宽带高性能四脊波导圆极化器设计
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摘要
在射电望远镜和卫星通信天线中,圆极化器是关键部件之一。传统圆极化器在保证0.75 dB轴比时的相对带宽最多为41%,无法满足日益增长的宽频带应用需求。该文利用四脊波导的宽带特性,通过采用具有不同尺寸的水平脊和垂直脊,使四脊波导两个正交主模的相位常数不同,来实现宽带移相特性,并给出了一种宽带四脊波导圆极化器的设计方法。按照这一方法,设计了一款宽带C波段圆极化器,工作带宽为3.625～7.025 GHz,相对带宽64%。该文还研究了圆极化器主要参数变化对其性能的影响,加工并实测了一个圆极化器样机。实测结果显示出,该圆极化器两个正交极化的反射损耗均小于–21 dB,相差90°±3.8°,相应的轴比小于0.6 dB。测试与仿真结果吻合良好,证明了分析与设计方法的正确性。
Circular polarizer is a key component in feed systems with circular polarization in radio astronomy telescope and satellite communication antennas. Conventional polarizers are capable of operating over a maximum bandwidth of 40% with an axial ratio value of 0.75 dB, which is unable to meet the growing demand for wide band applications. In this paper, the design of the wide band quad ridges waveguide polarizer is introduced, and the relationship between the phase constants of two orthogonal principal modes is analyzed.The broadband phase shift characteristics are achieved by employing different horizontal and vertical ridges dimensions. Based on this method, a C-Band polarizer is designed, which operates at 3.625～7.025 GHz, 64%bandwidth. The effects of main parameters on the polarizer performances are studied. A prototype of the polarizer is developed. The measurements of the prototype show that return losses are less than –21 dB for two orthogonal polarizations and the phase difference is 90°±3.8°, the corresponding axial ratio is less than 0.6 dB.Measured and simulated results show good agreements, thus validating the analysis and design methods.
Circular polarizer is a key component in feed systems with circular polarization in radio astronomy telescope and satellite communication antennas. Conventional polarizers are capable of operating over a maximum bandwidth of 40% with an axial ratio value of 0.75 dB, which is unable to meet the growing demand for wide band applications. In this paper, the design of the wide band quad ridges waveguide polarizer is introduced, and the relationship between the phase constants of two orthogonal principal modes is analyzed.The broadband phase shift characteristics are achieved by employing different horizontal and vertical ridges dimensions. Based on this method, a C-Band polarizer is designed, which operates at 3.625～7.025 GHz, 64%bandwidth. The effects of main parameters on the polarizer performances are studied. A prototype of the polarizer is developed. The measurements of the prototype show that return losses are less than –21 dB for two orthogonal polarizations and the phase difference is 90°±3.8°, the corresponding axial ratio is less than 0.6 dB.Measured and simulated results show good agreements, thus validating the analysis and design methods.
引文
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[8] USHIJIMA Y, YUKAWA H, YONEDA N, et al. Dual band rectangular waveguide polarizer using corrugated/elongated conductive plates for Ka-band[C]. 47th European Microwave Conference(EuMC), Nuremberg, Germany,2017:520-523. doi:10.23919/EuMC.2017.8230904.
[9]王海伦,李斌.K波段宽带圆极化器设计[J].天文研究与技术,2015, 12(4):455-460. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7673.2015.04.010.WANG Hailun and LI Bin. A design of a K-band circular polarizer[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2015,12(4):455-460. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7673.2015.04.010.
[10]贾茹,李斌.天马望远镜Ka波段宽带圆极化器研制[J].天文研究与技术,2017, 14(4):488-494. doi:10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20170922.002.JIA Ru and LI Bin. Development of Ka-band wideband circular polarizer[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2017, 14(4):488-494. doi:10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20170922.002.
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[12]向小春,张宇环,金伟清,等.一种Ka频段金属膜片圆极化器设计[J].无线电工程,2017, 47(11):59-62. doi:10.3969/j.issn.003-3106.2017.11.13.XIANG Xiaochun, ZHANG Yuhuan, JIN Weiqing, et al. A design of Ka-band metal waveguide iris circular polarizer[J].Radio Engineering, 2017, 47(11):59-62. doi:10.3969/j.issn.003-3106.2017.11.13.
[13] LEAL-SEVILLANO C A, COOPER K B, and RUIZ-CRUZ J A. A 225 GHz circular polarization waveguide duplexer based on a septum orthomode transducer polarizer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 2013,3(5):574-583. doi:10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2264317.
[14]史俊,殷晓星,仲伟业.K波段低轴比的隔板式极化器[J].微波学报,2017,33(6):21-24. doi:10.14183/j.cnki.1005-6122.201706005.SHI Jun, YIN Xiaoxing, and ZHONG Weiye. Band septum polarizer with low axial ratio[J]. Journal of Microwaves,2017, 33(6):21-24. doi:10.14183/j.cnki. 1005-6122.201706005.
[15] HASEGAWA Y, HARADA R, TOKUDA K, et al. A new approach to suppress the effect of machining error for waveguide septum circular polarizer at 230 GHz band inradio astronomy[J]. Journal of Infrared Millimeter&Terahertz Waves, 2017, 38(5):638-652. doi:10.1007/s10762-017-0364-3.
[16] JAZANI G and PIRHADI A. Design of dual-polarised(RHCP/LHCP)quad-ridged horn antenna with wideband septum polariser waveguide feed[J]. IET Microwaves,Antennas&Propagation,2018, 12(9):1541-1545. doi:10.1049/iet-map.2017.0611.
[17] MANUILOV M B and KOBRIN K V. Dual band compact polarizer based on ridged sections in square waveguide[C].2016 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering, Saratov, Russia, 2016:1-5.doi:10.1109/APEDE.2016.7878900.
[18] MANUILOV M B and KOBRIN K V. Fast and accurate technique for CAD of ridge waveguide polarizers[C].Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium-Spring(PIERS), St.Petersburg, Russia, 2017:1181-1183. doi:10.1109/PIERS.2017.8261926.
[2]王进,杜彪,焦永昌,等.宽频带四端口馈源网络系统设计[J].电子与信息学报,2017, 39(6):1313-1318. doi:10.11999/JEIT160918.WANG Jin, DU Biao, JIAO Yongchang, et al. Design of broadband 4-port feed network system[J]. Journal of Electronics&Information Technology, 2017, 39(6):1313-1318. doi:10.11999/JEIT160918.
[3]陈卯蒸,刘奇,马军,等.大口径射电望远镜超宽带接收机发展[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2017, 47(5):1-13. doi:10.1360/SSPMA2016-00505.CHEN Maozheng, LIU Qi, MA Jun, et al. Ultra-widebandreceiver technology development for radio astronomical large aperture telescope(in Chinese)[J]. Scientia Sinica Physica, Mechanica&Astronomica, 2017, 47(5):1-13. doi:10.1360/SSPMA2016-00505.
[4] SUBBARAO B and FUSCO V F. Compact coaxial-fed CP polarizer[J]. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 2004, 3(1):145-147. doi:10.1109/LAWP.2004.831084.
[5]施阳,石志东,李铭祥,等.8 mm波导螺钉圆极化器的设计与优化[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2007, 13(2):134-137.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2007.02.006.SHI Yang, SHI Zhidong, LI Mingxiang, et al. Design and optimization of waveguide circular polarizer using 8 mm adjustable metal screws[J]. Journal of Shanghai University(Natural Science), 2007, 13(2):134-137. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2007.02.006.
[6] WANG S W, CHIEN C H, and WANG C L. A circular polarizer designed with a dielectric septum loading[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2004,52(7):1719-1723. doi:10.1109/TMTT.2004.830487.
[7] ZHANG T L and YAN Z H. A Ka dual-band circular waveguide polarizer[C]. 7th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation&EM Theory, Guilin, China, 2006:1-4. doi:10.1109/ISAPE.2006.353406.
[8] USHIJIMA Y, YUKAWA H, YONEDA N, et al. Dual band rectangular waveguide polarizer using corrugated/elongated conductive plates for Ka-band[C]. 47th European Microwave Conference(EuMC), Nuremberg, Germany,2017:520-523. doi:10.23919/EuMC.2017.8230904.
[9]王海伦,李斌.K波段宽带圆极化器设计[J].天文研究与技术,2015, 12(4):455-460. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7673.2015.04.010.WANG Hailun and LI Bin. A design of a K-band circular polarizer[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2015,12(4):455-460. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7673.2015.04.010.
[10]贾茹,李斌.天马望远镜Ka波段宽带圆极化器研制[J].天文研究与技术,2017, 14(4):488-494. doi:10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20170922.002.JIA Ru and LI Bin. Development of Ka-band wideband circular polarizer[J]. Astronomical Research and Technology, 2017, 14(4):488-494. doi:10.14005/j.cnki.issn1672-7673.20170922.002.
[11] CHAKRABARTI S. Microwave conical horn antenna with dual circular polarization-Close-form design equations[J].International Journal of RF and Microwave ComputerAided Engineering, 2018, 28(7):1-9. doi:10.1002/mmce.21398.
[12]向小春,张宇环,金伟清,等.一种Ka频段金属膜片圆极化器设计[J].无线电工程,2017, 47(11):59-62. doi:10.3969/j.issn.003-3106.2017.11.13.XIANG Xiaochun, ZHANG Yuhuan, JIN Weiqing, et al. A design of Ka-band metal waveguide iris circular polarizer[J].Radio Engineering, 2017, 47(11):59-62. doi:10.3969/j.issn.003-3106.2017.11.13.
[13] LEAL-SEVILLANO C A, COOPER K B, and RUIZ-CRUZ J A. A 225 GHz circular polarization waveguide duplexer based on a septum orthomode transducer polarizer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology, 2013,3(5):574-583. doi:10.1109/TTHZ.2013.2264317.
[14]史俊,殷晓星,仲伟业.K波段低轴比的隔板式极化器[J].微波学报,2017,33(6):21-24. doi:10.14183/j.cnki.1005-6122.201706005.SHI Jun, YIN Xiaoxing, and ZHONG Weiye. Band septum polarizer with low axial ratio[J]. Journal of Microwaves,2017, 33(6):21-24. doi:10.14183/j.cnki. 1005-6122.201706005.
[15] HASEGAWA Y, HARADA R, TOKUDA K, et al. A new approach to suppress the effect of machining error for waveguide septum circular polarizer at 230 GHz band inradio astronomy[J]. Journal of Infrared Millimeter&Terahertz Waves, 2017, 38(5):638-652. doi:10.1007/s10762-017-0364-3.
[16] JAZANI G and PIRHADI A. Design of dual-polarised(RHCP/LHCP)quad-ridged horn antenna with wideband septum polariser waveguide feed[J]. IET Microwaves,Antennas&Propagation,2018, 12(9):1541-1545. doi:10.1049/iet-map.2017.0611.
[17] MANUILOV M B and KOBRIN K V. Dual band compact polarizer based on ridged sections in square waveguide[C].2016 International Conference on Actual Problems of Electron Devices Engineering, Saratov, Russia, 2016:1-5.doi:10.1109/APEDE.2016.7878900.
[18] MANUILOV M B and KOBRIN K V. Fast and accurate technique for CAD of ridge waveguide polarizers[C].Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium-Spring(PIERS), St.Petersburg, Russia, 2017:1181-1183. doi:10.1109/PIERS.2017.8261926.