木塑复合材料在工业产品中的应用及研究进展
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摘要
对木塑复合材料的组成及生产加工工艺进行了综述,介绍了木塑复合材料改性的种类和进展。通过添加阻燃抑烟剂、改性木质材料和使用防护涂层对木塑复合材料进行阻燃抑烟改性,显著提高了木塑复合材料的阻燃性能;利用化学改性、物理改性和添加辅助试剂的方法实现木塑复合材料的界面改性和增强改性,增强材料间的界面相容性和机械强度,拓宽了木塑复合材料的应用范围;通过添加抗菌试剂、表面抗菌改性、添加填充剂或基质处理的方法,显著增强了木塑复合材料抗菌、耐老化及耐候性能。最后,概括了木塑复合材料在建筑、家具和汽车等领域的应用。
This paper reviews the compositions and preparation technologies of wood-plastic composite materials as well as modification types and progresses of the materials. The flame and smoke retardant properties of the composite materials can be improved significantly by adding flame retardants,smoke suppressants,modified wood materials and protective coatings. The interface and reinforced modification of the composite materials are realized by chemical modification,physical modification and addition of auxiliary reagents,which enhances the interfacial compatibility and mechanical strength of the materials,thus broadening the application scope of wood-plastic composite materials. The anti-bacterial,anti-aging and anti-weathering properties of wood-plastic composite materials are improved by adding anti-bacterial agents or filler,or by surface antibacterial modification or matrix treatment. The application of wood-plastic composite materials in construction,furniture and automobile is described.
This paper reviews the compositions and preparation technologies of wood-plastic composite materials as well as modification types and progresses of the materials. The flame and smoke retardant properties of the composite materials can be improved significantly by adding flame retardants,smoke suppressants,modified wood materials and protective coatings. The interface and reinforced modification of the composite materials are realized by chemical modification,physical modification and addition of auxiliary reagents,which enhances the interfacial compatibility and mechanical strength of the materials,thus broadening the application scope of wood-plastic composite materials. The anti-bacterial,anti-aging and anti-weathering properties of wood-plastic composite materials are improved by adding anti-bacterial agents or filler,or by surface antibacterial modification or matrix treatment. The application of wood-plastic composite materials in construction,furniture and automobile is described.
引文
[1]谭林朋,袁光明,牟明明.木塑复合材料增强改性研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2018,46(6):23-26.
[2]刘昊,许宏武,刘宛宜,等.木塑复合材料用增容剂研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2015,43(5):149-152.
[3]Markarian J.Wood-plastic composites:current trends in materials and processing[J].Plast Addit Compd,2005,7(5):20-26.
[4]杨尚毅,李志君,叶世荣,等.PP/废弃椰壳粉复合材料的增容改性研究[J].塑料科技,2014,42(2):45-48.
[5]张求慧.新型木塑复合材料研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2014,42(2):6-8.
[6]吴波,齐暑华,王鑫.聚氯乙烯/木粉复合材料研究进展[J].中国塑料,2010,24(6):6-12.
[7]杨玲玲,李慧,钟志有.聚丙烯基木塑复合材料力学性能的研究[J].塑料科技,2010,38(2):36-39.
[8]肖建平,岑兰,陈福林,等.相容剂对HDPE基木塑复合材料性能的影响[J].合成树脂及塑料,2014,31(2):42-45.
[9]梁爽,梁兵.增容剂对聚丙烯基木塑复合材料性能影响研究[J].化工新型材料,2017,45(7):144-146.
[10]陈兴华.木塑复合材料挤出成型研究进展[J].应用化工,2011,40(6):1092-1094;1099.
[11]王超,何继敏.木塑复合材料注射成型的研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2008,36(6):81-84.
[12]曹岩,王伟宏,王海刚,等.制备方法对木塑复合材料弯曲性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2013,30(S1):311-314.
[13]李东方,李黎,李建章.挤出温度和螺杆转速对木塑制品外观性能的影响[J].木材加工机械,2012,23(5):19-21.
[14]肖亚航,傅敏士.木粉/ABS复合材料的热压成型工艺研究[J].塑料工业,2004,32(12):58-60.
[15]张佳瑶,徐肖娅,李晓林,等.抗菌剂与抗菌木塑复合材料的研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2015,43(12):123-126.
[16]杨守禄,罗莎,章磊,等.木塑复合材料功能化改性研究进展[J].材料导报,2018,32(17):3090-3098.
[17]Prabhakar M N,Shah A R,Song J I.Improved flame-retardant and tensile properties of thermoplastic starch/flax fabric green composites[J].Carbohydr Polym,2017,168(3):201-211.
[18]董珂,郭垂根,陈永祥.硅硼复配对木塑复合材料阻燃协效作用的研究[J].化工新型材料,2016,44(6):66-68.
[19]Baysal E,Yalinkilic M K,Altinok M,et al.Some physical,wood polymer biological,mechanical,and fire properties of composite(WPC)pretreated with boric acid and borax mixture[J].Constr Build Mater,2007,21(9):1879-1885.
[20]曹金星,张玲,张云灿.木塑复合材料界面改性方法研究进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2016,32(8):171-176.
[21]Rojo E,Alonso M V,Oliet M,et al.Effect of fiber loading on the properties of treated cellulose fiber-reinforced phenolic composites[J].Composites,Part B,2015,68(8):185-192.
[22]Ayrilmis N,Jarusombuti S,Fueangvivat V,et al.Effect of thermal-treatment of wood fibres on properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2011,96(5):818-822.
[23]李虹昆,王翠娜,吴琼,等.马来酸酐接枝ABS对木粉/ABS复合材料性能的影响[J].高分子通报,2018(2):53-58.
[24]路琴,杨明.天然植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料研究进展[J].中国塑料,2014,28(11):1-6.
[25]栗越,张京发,易顺民,等.改性芳纶纤维增强木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(12):1-9.
[26]Bengtsson M,Oksman K.The use of silane technology in crosslinking polyethylene/wood flour composites[J].Composites,Part A,2006,37(5):752-765.
[27]余旺旺,曹云萍,薛东,等.纳米载银抗菌剂对木塑复合材料的抗菌效果分析[J].塑料科技,2013,41(2):92-95.
[28]毕永豹,杨兆哲,许民.熔融沉积成型PLA/麦秸粉复合材料的抗老化性能[J].合成树脂及塑料,2017,34(6):34-38;42.
[29]李影,刘建中,张洋,等.PVC基木塑复合材料抗老化性能研究[J].工程塑料应用,2014,42(6):79-82.
[30]张磊,杨星星,李召,等.木塑复合材料的应用进展[J].化工技术与开发,2018,47(6):39-41.
[31]王焱,唐杰,王东炜,等.复合阻燃型PE-HD/竹粉木塑复合建筑模板料制备[J].工程塑料应用,2018,46(6):20-24.
[32]张琳,徐冬梅,滕梦莹.建筑用聚丙烯基木塑复合材料耐水性能研究[J].塑料科技,2016,44(10):57-61.
[33]刘鹏刚,李晓东,吴荣兴,等.家具用PP基木塑复合材料的制备与力学性能[J].工程塑料应用,2018,46(4):32-36.
[34]桐乡市美意家具有限公司.一种木塑家具材料及其制备方法:中国,201610734658.4[P].2016-08-28.
[35]安徽红树林新材料科技有限公司.用于汽车车厢板的新型绿色环保节能木塑复合板材及其制备方法:中国,201210118336.9[P].2012-04-23.
[36]滁州亿扬零部件制造有限公司.一种汽车零部件的木塑复合材料:中国,201711346642.7[P].2017-12-15.
[2]刘昊,许宏武,刘宛宜,等.木塑复合材料用增容剂研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2015,43(5):149-152.
[3]Markarian J.Wood-plastic composites:current trends in materials and processing[J].Plast Addit Compd,2005,7(5):20-26.
[4]杨尚毅,李志君,叶世荣,等.PP/废弃椰壳粉复合材料的增容改性研究[J].塑料科技,2014,42(2):45-48.
[5]张求慧.新型木塑复合材料研究进展[J].化工新型材料,2014,42(2):6-8.
[6]吴波,齐暑华,王鑫.聚氯乙烯/木粉复合材料研究进展[J].中国塑料,2010,24(6):6-12.
[7]杨玲玲,李慧,钟志有.聚丙烯基木塑复合材料力学性能的研究[J].塑料科技,2010,38(2):36-39.
[8]肖建平,岑兰,陈福林,等.相容剂对HDPE基木塑复合材料性能的影响[J].合成树脂及塑料,2014,31(2):42-45.
[9]梁爽,梁兵.增容剂对聚丙烯基木塑复合材料性能影响研究[J].化工新型材料,2017,45(7):144-146.
[10]陈兴华.木塑复合材料挤出成型研究进展[J].应用化工,2011,40(6):1092-1094;1099.
[11]王超,何继敏.木塑复合材料注射成型的研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2008,36(6):81-84.
[12]曹岩,王伟宏,王海刚,等.制备方法对木塑复合材料弯曲性能的影响[J].复合材料学报,2013,30(S1):311-314.
[13]李东方,李黎,李建章.挤出温度和螺杆转速对木塑制品外观性能的影响[J].木材加工机械,2012,23(5):19-21.
[14]肖亚航,傅敏士.木粉/ABS复合材料的热压成型工艺研究[J].塑料工业,2004,32(12):58-60.
[15]张佳瑶,徐肖娅,李晓林,等.抗菌剂与抗菌木塑复合材料的研究进展[J].工程塑料应用,2015,43(12):123-126.
[16]杨守禄,罗莎,章磊,等.木塑复合材料功能化改性研究进展[J].材料导报,2018,32(17):3090-3098.
[17]Prabhakar M N,Shah A R,Song J I.Improved flame-retardant and tensile properties of thermoplastic starch/flax fabric green composites[J].Carbohydr Polym,2017,168(3):201-211.
[18]董珂,郭垂根,陈永祥.硅硼复配对木塑复合材料阻燃协效作用的研究[J].化工新型材料,2016,44(6):66-68.
[19]Baysal E,Yalinkilic M K,Altinok M,et al.Some physical,wood polymer biological,mechanical,and fire properties of composite(WPC)pretreated with boric acid and borax mixture[J].Constr Build Mater,2007,21(9):1879-1885.
[20]曹金星,张玲,张云灿.木塑复合材料界面改性方法研究进展[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2016,32(8):171-176.
[21]Rojo E,Alonso M V,Oliet M,et al.Effect of fiber loading on the properties of treated cellulose fiber-reinforced phenolic composites[J].Composites,Part B,2015,68(8):185-192.
[22]Ayrilmis N,Jarusombuti S,Fueangvivat V,et al.Effect of thermal-treatment of wood fibres on properties of flat-pressed wood plastic composites[J].Polym Degrad Stab,2011,96(5):818-822.
[23]李虹昆,王翠娜,吴琼,等.马来酸酐接枝ABS对木粉/ABS复合材料性能的影响[J].高分子通报,2018(2):53-58.
[24]路琴,杨明.天然植物纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料研究进展[J].中国塑料,2014,28(11):1-6.
[25]栗越,张京发,易顺民,等.改性芳纶纤维增强木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的力学性能[J].复合材料学报,2018,35(12):1-9.
[26]Bengtsson M,Oksman K.The use of silane technology in crosslinking polyethylene/wood flour composites[J].Composites,Part A,2006,37(5):752-765.
[27]余旺旺,曹云萍,薛东,等.纳米载银抗菌剂对木塑复合材料的抗菌效果分析[J].塑料科技,2013,41(2):92-95.
[28]毕永豹,杨兆哲,许民.熔融沉积成型PLA/麦秸粉复合材料的抗老化性能[J].合成树脂及塑料,2017,34(6):34-38;42.
[29]李影,刘建中,张洋,等.PVC基木塑复合材料抗老化性能研究[J].工程塑料应用,2014,42(6):79-82.
[30]张磊,杨星星,李召,等.木塑复合材料的应用进展[J].化工技术与开发,2018,47(6):39-41.
[31]王焱,唐杰,王东炜,等.复合阻燃型PE-HD/竹粉木塑复合建筑模板料制备[J].工程塑料应用,2018,46(6):20-24.
[32]张琳,徐冬梅,滕梦莹.建筑用聚丙烯基木塑复合材料耐水性能研究[J].塑料科技,2016,44(10):57-61.
[33]刘鹏刚,李晓东,吴荣兴,等.家具用PP基木塑复合材料的制备与力学性能[J].工程塑料应用,2018,46(4):32-36.
[34]桐乡市美意家具有限公司.一种木塑家具材料及其制备方法:中国,201610734658.4[P].2016-08-28.
[35]安徽红树林新材料科技有限公司.用于汽车车厢板的新型绿色环保节能木塑复合板材及其制备方法:中国,201210118336.9[P].2012-04-23.
[36]滁州亿扬零部件制造有限公司.一种汽车零部件的木塑复合材料:中国,201711346642.7[P].2017-12-15.