造林密度对米老排人工林初期生长的影响
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摘要
[目的]探讨不同造林密度对米老排人工林生长的影响规律,为米老排人工林定向培育过程中的密度控制提供参考。[方法]以广东省云浮市造林后6年生米老排人工林为研究对象,对不同造林密度(625、833、1 111、1 667、2 500株·hm~(-2))林分平均树高、优势木高、胸径、保留率和枝下高等生长指标进行连续4年调查。[结果]表明:随着造林密度的增大,米老排林分平均胸径、胸径连年生长量、保留率、单株材积和材积连年生长量均显著减小,而枝下高、林分蓄积量和蓄积连年生长量显著增加。在一定密度范围内,造林密度对林分高生长的影响比较小。造林后第6年,密度1 667株·hm~(-2)林分的平均树高最大(11.4 m),优势木高以密度1 111株·hm~(-2)林分的最大(13.3m),树高连年生长量以密度625株·hm~(-2)林分的最大(1.5 m·a~(-1));密度625株·hm~(-2)林分的平均胸径、胸径连年生长量、单株材积和材积连年生长量均最大,分别为14.3 cm、2.5 cm·a~(-1)、0.097 3 m~3和0.038 2 m~3·a~(-1),比密度2 500株·hm~(-2)林分的分别增加27.7%、81.0%、49.0%和82.4%;密度2 500株·hm~(-2)林分的枝下高、蓄积量和蓄积连年生长量均最大,分别为6.0 m、149.4 m~3·hm~(-2)和44.8 m~3·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),分别是密度625株·hm~(-2)林分的2.61、2.52、1.95倍。[结论]分析了造林密度对米老排初期生长的影响,对米老排人工林的培育具有理论指导意义。
[Objective]To investigate the influence of planting density on stand growth characteristics of Mytilaria laosensis and to provide guidance for the density management.[Method]A 6-year-old M.laosensis plantation with different densities(2 500,1 667,1 111,833 and 625 trees·hm~(-2))at Yunfu of Guangdong Province was used to investigate the average height,dominant height,diameter at breast height(DBH),survival rate and the height to the living branch(HLB)for 4 successive years.[Result]The results showed that,as planting density increased,the DBH and current annual increment(CAI)of DBH,survival rate,individual tree volume and CAI of individual tree volume declined significantly,while the HLB,stand volume and CAI of stand volume increased significantly.In a certain range of densities,the planting densities had few effects on stand height growth.In the sixth year after planting,the maximum mean height(11.4 m)occurred at a stand of 1 667 trees·hm~(-2)and the maximum dominant height(13.3 m)was found in the 1 111 trees·hm~(-2)density;the maximum CAI of height was 1.5 m·a~(-1)which occurred at a stand of 625 trees·hm~(-2);the average DBH,CAI of DBH,individual tree volume and CAI of individual tree volume showed the highest at the stand density of 625 trees·hm~(-2),which were 14.3 cm,2.5 cm·a~(-1),0.097 3 m~3and 0.038 2 m~3·a~(-1),respectively,increased by 27.7%,81.0%,49.0%and 82.4%compared with the planting density of 2 500 trees·hm~(-2);the HLB,stand volume and CAI of stand volume were the highest at the stand density of 2 500 trees·hm~(-2),which were 6.0 m,149.4 m~3·hm~(-2)and 44.8 m~3·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),respectively,2.61,2.52 and 1.95 times that of 625 trees·hm~(-2)density.[Conclusion]The results of studying the effect of planting density on the growth of M.laosensis can be used as reference for the cultivation of M.laosensis.
[Objective]To investigate the influence of planting density on stand growth characteristics of Mytilaria laosensis and to provide guidance for the density management.[Method]A 6-year-old M.laosensis plantation with different densities(2 500,1 667,1 111,833 and 625 trees·hm~(-2))at Yunfu of Guangdong Province was used to investigate the average height,dominant height,diameter at breast height(DBH),survival rate and the height to the living branch(HLB)for 4 successive years.[Result]The results showed that,as planting density increased,the DBH and current annual increment(CAI)of DBH,survival rate,individual tree volume and CAI of individual tree volume declined significantly,while the HLB,stand volume and CAI of stand volume increased significantly.In a certain range of densities,the planting densities had few effects on stand height growth.In the sixth year after planting,the maximum mean height(11.4 m)occurred at a stand of 1 667 trees·hm~(-2)and the maximum dominant height(13.3 m)was found in the 1 111 trees·hm~(-2)density;the maximum CAI of height was 1.5 m·a~(-1)which occurred at a stand of 625 trees·hm~(-2);the average DBH,CAI of DBH,individual tree volume and CAI of individual tree volume showed the highest at the stand density of 625 trees·hm~(-2),which were 14.3 cm,2.5 cm·a~(-1),0.097 3 m~3and 0.038 2 m~3·a~(-1),respectively,increased by 27.7%,81.0%,49.0%and 82.4%compared with the planting density of 2 500 trees·hm~(-2);the HLB,stand volume and CAI of stand volume were the highest at the stand density of 2 500 trees·hm~(-2),which were 6.0 m,149.4 m~3·hm~(-2)and 44.8 m~3·hm~(-2)·a~(-1),respectively,2.61,2.52 and 1.95 times that of 625 trees·hm~(-2)density.[Conclusion]The results of studying the effect of planting density on the growth of M.laosensis can be used as reference for the cultivation of M.laosensis.
引文
[1]同小娟,张劲松,孟平,等.储存通量变化特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(7):2076-2084.
[2]邓伦秀.杉木人工林林分密度效应及材种结构规律研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.
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[4]张建国.森林培育理论与技术进展[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:4-5.
[5]贾亚运,何宗明,周丽丽,等.造林密度对杉木幼林生长及空间利用的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(5):1171-1181.
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[8]刘恩,刘世荣.南亚热带米老排人工林碳贮量及其分配特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5103-5109.
[9]李炎香,谭天泳,黄镜光,等.米老排造林密度试验初报[J].林业科学研究,1988,1(2):206-212.
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[11]陈永富,郭文福,黄镜光.米老排立木材积表级地位指数表的编制[J].林业科学研究,1991,4(增刊):116-119.
[12]童书振,盛炜彤,张建国.杉木林分密度效应研究[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(1):66-75.
[13]Zhao D,Kane M,Borders B E.Growth responses to planting density and management intensity in loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern USA Lower Coastal Plain[J].Annals of Forest Science,2011,68(3):625-635.
[14]Antón-fernández C,Burkhart H E,Strub M,et al.Effects of initial spacing on height development of loblolly pine[J].Forest Science,2011,57(3):201-211.
[15]Cardoso D J,Lacerda A E B,Rosot M A D,et al.Influence of spacing regimes on the development of loblolly pine(Pinus taeda L.)in Southern Brazil[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2013,310:761-769.
[16]谌红辉,丁贵杰.马尾松造林密度效应研究[J].林业科学,2004,40(1):92-98.
[17]黄宝灵,蒙钰钗.不同造林密度对尾叶桉生长,产量及材性影响的研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(1):81-90.
[18]Gizachew B,Brunner A,φyen B.Stand responses to initial spacing in Norway spruce plantations in Norway[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2012,27(27):637-648.
[19]王利宝,张志毅,康向阳,等.造林密度对白杨杂种无性系初期生长性状的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(5):25-30.
[20]楚秀丽,王艺,金国庆,等.不同生境、初植密度及林龄木荷人工林生长、材性变异及林分分化[J].林业科学,2014,50(6):152-159.
[21]TrouvéR,Bontemps J D,Seynave I,et al.Stand density,tree social status and water stress influence allocation in height and diameter growth of Quercus petraea(Liebl.)[J].Tree Physiology,2015.35(10):1035-1046.
[22]孙楠.不同造林密度杂种落叶松人工林动态研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.
[23]相聪伟,张建国,段爱国,等.杉木林分蓄积生长的密度及立地效应[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(6):801-808.
[24]Harrington T B,Harrington C A,Debell D S.Effects of planting spacing and site quality on 25-year growth and mortality relationships of Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii var.menziesii)[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2009,258(1):18-25.
[25]Wang C S,Zhao Z G,Hein S,et al.Effect of planting density on knot attributes and branch occlusion of Betula alnoides under natural pruning in southern China[J].Forests,2015,6(4):1343-1361.
[26]Liziniewicz M,Ek9 P M,Agestam E.Effect of spacing on 23-yearold lodgepole pine(Pinus contorta Dougl.var.latifolia)in southern Sweden[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2012,27(4):361-371.
[27]Alcorn P J,Pyttel P,Bauhus J,et al.Effects of initial planting density on branch development in 4-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana trees[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2007,252(1):41-51.
[28]郑海水,黎明,汪炳根,等.西南桦造林密度与林木生长的关系[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(1):81-86.
[29]梁善庆,罗建举.人工林米老排木材解剖性质及其变异性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):142-148.
[2]邓伦秀.杉木人工林林分密度效应及材种结构规律研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2010.
[3]Akers M K,Kane M,Zhao D,et al.Effects of planting density and cultural intensity on stand and crown attributes of mid-rotation loblolly pine plantations[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2013,310(1):468-475.
[4]张建国.森林培育理论与技术进展[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:4-5.
[5]贾亚运,何宗明,周丽丽,等.造林密度对杉木幼林生长及空间利用的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(5):1171-1181.
[6]Makinen H,Hein S.Effect of wide spacing on increment and branch properties of young Norway spruce[J].European Journal of Forest Research,2006,125(3):239-248.
[7]Forresterdavid I,Wiedemannjohn C,Forresterrobert I,et al.Effects of planting density and site quality on mean tree size and total stand growth of Eucalyptus globulus plantations[J].Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2013,43(9):846-851.
[8]刘恩,刘世荣.南亚热带米老排人工林碳贮量及其分配特征[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5103-5109.
[9]李炎香,谭天泳,黄镜光,等.米老排造林密度试验初报[J].林业科学研究,1988,1(2):206-212.
[10]郭文福,蔡道雄,贾宏炎,等.米老排人工林生长规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(5):585-589.
[11]陈永富,郭文福,黄镜光.米老排立木材积表级地位指数表的编制[J].林业科学研究,1991,4(增刊):116-119.
[12]童书振,盛炜彤,张建国.杉木林分密度效应研究[J].林业科学研究,2002,15(1):66-75.
[13]Zhao D,Kane M,Borders B E.Growth responses to planting density and management intensity in loblolly pine plantations in the southeastern USA Lower Coastal Plain[J].Annals of Forest Science,2011,68(3):625-635.
[14]Antón-fernández C,Burkhart H E,Strub M,et al.Effects of initial spacing on height development of loblolly pine[J].Forest Science,2011,57(3):201-211.
[15]Cardoso D J,Lacerda A E B,Rosot M A D,et al.Influence of spacing regimes on the development of loblolly pine(Pinus taeda L.)in Southern Brazil[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2013,310:761-769.
[16]谌红辉,丁贵杰.马尾松造林密度效应研究[J].林业科学,2004,40(1):92-98.
[17]黄宝灵,蒙钰钗.不同造林密度对尾叶桉生长,产量及材性影响的研究[J].林业科学,2000,36(1):81-90.
[18]Gizachew B,Brunner A,φyen B.Stand responses to initial spacing in Norway spruce plantations in Norway[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2012,27(27):637-648.
[19]王利宝,张志毅,康向阳,等.造林密度对白杨杂种无性系初期生长性状的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(5):25-30.
[20]楚秀丽,王艺,金国庆,等.不同生境、初植密度及林龄木荷人工林生长、材性变异及林分分化[J].林业科学,2014,50(6):152-159.
[21]TrouvéR,Bontemps J D,Seynave I,et al.Stand density,tree social status and water stress influence allocation in height and diameter growth of Quercus petraea(Liebl.)[J].Tree Physiology,2015.35(10):1035-1046.
[22]孙楠.不同造林密度杂种落叶松人工林动态研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.
[23]相聪伟,张建国,段爱国,等.杉木林分蓄积生长的密度及立地效应[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(6):801-808.
[24]Harrington T B,Harrington C A,Debell D S.Effects of planting spacing and site quality on 25-year growth and mortality relationships of Douglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii var.menziesii)[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2009,258(1):18-25.
[25]Wang C S,Zhao Z G,Hein S,et al.Effect of planting density on knot attributes and branch occlusion of Betula alnoides under natural pruning in southern China[J].Forests,2015,6(4):1343-1361.
[26]Liziniewicz M,Ek9 P M,Agestam E.Effect of spacing on 23-yearold lodgepole pine(Pinus contorta Dougl.var.latifolia)in southern Sweden[J].Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research,2012,27(4):361-371.
[27]Alcorn P J,Pyttel P,Bauhus J,et al.Effects of initial planting density on branch development in 4-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana trees[J].Forest Ecology&Management,2007,252(1):41-51.
[28]郑海水,黎明,汪炳根,等.西南桦造林密度与林木生长的关系[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(1):81-86.
[29]梁善庆,罗建举.人工林米老排木材解剖性质及其变异性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):142-148.