平衡施肥对油用牡丹生长与种子产量的影响
|
摘要
【目的】探明平衡施肥对油用牡丹‘凤丹’生长与种子产量的影响,建立平衡施肥对油用牡丹种子产量的函数模型,模拟出油用牡丹‘凤丹’的氮磷钾施肥最佳方案.【方法】采用"311-A"拟饱和最优回归设计,研究氮、磷、钾不同配比施肥处理对油用牡丹生长与种子产量的影响,建立油用牡丹种子产量的氮、磷、钾平衡施肥效应函数模型.【结果】氮、磷、钾3种肥料配施能够有效促进牡丹植株新生枝条生长、叶片增大,并促进株高、新梢条数、花直径、花高度与单株花数增加,有效增强植株的生长势.油用牡丹种子产量与氮、磷、钾施肥量的编码值之间存在显著的回归关系,并具有高度相关关系.施肥处理的种子产量显著高于对照,氮、磷、钾三因素、两因素配施对油用牡丹的生长指标和种子产量均具有显著的影响作用,氮、磷、钾肥对种子产量的影响作用大小顺序为钾肥>氮肥>磷肥.【结论】通过建立模型寻优获得最高种子产量对应的氮、磷、钾最优施肥组合为N 522.24kg/hm2,P_2O_5186.40kg/hm2,K_2O 190.92kg/hm~2,拟合的种子产量最大值为1 971.43kg/hm~2.
【Objective】This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of N,P,K balanced fertilization on growth and seed yield of Paeonia ostii cv.Fengdan and to find out the optimum fertilization regime.【Method】The method of‘311-A’optimum regression design was used to establish the function model for N,P,K fertilizer effect.【Result】The results showed that the combined application of N,P and K fertilizers could effectively promote the growth of new shoots and leaves,and promote plant height,shoot number,flower diameter,flower height and flower number per plant,which effectively enhanced plant growth potential.There were significant regression and relative relations between seed yield and the application amount of N,P,K fertilizers.Seed yields in all fertilization treatments were higher than the control.Combined application of N,P and K fertilizers had a significant influence on seed yield,and the effect order of N,P and K fertilizers was K>N>P.【Conclusion】The optimum fertilization combination(N 522.24kg/hm~2,P_2O_5186.40kg/hm~2,K_2O 190.92kg/hm~2)was obtained through the optimization of N,P and K response function,and the fitting highest seed yield was 1 971.43kg/hm~2.
【Objective】This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of N,P,K balanced fertilization on growth and seed yield of Paeonia ostii cv.Fengdan and to find out the optimum fertilization regime.【Method】The method of‘311-A’optimum regression design was used to establish the function model for N,P,K fertilizer effect.【Result】The results showed that the combined application of N,P and K fertilizers could effectively promote the growth of new shoots and leaves,and promote plant height,shoot number,flower diameter,flower height and flower number per plant,which effectively enhanced plant growth potential.There were significant regression and relative relations between seed yield and the application amount of N,P,K fertilizers.Seed yields in all fertilization treatments were higher than the control.Combined application of N,P and K fertilizers had a significant influence on seed yield,and the effect order of N,P and K fertilizers was K>N>P.【Conclusion】The optimum fertilization combination(N 522.24kg/hm~2,P_2O_5186.40kg/hm~2,K_2O 190.92kg/hm~2)was obtained through the optimization of N,P and K response function,and the fitting highest seed yield was 1 971.43kg/hm~2.
引文
[1]史国安,焦封喜,焦元鹏,等.中国油用牡丹的发展前景及对策[J].中国粮油学报,2014,29(9):124-128.
[2] Li S S,Wang L S,Shu Q Y,et al.Fatty acid composition of developing tree peony(Paeonia section Moutan DC.)seeds and transcriptome analysis during seed development[J].BMC Genomics,2015,16:208-222.
[3]魏冬峰,张利霞,常青山,等.氮磷钾平衡施肥对凤丹光合特性的影响[J].核农学报.2016,30(11):2265-2273.
[4]姜天华,单佩佩,黄在范,等.施用氮肥对油用牡丹叶片氮素吸收积累与籽粒品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3257-3263.
[5]姜天华,温立柱,郭芸珲,等.生物炭与氮肥配施对牡丹叶片氮素营养和籽粒品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(9):2939-2946.
[6]单佩佩.牡丹体内外磷循环和根际微生物种群构成对外源磷素的响应[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[7]李敏.油用牡丹光合特性研究和"3414"肥效试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[8]朱丹,刘芳,吴三林,等.氮磷钾不同施用量对"凤丹"牡丹产量的影响[J].乐山师范学院学报,2016,31(12):43-48.
[9]李光庆,谢祝捷,姚雪琴.花椰菜氮磷钾平衡施肥和阶段施氮效应函数的建立及在配方施肥中的应用[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(10):2070-2080.
[10]赵燕,王辉,李吉跃,等.氮、磷、钾对毛白杨无性系苗木生物量的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):129-135.
[11]林昌华,白由路,罗国安,等.氮、磷、钾肥对大葱商品性状及其产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(3):649-655.
[12]李齐向,刘连生,陈由禹,等.利用311-A最优回归设计研究密度和氮钾肥配施对生姜产量的影响[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(2):157-159.
[13]罗凤来.氮磷钾平衡施用对大葱产量和品质的影响研究[J].福建农业学报,2006,21(4):393-397.
[14]蔡开地.结球甘蓝平衡施用氮磷钾肥效应研究[J].植物营养与肥科学报,2004,10(1):73-77.
[15]蔡开地.茎用莴苣氮磷钾肥最优回归试验初报[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(1):126-128.
[16]王兴仁,张福锁.现代肥料试验设计[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.
[17]杜少平,马忠明,薛亮.氮磷钾配施对砂田西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):468-475.
[18]王秀康,李占斌,邢英英.覆膜和施肥对玉米产量和土壤温度、硝态氮分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):884-897.
[19]魏冬峰,马慧丽,张利霞,等.牡丹植株矿质营养年周期变化规律的研究[J].北方园艺,2015(12):66-70.
[20]张国荣,李菊梅,徐明岗,等.长期不同施肥对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):543-551.
[21]石斌.不同库源关系对油茶光合作用及同化物分配的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2015.
[22]闫志利,孙建军,高俊山,等.旱地油用亚麻氮磷钾平衡施肥指标体系研究[J].中国麻业科学,2012,34(1):1-6.
[23]赵欣楠.施钾对兰州百合生长特性和品质的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[24]宋春凤.氮磷钾对芋生长发育及生理特性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2004.
[25]崔菁菁,徐克章,石晶皎,等.不同水稻品种库源的特征变化[J].植物学报,2015,50(6):699-705.
[26] Dordas C A.Variation of physiological determinants of yield in linseed in response to nitrogen fertilization[J].Industrial Crops and Products.2010,31(3):455-465.
[27]贾海滨,闫志利,牛俊义,等.施氮量对胡麻干物质积累分配及产量的影响[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2013,27(4):25-31.
[28]崔政军,吴兵,令鹏,等.氮磷配施对旱地油用亚麻氮素积累分配及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(5):68-74.
[29]王贺正,张均,吴金芝,等.不同氮素水平对小麦旗叶生理特性和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):69-75.
[30] Lickfett T,Matthaus B,Velasco L,et al.Seed yield,oil and phytate concentration in the seeds of two oilseed rape cultivars as affected by diferent phosphorus supply[J].European Journal of Agronomy,1999,11(3/4):293-299.
[31]郑亚萍,信彩云,王才斌,等.磷肥对花生根系形态、生理特性及产量的影响[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(8):777-785.
[32]谢亚萍,闫志利,李爱荣,等.施磷量对胡麻干物质积累及磷素利用效率的影响[J].核农学报,2013,27(10):1581-1587.
[33]黄伟,张晓光,李文杰,等.施用钾肥对食用百合光合作用、产量和经济效益的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):163-167.
[34]高慧,孙春香.不同钾水平对番茄幼苗生长的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2007,24(8):54-55.
[35]罗照霞,杨志奇,俄胜哲.长期施肥对冬小麦产量、养分吸收利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(4):1-7.
[36] Chrysargyris A,Panayiotou C,Tzortzakis N.Nitrogen and phosphorus levels affected plant growth,essential oil composition and antioxidant status of lavender plant(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)[J].Industrial Crops and Products.2016,83:577-586.
[37]谢亚萍,安惠惠,牛俊义,等.氮磷对油用亚麻茎叶中生理指标及产量构成因子的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(4):476-482.
[38]孙小花,谢亚萍,牛俊义,等.不同供钾水平对胡麻花后干物质转运分配及钾肥利用效率的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(1):192-201.
[2] Li S S,Wang L S,Shu Q Y,et al.Fatty acid composition of developing tree peony(Paeonia section Moutan DC.)seeds and transcriptome analysis during seed development[J].BMC Genomics,2015,16:208-222.
[3]魏冬峰,张利霞,常青山,等.氮磷钾平衡施肥对凤丹光合特性的影响[J].核农学报.2016,30(11):2265-2273.
[4]姜天华,单佩佩,黄在范,等.施用氮肥对油用牡丹叶片氮素吸收积累与籽粒品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3257-3263.
[5]姜天华,温立柱,郭芸珲,等.生物炭与氮肥配施对牡丹叶片氮素营养和籽粒品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(9):2939-2946.
[6]单佩佩.牡丹体内外磷循环和根际微生物种群构成对外源磷素的响应[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[7]李敏.油用牡丹光合特性研究和"3414"肥效试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[8]朱丹,刘芳,吴三林,等.氮磷钾不同施用量对"凤丹"牡丹产量的影响[J].乐山师范学院学报,2016,31(12):43-48.
[9]李光庆,谢祝捷,姚雪琴.花椰菜氮磷钾平衡施肥和阶段施氮效应函数的建立及在配方施肥中的应用[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(10):2070-2080.
[10]赵燕,王辉,李吉跃,等.氮、磷、钾对毛白杨无性系苗木生物量的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2014,29(3):129-135.
[11]林昌华,白由路,罗国安,等.氮、磷、钾肥对大葱商品性状及其产量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2009,15(3):649-655.
[12]李齐向,刘连生,陈由禹,等.利用311-A最优回归设计研究密度和氮钾肥配施对生姜产量的影响[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(2):157-159.
[13]罗凤来.氮磷钾平衡施用对大葱产量和品质的影响研究[J].福建农业学报,2006,21(4):393-397.
[14]蔡开地.结球甘蓝平衡施用氮磷钾肥效应研究[J].植物营养与肥科学报,2004,10(1):73-77.
[15]蔡开地.茎用莴苣氮磷钾肥最优回归试验初报[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(1):126-128.
[16]王兴仁,张福锁.现代肥料试验设计[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1996.
[17]杜少平,马忠明,薛亮.氮磷钾配施对砂田西瓜产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):468-475.
[18]王秀康,李占斌,邢英英.覆膜和施肥对玉米产量和土壤温度、硝态氮分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):884-897.
[19]魏冬峰,马慧丽,张利霞,等.牡丹植株矿质营养年周期变化规律的研究[J].北方园艺,2015(12):66-70.
[20]张国荣,李菊梅,徐明岗,等.长期不同施肥对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):543-551.
[21]石斌.不同库源关系对油茶光合作用及同化物分配的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2015.
[22]闫志利,孙建军,高俊山,等.旱地油用亚麻氮磷钾平衡施肥指标体系研究[J].中国麻业科学,2012,34(1):1-6.
[23]赵欣楠.施钾对兰州百合生长特性和品质的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2008.
[24]宋春凤.氮磷钾对芋生长发育及生理特性的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2004.
[25]崔菁菁,徐克章,石晶皎,等.不同水稻品种库源的特征变化[J].植物学报,2015,50(6):699-705.
[26] Dordas C A.Variation of physiological determinants of yield in linseed in response to nitrogen fertilization[J].Industrial Crops and Products.2010,31(3):455-465.
[27]贾海滨,闫志利,牛俊义,等.施氮量对胡麻干物质积累分配及产量的影响[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2013,27(4):25-31.
[28]崔政军,吴兵,令鹏,等.氮磷配施对旱地油用亚麻氮素积累分配及产量的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(5):68-74.
[29]王贺正,张均,吴金芝,等.不同氮素水平对小麦旗叶生理特性和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):69-75.
[30] Lickfett T,Matthaus B,Velasco L,et al.Seed yield,oil and phytate concentration in the seeds of two oilseed rape cultivars as affected by diferent phosphorus supply[J].European Journal of Agronomy,1999,11(3/4):293-299.
[31]郑亚萍,信彩云,王才斌,等.磷肥对花生根系形态、生理特性及产量的影响[J].植物生态学报,2013,37(8):777-785.
[32]谢亚萍,闫志利,李爱荣,等.施磷量对胡麻干物质积累及磷素利用效率的影响[J].核农学报,2013,27(10):1581-1587.
[33]黄伟,张晓光,李文杰,等.施用钾肥对食用百合光合作用、产量和经济效益的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):163-167.
[34]高慧,孙春香.不同钾水平对番茄幼苗生长的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2007,24(8):54-55.
[35]罗照霞,杨志奇,俄胜哲.长期施肥对冬小麦产量、养分吸收利用的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(4):1-7.
[36] Chrysargyris A,Panayiotou C,Tzortzakis N.Nitrogen and phosphorus levels affected plant growth,essential oil composition and antioxidant status of lavender plant(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.)[J].Industrial Crops and Products.2016,83:577-586.
[37]谢亚萍,安惠惠,牛俊义,等.氮磷对油用亚麻茎叶中生理指标及产量构成因子的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(4):476-482.
[38]孙小花,谢亚萍,牛俊义,等.不同供钾水平对胡麻花后干物质转运分配及钾肥利用效率的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(1):192-201.