35(1):92?97.Shuai ZQ,Zhao Q,Pang RH,et al.Impact of Japan’s Fukushima Nuclear Accident on the radiation environment of Sichuan Province[J].Sichuan Environ,2014,39(11):1490?1499.
[7]娄云,万玲,马永忠,等.日本福岛核事故所致北京地区放射性污染的监测与分析[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2012,32(2):129?132.Lou Y,Wan L,Ma YZ,et al.Monitoring and analysis of radioactive contamination in Beijing area caused by Japan's Fukushima nuclear accident[J].Chin J Radiat Med Protect,2012,32(2):129?132.
[8]孟庆华,李慧娟,娄云,等.日本福岛核事故后北京地区食品放射性污染的监测与分析[J].职业与健康,2013,29(16):1981?1983.Meng QH,Li HJ,Lou Y,et al.Monitoring and analysis of food radioactive contamination in Beijing region after the Fukushima nuclear accident[J].Occup Health,2013,29(16):1981?1983.
[9]王赟,邬家龙,孙卫,等.日本福岛核事故对兰州地区食品和水放射性污染的监测与分析[J].卫生职业教育,2013,31(11):117?118.Wang Y,Wu JL,Sun W,et al.Monitoring and analysis of radioactive contamination of food and water in Japan's Fukushima nuclear accident in Lanzhou[J].Health Vocat Edu,2013,31(11):117?118.
[10]奚星林,陆地,吴宏中,等.广州市售婴幼儿奶粉减钾总β放射性比活度分析[J].中国辐射卫生,2013,22(3):289?291.Xi XL,Lu D,Wu HZ,et al.Analysis of excluding k grossβradioactivity in milk for infants saled in Guangzhou[J].Chin J Radiol Health,2013,22(3):289?291.
[11]杨振宇,李颛,沈晋超.减钾总β测量法快速检测核事故后进口食品放射性污染[J].中国辐射卫生,2014,23(1):86?88.Yang ZY,Li Z,Shen JC.Rapid detect the radioactive pollution in import food after nuclear accident used by excluding k grossβmethod[J].Chin J Radiol Health,2014,23(1):86?88.
[12]李宾,周德庆,陆地,等.高纯锗γ谱仪监测进出口水产品核污染的应用研究[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(10):1735?1739.Li B,Zhou DQ,Lu D,et al.Application research of high purity germanium(HPGe)gamma-ray spectrometer in nuclear pollution of import and export aquatic products[J].J Southern Agric,2013,44(10):1735?1739.
[13]刘华,赵顺平,梁梅燕,等.我国辐射环境的监测的回顾与展望[J].辐射防护,2008,28(6):362?391.Liu H,Zhao SP,Liang MY,et al.Review and prospect of environmental radiation monitoring in china[J].Radiat Protect,2008,28(6):362?391.
[14]GB/T 16145-1995生物样品中放射性核素的γ能谱分析方法[S].GB/T 16145-1995 Gamma spectrometry method of analyzing radionuclide in biological samples[S].
[15]唐孝威,张天保,李耀清.用高纯锗夕谱仪测量和分析连续γ射线能谱的方法[J].核电子学与探测技术,1988,8(3):129?134.Tang XW,Zhang TB,Li YQ.A method of measuring and analyzing the continuous gamma ray spectra by high purity Ge spectrometer[J].Nucl Electron Diction Technol,1988,8(3):129?134.
[16]陈劲松,杨浩,杨本俊,等.样品厚度对高纯锗γ谱仪探测效率的影响[J].核技术,2011,34(9):683?688.Chen JS,Yang H,Yang BJ,et al.Sample thickness effect on detection efficiency of HPGeγspectrometer[J].Nucl Tech,2011,34(9):683?688.
[17]《放射性分析手册》(第二版)翻译组.放射性分析手册(第二版)翻译版[M].北京:原子能出版社,2006.Translation group of handbook of radioactivity analysis(second edition).Handbook of radioactivity analysis(second edition)Translation edition[M].Beijing:Atomic Energy Press,2006.
[18]GB 14883.10-1994食品中放射性物质检验铯-137的测定[S].GB 14883.10-1994 Examination of radioactive materials for foods-Determination of cesium-137[S].
[19]GB 14883.9-1994食品中放射性物质检验碘-131的测定[S].GB 14883.10-1994 Examination of radioactive materials for foods-Determination of iodin-131[S].
[20]GB 14882-1994食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准[S].GB 14882-1994 Limited concentrations of radioactive materials in foods[S].
[21]IAEA Safety Standards.General Safety Guide No.GSG-2[S].
[22]部分国家或地区福岛事故后对日本输入食品的放射性浓度限制基准[EB/OL].(2012-7-25).http://www.tbt-sps.gov.cn/tbt Tbcx/get List.action[2015-12-30].The standard of radioactive concentration limit for imported food after the Fukushima accident in Japan[EB/OL].(2012-7-25).http://www.tbt-sps.gov.cn/tbt Tbcx/get List.action[2015-12-30].