土壤有机氮组分研究进展
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摘要
有机氮组分作为土壤氮素的重要组成,是土壤中有效态氮的源和库,在氮素矿化、固定、迁移以及为植物生长供氮过程中起到至关重要的作用。总结近年来国内外土壤有机氮组分的研究进展,详述了土壤有机氮组分的组成、功能及其影响因素。结果表明,土壤有机氮组分与土壤供氮能力紧密相关,其中酸解铵态氮和酸解氨基酸氮为土壤有机氮组分的主要组成,一定程度上可作为土壤供氮潜力的表征。最后,对未来的研究重点—同位素标记技术和分子生物学技术等在土壤有机氮组分研究的应用进行展望,以期为深入开展土壤氮素循环和供氮能力的研究提供一定的理论参考。
As an important component of soil nitrogen pool, organic nitrogen fractions are the source and pool of soil available nitrogen, which plays key roles in the processes of mineralization, fixation, and transformation of soil nitrogen and nitrogen supply for plant growth. This review summarized the recent domestic and foreign research progress about soil organic nitrogen fractions, described detailed the compositions, functions and influence factors of soil organic nitrogen fractions. The results showed that soil organic nitrogen component was closely related to soil nitrogen supply capacity. Moreover, acid hydrolyzed ammonia nitrogen and acid hydrolyzed amino acid nitrogen were the main components of soil organic nitrogen fractions, which could be used to indicate soil nitrogen supply capacity. Finally,the research focuses on soil organic nitrogen fractions were put forwarded based on isotope labeling technology and molecular biotechnology, which would provide theoretical references for further researches about soil nitrogen cycling and nitrogen supply capacity.
As an important component of soil nitrogen pool, organic nitrogen fractions are the source and pool of soil available nitrogen, which plays key roles in the processes of mineralization, fixation, and transformation of soil nitrogen and nitrogen supply for plant growth. This review summarized the recent domestic and foreign research progress about soil organic nitrogen fractions, described detailed the compositions, functions and influence factors of soil organic nitrogen fractions. The results showed that soil organic nitrogen component was closely related to soil nitrogen supply capacity. Moreover, acid hydrolyzed ammonia nitrogen and acid hydrolyzed amino acid nitrogen were the main components of soil organic nitrogen fractions, which could be used to indicate soil nitrogen supply capacity. Finally,the research focuses on soil organic nitrogen fractions were put forwarded based on isotope labeling technology and molecular biotechnology, which would provide theoretical references for further researches about soil nitrogen cycling and nitrogen supply capacity.
引文
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[8]张玉玲,陈温福,虞娜,等.长期不同土地利用方式对潮棕壤有机氮组分及剖面分布的影响[J].土壤学报, 2012,49(4):740-747.
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[13]李世清,李生秀,邵明安,等.半干旱农田生态系统长期施肥对土壤有机氮组分和微生物体氮的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2004, 37(6):859-864.
[14] BREMNER J M. Organic forms of nitrogen[M]. Madision:American Society of Agronomy, 1965:1238-1255.
[15]孙天聪,李世清,邵明安,等.半湿润农田生态系统长期施肥对土壤团聚体中有机氮组分的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2007, 18(10):2233-2238.
[16] MMM K, MARCHANT H K, KARTAL B. The microbial nitrogencycling network[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2018, DOI:10.1038/nrmicro.2018.9.
[17]朱兆良.主要农田生态系统氮素行为与氮肥高效利用的基础研究[M].科学出版社, 2010.
[18] HURISSO T T, NORTON J B, MUKHWANA E J, et al. Soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions and sugar beet sucrose yield in furrowirrigated agroecosystems[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal,2015, 79(3):876-888.
[19] ZHANG H H, ZHANG Y Q, YAN C R, et al. Soil nitrogen and its fractions between long-term conventional and no-tillage systems with straw retention in dryland farming in northern china[J].Geoderma, 2016, 269:138-144.
[20]王圣瑞,焦立新,金相灿,等.长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物总氮、可交换态氮与固定态铵的赋存特征[J].环境科学学报, 2008, 28(1):37-43.
[21]丛耀辉,张玉玲,张玉龙,等.黑土区水稻土有机氮组分及其对可矿化氮的贡献[J].土壤学报, 2016, 53(2):457-467.
[22] LV H, HE H, ZHAO J, et al. Dynamics of fertilizer-derived organic nitrogen fractions in an arable soil during a growing season[J]. Plant and Soil, 2013, 373(1):595-607.
[23]徐阳春,沈其荣,茆泽圣.长期施用有机肥对土壤及不同粒级中酸解有机氮含量与分配的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2002, 35(4):403-409.
[24]朱兆良,文启孝.中国土壤氮素[M].江苏科学技术出版社, 1992.
[25] Amelung W, Zhang X. Determination of amino acid enantiomers in soils[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2001, 33(4–5):553-562.
[26] CHEN J, CARRILLO Y, PENDALL E, et al. Soil microbes compete strongly with plants for soil inorganic and amino acid nitrogen in a semiarid grassland exposed to elevated CO2and warming[J].Ecosystems, 2015, 18(5):867-880.
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