~(60)Co-γ射线对小苍兰的生物学效应
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摘要
【目的】考察~(60)Co-γ射线辐照对红色小苍兰和紫色小苍兰的生物学效应。【方法】以试验剂量分别为25、50、75、100 Gy的~(60)Co-γ射线辐照两个不同品种的小苍兰种球,统计分析其受辐照后的发芽率、半致死剂量、成活率、株高、叶片数量、叶片面积、根长、开花率、花粉活力、花粉电镜扫描等指标。【结果】经5个不同剂量~(60)Co-γ射线处理的小苍兰两个品种的发芽率、株高、叶面积、根长、根数、开花率、花粉活力均随着剂量的增加而降低。小苍兰(红色)的最适宜辐照剂量为54.04 Gy,小苍兰(紫色)的适宜辐照剂量为58.82 Gy;小苍兰(红色)的半开花辐照剂量为42.37 Gy,小苍兰(紫色)半开花辐照剂量为39.56 Gy。随着辐照剂量的增加花粉表面和花粉形态均受损程度逐渐增强。【结论】不同剂量的~(60)Co-γ射线辐照对小苍兰两个品种均有损伤效应,损伤程度与辐照剂量成正相关;对花粉的分析能够较好地反映辐照对植株的诱变情况。
【Objective】Investigate the biological effects of~(60)Co-γradiation on red Freesia refracta(freesia)and purple freesia.【Method】In this study,two different varieties of freesia bulbs were irradiated with~(60)Co-γrays at test doses of25,50,75,and 100 Gy.Statistical analyses of the germination rate,semilethal dose,survival rate,plant height,leaf number,leaf area,root length,flowering rate,pollen viability,and pollen scanning electron microscope after irradiation were conducted.【Result】The experimental results demonstrate that the germination rate,plant height,leaf area,root length,flowering rate and pollen vigor of the two freesias treated with five different doses of~(60)Co-γrays decrease with increasing doses.The optimum dose of freesia(red)is 54.04 Gy,the optimum dose of freesia(purple)is 58.82 Gy,the half flowering dose of freesia(red)is 42.37 Gy,the half flowering dose of freesia(purple)is 39.56 Gy.Pollen surface and pollen morphology gradually increase with increasing irradiation.【Conclusion】~(60)Co-γrays of various irradiation doses have damage effects on both freesias,and the degree of damage is positively correlated to the radiation dosage.Analyses on pollen can better reflect the plant mutation induced by radiation of the~(60)Co-γrays.The results can serve as references for the mutation breeding of freesia induced by~(60)Co-γrays radiation.
【Objective】Investigate the biological effects of~(60)Co-γradiation on red Freesia refracta(freesia)and purple freesia.【Method】In this study,two different varieties of freesia bulbs were irradiated with~(60)Co-γrays at test doses of25,50,75,and 100 Gy.Statistical analyses of the germination rate,semilethal dose,survival rate,plant height,leaf number,leaf area,root length,flowering rate,pollen viability,and pollen scanning electron microscope after irradiation were conducted.【Result】The experimental results demonstrate that the germination rate,plant height,leaf area,root length,flowering rate and pollen vigor of the two freesias treated with five different doses of~(60)Co-γrays decrease with increasing doses.The optimum dose of freesia(red)is 54.04 Gy,the optimum dose of freesia(purple)is 58.82 Gy,the half flowering dose of freesia(red)is 42.37 Gy,the half flowering dose of freesia(purple)is 39.56 Gy.Pollen surface and pollen morphology gradually increase with increasing irradiation.【Conclusion】~(60)Co-γrays of various irradiation doses have damage effects on both freesias,and the degree of damage is positively correlated to the radiation dosage.Analyses on pollen can better reflect the plant mutation induced by radiation of the~(60)Co-γrays.The results can serve as references for the mutation breeding of freesia induced by~(60)Co-γrays radiation.
引文
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[15]曹芳,李志刚,李旭新,等.大豆花粉活力测定方法的比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(17):66-69.CAO F,LI Z G,LI X X,et al. Soybean pollen vitality testing by different methods[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(17):66-69.
[16]杨再强,王立新.我国观赏植物辐射诱变育种研究进展[J].四川林勘设计,2006,27(3):19-23.YANG Z Q,WANG L X. Advances in rediation-induced mutation breeding of ornamental plants[J]. Journal Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology,2006,27(3):19-23.
[17]李树发,张颢,邱显钦,等.切花月季60Co-γ辐照诱变育种初报[J].核农学报,2011,25(4):713-718.LI S F,ZHANG H,QIU X Q et al. Breeding of cut roses by60Co-γrays irradiations[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2011,25(4):713-718.
[18]纵方,项艳,王雯雯.60Co-γ射线辐照孤挺花诱变效应研究[J].激光生物学报,2008,17(3):299-305.LONG F,XIANG Y,WANG W W. The study on mutagenic effects of60Co-γirradiation on a belladonna[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2008,17(3):299-305.
[19]高健.钴-60 Gamma射线辐照中国水仙的诱变效应和机理研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2000.GAO J. The study on mutagenic effects and mechanism of60Co-γray on Chinese narcissus[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2000.
[20]杜世章,代其林,刘婷婷,等.60Co-γ射线辐照对转基因和非转基因烟草抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(3):456-460.DU S Z,DAI Q L,LIU T T,et al. Effects of60Co-γrays irradiation on antioxidant enzymes activities in transgenic and Non-transgenic tobacco seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology,2011,25(3):456-460.
[21]孙利娜.60Co-γ射线辐照百合诱变育种的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2009.SUN L N. Studies Lilium mutation induced by60Co-γray irradiated[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2009.
[22]李鹏,李新华,张锋,等.植物辐射诱变的分子机理研究进展[J].核农学报,2008,22(5):626-629.LI P,LI X H,ZHANG F,et al. Research progress in molecular mechanism of irradiation-induced plant mutation breeding[J].Chinese Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2008,22(5):626-629.
[2]晏姿,赵洪,贺功振,等.水杨酸对小苍兰生长及开花的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(10):1725-1729.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2016. 10.1725.YAN Z,ZHAO H,HE G Z,et al. Effects of salicylic acid on growth and flowering of Freesia refracta Klatt[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture,2016,47(10):1725-1729.
[3]周凌瑜.小苍兰ISSR分子标记[D].上海:上海交通大学,2008.ZHOU L Y.Inter-simole sequence repeat(ISSR)analysis of Freesia refracta[D]. Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2008.
[4]义鸣放.球根花卉[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2000.
[5]曾敏.小苍兰品种‘香玫’的花期调控及花期生理研究[D].福州:福建农林大学,2012:1-10.ZENG M.Study on flower time regulator and flower physiology of Freesia refrata‘Xiangmei’[D]. Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2012:1-10.
[6]任少雄,王丹,李卫锋,等.60Co-γ射线辐射唐菖蒲鳞茎诱变育种试验[J].福建林业科技,2006,33(2):34-36.REN S X,WANG D,Li W F,et al. Study on mutation breeding of Gladiolus hybridus radiation by60Coγ-ray[J]. Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2006,33(2):34-36.
[7]赵兴华,吴海红,杨佳明.60Co-γ射线辐照百合鳞茎诱变育种研究初报[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(10):174-176.ZHAO X H,WU H H,YANG J M.60Co-γirradiation lily bulbs preliminary study on mutation breeding[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2014,30(10):174-176.
[8]陈秀兰,孙叶,包建忠,等.君子兰辐射诱变育种研究初报[J].江苏农业科学,2006(6):226-228.CHEN X L,SUN Y,BAO J Z,et al. Preliminary report on the mutation breeding of clivia by radiation[J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2006(6):226-228.
[9]张冬雪,王丹,张志伟.60Co-γ射线辐照对东方百合鳞片不定芽诱导的影响[J].北方园艺,2007(2):152-155.ZHANG D X,WANG D,ZHANG Z W. Effects of60Co-γray irradiation on induction of adventitious buds of oriental lily scales[J]. Northern Gardening,2007(2):152-155.
[10]任少雄,王丹,李卫锋,等.60Co-γ射线辐射唐菖蒲鳞茎诱变育种试验[J].福建林业科技,2006,33(2):34-36.REN S X,WANG D,LI W F,et al. Study on mutation breeding of Gladiolus hybridus radiated by60Co-γray[J]. Fujian Forestry Science and Technology,2006,33(2):34-36.
[11]黄桂丹.60Co-γ射线辐射育种研究进展[J].林业与环境科学,2016,32(2):107-111. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-4427.2016.02.020.HUANG G D. Research progress for60Co-γradiation breeding[J]. Forestry and Environmental Science, 2016, 32(2):107-111.
[12]唐东芹,秦文英.小苍兰新品种‘上农红台阁’[J].园艺学报,2012,39(10):2097-2098. DOI:10. 16420/j. issn. 0513-353x.2012.10.010.TANG D Q,QIN W Y. A new cultivar of Freesia×bybrida‘Shangnong Hongtige’[J]. Chinese Journal of Horticulture,2012,39(10):2097-2098.
[13]秦文英,王世荣,杨国辉.小苍兰辐射育种[J].园艺学报,1988,15(3):201-202.QIN W Y,WANG S R,YANG G H. Freesia radiation breeding[J].Gardening Journal,1988,15(3):201-202.
[14]李晓林,郭诚,梁国鲁,等.60Co-γ辐射对小苍兰生长发育及酯酶同工酶的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,27(6):840-843.LI X L,GUO C,LIANG G L,et al. Effects of60Co-γirradiation on the growth and esterase isozymes of Freesia[J]. Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition),2005,27(6):840-843.
[15]曹芳,李志刚,李旭新,等.大豆花粉活力测定方法的比较研究[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(17):66-69.CAO F,LI Z G,LI X X,et al. Soybean pollen vitality testing by different methods[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(17):66-69.
[16]杨再强,王立新.我国观赏植物辐射诱变育种研究进展[J].四川林勘设计,2006,27(3):19-23.YANG Z Q,WANG L X. Advances in rediation-induced mutation breeding of ornamental plants[J]. Journal Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology,2006,27(3):19-23.
[17]李树发,张颢,邱显钦,等.切花月季60Co-γ辐照诱变育种初报[J].核农学报,2011,25(4):713-718.LI S F,ZHANG H,QIU X Q et al. Breeding of cut roses by60Co-γrays irradiations[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2011,25(4):713-718.
[18]纵方,项艳,王雯雯.60Co-γ射线辐照孤挺花诱变效应研究[J].激光生物学报,2008,17(3):299-305.LONG F,XIANG Y,WANG W W. The study on mutagenic effects of60Co-γirradiation on a belladonna[J]. Acta Photonica Sinica,2008,17(3):299-305.
[19]高健.钴-60 Gamma射线辐照中国水仙的诱变效应和机理研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2000.GAO J. The study on mutagenic effects and mechanism of60Co-γray on Chinese narcissus[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2000.
[20]杜世章,代其林,刘婷婷,等.60Co-γ射线辐照对转基因和非转基因烟草抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].核农学报,2011,25(3):456-460.DU S Z,DAI Q L,LIU T T,et al. Effects of60Co-γrays irradiation on antioxidant enzymes activities in transgenic and Non-transgenic tobacco seedlings[J]. Chinese Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology,2011,25(3):456-460.
[21]孙利娜.60Co-γ射线辐照百合诱变育种的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2009.SUN L N. Studies Lilium mutation induced by60Co-γray irradiated[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2009.
[22]李鹏,李新华,张锋,等.植物辐射诱变的分子机理研究进展[J].核农学报,2008,22(5):626-629.LI P,LI X H,ZHANG F,et al. Research progress in molecular mechanism of irradiation-induced plant mutation breeding[J].Chinese Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2008,22(5):626-629.