春夏季温州雁荡山杉木林臭氧质量浓度垂直变化特征
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摘要
森林中臭氧浓度不仅影响林木生长,也影响游憩环境质量,是森林康养环境研究的热点之一。根据2017年春夏两季对温州雁荡山国家森林公园内杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata林不同垂直高度臭氧浓度及气象因子昼夜24 h同步监测数据,分析了不同高度臭氧浓度的变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明:除春季H3(林冠上层)臭氧质量浓度日最大8 h均值达到中国二类环境功能区质量要求外(≤200μg·m-3),两季节中其余各高度臭氧质量浓度日最大8 h均值及小时均值均达到中国一类环境功能区质量要求(≤160μg·m-3);春夏两季各高度臭氧质量浓度从小到大依次为H1(距地面1.5 m), H2(林冠中部)和H3,且春季H1, H2和H3臭氧质量浓度日均值差值高于夏季;两季各高度臭氧质量浓度均为日间高、夜间低,且高值出现于11:00-15:00,低值出现于5:00;春夏两季各高度臭氧质量浓度小时均值与温度、风速呈正相关,与相对湿度呈负相关;春季各高度臭氧质量浓度与气压呈负相关。总体来讲,在雁荡山杉木林环境中,以臭氧质量浓度变化规律为游憩及游憩设施布设标准,在时间的选择上,夏季比春季更适合出游,且夜间优于白天;在空间的选择上,建议选择林下及树冠中部布置游憩设施,如林下栈道及空中栈道或森林木屋等设施。
Research on ozone concentration in forests has become a hot area of forest recreation because of its influence on forest growth and environmental quality.The variation of ozone mass concentration at different vertical heights in forest environment has a guiding role in forest recreation activities.Ozone concentration and meteorological factors in three different vertical gradients(The following are expressed by H1,H2 and H3 respectively.H1 stands for 1.5 m from ground,H2 indicates the central part of canopy,H3 means the boundary between canopy and atmosphere.) in Yandang Mountain were monitored for 24 h in the spring and summer of2017.Their changing features and influencing factors were also observed at the same time.In this experiment,ozone sampler was used to sample three kinds of ozone mass concentration,and the data were processed by variance analysis and multiple comparison analysis.Results indicated that the mean value of 8 h maximum ozone concentration in three different vertical gradients all achieved the primary standard for ambient air quality standards(100 μg·m-3) except for the top of H3(103.03 μg·m-3) during the spring.Ozone concentration changes for the different vertical gradients was H1
Research on ozone concentration in forests has become a hot area of forest recreation because of its influence on forest growth and environmental quality.The variation of ozone mass concentration at different vertical heights in forest environment has a guiding role in forest recreation activities.Ozone concentration and meteorological factors in three different vertical gradients(The following are expressed by H1,H2 and H3 respectively.H1 stands for 1.5 m from ground,H2 indicates the central part of canopy,H3 means the boundary between canopy and atmosphere.) in Yandang Mountain were monitored for 24 h in the spring and summer of2017.Their changing features and influencing factors were also observed at the same time.In this experiment,ozone sampler was used to sample three kinds of ozone mass concentration,and the data were processed by variance analysis and multiple comparison analysis.Results indicated that the mean value of 8 h maximum ozone concentration in three different vertical gradients all achieved the primary standard for ambient air quality standards(100 μg·m-3) except for the top of H3(103.03 μg·m-3) during the spring.Ozone concentration changes for the different vertical gradients was H1
引文
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[10]姚青,孙玫玲,刘爱霞.天津臭氧浓度与气象因素的相关性及其预测方法[J].生态环境学报,2009,18(6):2206-2210.YAO Qing,SUN Meiling,LIU Aixia.Analysis and prediction of surface ozone concentration and related meteorological factors in summer in Tianjin[J].Ecol Environ Sci,2009,18(6):2206-2210.
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[13]列淦文,叶龙华,薛立.臭氧胁迫对植物主要生理功能的影响[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):294-306.LIE Ganwen,YE Longhua,XUE Li.Effects of ozone stress on major plant physiological functions[J].Acta Ecol Sin2014,34(2):294-306.
[14]段玉森,张懿华,王东方,等.我国部分城市臭氧污染时空分布特征分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2011,23(12):34-39.DUAN Yusen,ZHANG Yihua,WANG Dongfang,et al.Spatialtemporal patterns analysis of ozone pollution in several cities of China[J].Administrat Tech Environ Monit,2011,23(12):34-39.
[15]徐敬,张小玲,赵秀娟,等.夏季局地环流对北京下风向地区O3输送的影响[J].中国环境科学,2009,29(11)1140-1146.XU Jing,ZHANG Xiaoling,ZHAO Xiujuan,et al.Influence of summer local circulation on the transportation of ozone from urban to the downwind area in Beijing[J].China Environ Sci,2009,29(11):1140-1146.
[16]王荣堂,王有宁,董秀荣.地膜覆盖棉花、玉米、大豆生育盛期的降温效应[J].生态学报,2003,23(8):1667-1672.WANG Rongtang,WANG Youning,DONG Xiurong.Effects of plasic film covering on dropping ground temperature at the full-growing stages of cotton,maize and soybean[J].Acta Ecol Sin,2003,23(8):1667-1672.
[17]苏彬彬.华东森林及高山背景区域臭氧变化特征及影响因素[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2519-2525.SU Binbin.Characteristics and impact factors of O3concentrations in mountain background region of East China[J]Environ Sci,2013,34(7):2519-2525.
[18]段晓瞳,曹念文,王潇,等.2015年中国近地面臭氧浓度特征分析[J].环境科学,2017,38(12):4976-4982.DUAN Xiaotong,CAO Nianwen,WANG Xiao,et al.Characteristics analysis of the surface ozone concentration of China in 2015[J].Environ Sci,2017,38(12):4976-4982.
[19]谈建国,陆国良,耿福海,等.上海夏季近地面臭氧浓度及其相关气象因子的分析和预报[J].热带气象学报2007,23(5):515-520.TAN Jianguo,LU Guoliang,GENG Fuhai,et al.Analysis and prediction of surface O3voncentration and telated meteorological factors in summertime in urban area of Shanghai[J].J Trop Meteorol,2007,23(5):515-520.
[20]常杰,任远,史琰,等.亚热带城乡复合系统BVOC排放清单:以台州地区为例[J].生态学报,2012,32(2):641-649.CHANG Jie,REN Yuan,SHI Yan,et al.An inventory of BVOC meissions for a subtropical urban-rural complex Greater Taizhou Area[J].Environ Sci,2012,32(2):641-649.
[21]蔡彦枫,王体健,谢旻,等.南京地区大气颗粒物影响近地面臭氧的个例研究[J].气候与环境研究,2013,18(2):251-260.CAI Yanfeng,WANG Tijian,XIE Min,et al.Impacts of atmospheric particles on surface in Nanjing[J].Clim Environ Res,2013,18(2):251-260.
[22]徐晓斌,葛宝珠,林伟立.臭氧生成效率(OPE)相关研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(8):845-853.XU Xiaobin,GE Baozhu,LIN Weili.Progresses in the research of ozone production efficiency(OPE)[J].Adv Earth Sci,2009,24(8):845-853.
[23]王自发,李丽娜,吴其重,等.区域输送对北京夏季臭氧浓度影响的数值模拟研究[J].自然杂志,2008,30(4)194-198.WANG Zifa,LI Lina,WU Qizhong,et al.Simulation of the impacts of regional transport on summer ozone levels over Beijing[J].Chin J Nat,2008,30(4):194-198.
[24]STREETS D J,FU J H S,JANG C J,et al.Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games[J].Atmos Environ2007,41(3):480-492.
[25]ORD魷譙EZ C,BRUNNER D,STAEHELIN J,et al.Strong influence of lowermost stratospheric ozone on lower tropospheric background ozone changes over Europe[J].Geophys Res Lett,2007,3 4(7):L07805+.doi:10.1029/2006GL029113,2007.
[26]VINGARZAN R.A review of surface ozone background levels and trends[J].Atmos Environ,2004,38(21):3431-3442.
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